BMJ Nutrition, Prevention and Health最新文献

{"title":"Association between composite dietary antioxidant index and pulmonary function in middle-aged and older adults: results from two population-based studies.","authors":"Rui Qiang Li, Yu Hui Lin, Jun Tao Kan, Jiao Wang, Ya Li Jin, Wei Sen Zhang, Lin Xu, Emma Yun-Zhi Huang","doi":"10.1136/bmjnph-2025-001443","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bmjnph-2025-001443","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The decline in pulmonary function among older adults is a widespread issue, lacking specific dietary guidelines for optimising respiratory health.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data from the Guangzhou Biobank Cohort Study (GBCS) and National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were analysed to assess the association of the Composite Dietary Antioxidant Index (CDAI) with key pulmonary function indicators in individuals aged 50 and older.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study included 8640 participants from GBCS and 4029 from NHANES, with a mean age of 62.5 years. After adjusting for confounders, higher CDAI scores were significantly linked to increased forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV₁) and FEV₁ percentage predicted (FEV₁pp) in GBCS (<i>β</i>=0.004 L, 95% CI 0.001 to 0.008; <i>β</i>=0.193%, 95% CI 0.045% to 0.342%). Similar trends were observed in NHANES for FEV₁pp (adjusted <i>β</i>=0.353%, 95% CI 0.059% to 0.646%). Subgroup analyses showed that women exhibited consistent positive associations between CDAI and both FEV₁pp and forced vital capacity (FVC) percentage predicted (FVCpp) in both cohorts. In GBCS, stronger associations were found for participants over 65 years.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Higher CDAI scores correlate with improved pulmonary function, particularly in women and older adults, underscoring the need for dietary recommendations that emphasise antioxidant-rich foods to enhance respiratory health and support healthy ageing.</p>","PeriodicalId":36307,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Nutrition, Prevention and Health","volume":"9 1","pages":"e001443"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13425122/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148654230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"\"We treat the symptom, not the system\": a qualitative study exploring connections between food insecurity and disease-related malnutrition in Canada.","authors":"Fareeha Quayyum, Anjana Rao, Katherine L Ford, Jessica Carmila John, Jenneffer Rayane Braga, Emily Nicholas Angl, Aisha Lofters, Leah Gramlich, Alyssa Kelly, Rahul Jain, Sumantra Ray, Celia Laur","doi":"10.1136/bmjnph-2025-001480","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bmjnph-2025-001480","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Food insecurity is a lack of physical and/or economic access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food that meets dietary needs and food preferences. Disease-related malnutrition (DRM) occurs in the context of illness or its treatment and is associated with inadequate nutrient intake and the inflammatory processes of diseases or medical conditions. Food insecurity and DRM both pose significant health risks, are prevalent and have similar underlying foundations, yet minimal research has explored these connections. The objective was to explore the complex relationship between food insecurity and DRM to inform system change, research, intervention and education supporting both topics.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted online semistructured interviews and focus groups with clinicians, researchers/academics and staff from health systems and community organisations purposefully recruited from across Canada. A codebook supported inductive thematic analysis. Following the interviews/focus groups, participants were sent a list of research questions which they rated by priority level, actionability, feasibility and health equity considerations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Interviews (n=7) and focus groups (2; n=5) were conducted with 12 participants from four provinces. There was an even split between clinicians (n=4), researchers/academics (n=4), management (n=4) or representatives (n=3) from health system or community organisations (n=4). Half (n=6) self-identified as providing more input on DRM, and n=8 on food insecurity. The overarching theme was how structural inequities connected food insecurity and DRM. Participants discussed the need for ethical screening for both, but only if results could connect to services beyond food charity and if screening was unbiased and respectful. The need for system change was reported, alongside opportunities to support practice change through research, intervention and education. A list of research questions was generated.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study reveals that food insecurity and DRM are fundamentally linked by structural inequities, necessitating a shift from food charity toward ethical, system-wide intervention. Addressing these interconnected issues requires integrated research and policy changes to support equitable health outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":36307,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Nutrition, Prevention and Health","volume":"9 1","pages":"e001480"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13422100/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148631961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Jarlsberg cheese consumption is associated with favourable changes in bone turnover markers and BMD in postmenopausal women and older men: a randomised clinical trial.","authors":"Helge Einar Lundberg, Tove Tveitan Borgen, Joanna Kafel, Sosan Lotfi, Qudsia Norin Usman, Karina Reinfjord Guldal, Nirosha Srikumar, Huy Do-Vu, Erik Fink Eriksen, Stig Einride Larsen","doi":"10.1136/bmjnph-2025-001436","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bmjnph-2025-001436","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Osteoporosis remains a significant global health issue, and prevention of age-related bone loss is of particular interest.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To assess whether daily Jarlsberg cheese fermented by <i>Propionibacterium freudenreichii</i> (PF) is associated with changes in bone turnover markers and bone mineral density (BMD) in postmenopausal women and men aged ≥55 years.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study was performed as a randomised semi-cross-over designed multicentre trial using delayed start-up. 57 postmenopausal women and men ≥55 years, both with BMD T-score between -2.5 and 0, who did not use any osteoporosis medication were included. All participants received daily calcium and vitamin D. One group was randomly allocated to Jarlsberg from start till 32 weeks, whereas the second had a 16-week delay before Jarlsberg start-up for 32 weeks. Bone turnover markers and BMD were assessed every 16 weeks.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the Jarlsberg group, total osteocalcin (OC) increased from 18.8 to 23.5 ng/mL at week 32 (p<0.01), carboxylated OC from 11.8 to 17.3 ng/mL (p<0.001) and the ratio between procollagen type 1 N-terminal propeptide (P1NP) and crosslinked C-terminal telopeptide of type 1-collagen (CTX) (P1NP/CTX) from 168.8 to 203.9 (p<0.01). Lumbar spine BMD increased from 1.151 to 1.163 g/cm² (p=0.04) and total hip BMD from 0.929 to 0.933 g/cm² (p=0.02). The differences between groups in BTM were significant in favour of Jarlsberg cheese. After Jarlsberg was introduced, OC-level, biomarkers and BMD increased.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Jarlsberg intake alongside calcium and vitamin D was associated with favourable increases in OC-related markers, P1NP/CTX ratio and BMD in postmenopausal women and older men.</p>","PeriodicalId":36307,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Nutrition, Prevention and Health","volume":"9 1","pages":"e001436"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13425129/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148654414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Legume and soy consumption and the risk of hypertension: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective studies.","authors":"Michael Metoudi, Isabelle Sadler, Shireen Kassam, Dagfinn Aune","doi":"10.1136/bmjnph-2025-001449","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bmjnph-2025-001449","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Several studies have suggested that high intakes of legumes and soy products are associated with a lower risk of hypertension; however, the results have been inconsistent. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to clarify the association between legumes and soy consumption and the risk of hypertension.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>PubMed and Embase databases were searched up to 14 June 2025. Random effects models were used to calculate summary relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for the association between legume or soy consumption and hypertension risk. Heterogeneity was evaluated using I². The likelihood of causality was evaluated using World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF) criteria.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>12 prospective studies were included in the meta-analysis. The summary RR for high versus low intake of legumes was 0.84 (95% CI 0.77 to 0.93, I²=65%, p_{heterogeneity}=0.003, n=10 studies, 86 098 cases, 309 853 participants) and for soy was 0.81 (95% CI 0.70 to 0.93, I²=82%, p_{heterogeneity}<0.0001, n=7 studies, 93 934 cases, 278 200 participants). In the linear dose-response analyses, the summary RR per 100 g/day was 0.88 (95% CI 0.80 to 0.97, I²=69%, p_{heterogeneity}=0.001, n=10) for legumes and 0.76 (95% CI 0.60 to 0.96, I²=89%, p_{heterogeneity}<0.0001, n=6) for soy. The test for non-linearity was not significant for legumes (p_{non-linearity}=0.13), suggesting a linear reduction in risk up to ~170 g/day, while for soy there was indication of non-linearity (p_{non-linearity}=0.01), and most of the reduction in risk was observed up to an intake around 60-80 g/day. Although there was an indication of publication bias with Egger's test (p=0.04) for legumes, this was explained by two outlying studies. Using WCRF criteria, the likelihood of causality was considered probable for both legumes and soy in relation to hypertension risk.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In this meta-analysis of 12 prospective cohort studies, legume and soy intakes were associated with lower risk of hypertension. These findings support dietary recommendations to increase the intake of legumes in the general population.</p>","PeriodicalId":36307,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Nutrition, Prevention and Health","volume":"9 1","pages":"e001449"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13425121/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148654486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Environmental footprint of a low-fat vegan diet and Mediterranean diet: a secondary analysis of a randomised clinical trial.","authors":"Arathi Jayaraman, Brighid McKay, Laura Chiavaroli, Songhee Back, Ilana Fischer, Reagan Smith, Richard Holubkov, Neal D Barnard, Hana Kahleova","doi":"10.1136/bmjnph-2025-001482","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bmjnph-2025-001482","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Plant-based foods, compared with animal-based foods, have a smaller environmental impact.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This secondary analysis used a randomised, crossover trial to calculate and compare the environmental impact of two plant-forward diets: low-fat vegan and Mediterranean.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>62 overweight adults were randomly assigned to a low-fat vegan or Mediterranean diet for 16-week periods, separated by a 4-week washout. 3-day dietary records were analysed, and greenhouse gas emissions (GHGEs) and cumulative energy demand (CED) were calculated for completers of the study. The calculated GHGEs and CED relationship to changes in body weight were analysed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Total calculated GHGEs and CED were reduced on the low-fat vegan diet by 57%, or by -1451.7 g CO₂-eq/person-day (95% CI -1776.5 to -1126.9; p<0.0001), and 55%, or by -9306.7 kJ/person-day (95% CI -11022 to -7591.5; p<0.0001), respectively. Total calculated GHGEs in the Mediterranean diet reduced by 20%, or by -451.3 g CO₂-eq/person-day (95% CI -859.7 to -42.8; p=0.03), and no change in calculated CED. In both treatment groups combined, changes in body weight correlated with changes in total CED (r=+0.41; p=0.004), even after adjustment for changes in energy intake (r=+0.34; p=0.02). The correlation between changes in body weight and changes in GHGEs did not reach statistical significance (r=+0.26; p=0.07).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Collectively, a low-fat vegan diet demonstrated statistically significant reductions in GHGEs, CED and weight loss compared with the non-plant-forward and Mediterranean diets, suggesting that a low-fat vegan diet can improve both human and planetary health.</p><p><strong>Trial registration number: </strong>NCT03698955.</p>","PeriodicalId":36307,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Nutrition, Prevention and Health","volume":"9 1","pages":"e001482"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13425112/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148654409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physical activity, deductibles and individual health expenditures.","authors":"Sacha Casso, Pedro Marques-Vidal, Peter Vollenweider","doi":"10.1136/bmjnph-2025-001409","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bmjnph-2025-001409","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Adequate physical activity (PA) promotes health, but whether it also reduces health-related expenditures has not been thoroughly assessed. We investigated the association between PA levels and individual health expenditures and health insurance deductibles.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data from the third follow-up (2018-2021) of a prospective cohort study based in Lausanne, Switzerland. PA was measured via accelerometry and categorised as <or ≥150 min/week of moderate+vigorous PA (MVPA). Information on deductibles was self-reported. Health expenditures were obtained from health insurers.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, 858 participants (53% females, 65.4±9.7 years) had deductible data. Participants with ≥150 min/week MVPA were more likely to choose higher health insurance deductibles than the less active group: 29.3% against 17.5%; p<0.001. However, this association was no longer significant after multivariable adjustment. Health expenditures were available for 360 participants (50.3 % females, 66.1±9.7 years). Participants with ≥150 min/week of MVPA had lower expenditures: median and (IQR) 1987 (427-5490) against 4118 (1699-8743) CHF, p<0.001. After multivariable adjustment, a nonsignificant (p=0.073) trend remained. Age, female sex and low deductible choice remained significant predictors of higher expenditures. In sex-stratified analyses, a significant inverse association was found between expenditures and MVPA: β (95% CI) -0.0034 (-0.0065 to -0.0003) in females, but not in males.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Although less active individuals tend to choose lower deductibles, the association is mainly driven by clinical and sociodemographic factors. In women, each extra 30 min of MVPA per week was correlated to a 10% annual decrease in individual health expenditures, with a same borderline effect in the full sample.</p>","PeriodicalId":36307,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Nutrition, Prevention and Health","volume":"9 1","pages":"e001409"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13422324/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148631927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Persistent gaps in nutrition education in UK medical schools: a triangulated review of curricula, student perception and the evidence base.","authors":"Amanda Shiach, Abigail C Thomson, Fiona Samuels","doi":"10.1136/bmjnph-2025-001479","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bmjnph-2025-001479","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Nutrition is a modifiable driver of morbidity and mortality in the UK, yet nutrition education remains marginal within medical curricula. Despite guidance from the General Medical Council (GMC) and the Association for Nutrition (AfN), evidence suggests persistent under-provision.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We triangulated findings from: (1) a curriculum review and mapping exercise of UK medical schools; (2) a curriculum survey (n=31) of final-year or newly qualified students; and (3) a rapid review (2010-2025) of literature on nutrition education in UK medical programmes. Survey items mapped to AfN competencies and GMC Outcomes for Graduates.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Across all data sources, nutrition education was inconsistently delivered, theoretical and rarely assessed. Most students (71%) reported receiving ≤10 hours of teaching. Although 84% rated nutrition as important, only 61% felt prepared to address nutrition issues. Confidence was lowest for practical skills (nutrition assessment, referral pathways and brief interventions). The rapid review identified longstanding barriers: low curricular legitimacy, limited assessment, insufficient faculty expertise and weak clinical integration. Enablers included nutrition leads, interprofessional learning and competency-aligned teaching.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Despite national prevention ambitions, nutrition remains insufficiently integrated into UK medical education. Aligning curricula with AfN/GMC standards, strengthening assessment, embedding leadership and co-designing applied teaching with students represent practical high-impact opportunities to develop prevention.</p>","PeriodicalId":36307,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Nutrition, Prevention and Health","volume":"9 1","pages":"e001479"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13425111/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148654433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between nutritional status, chemotherapy cycle count and treatment responses in adults with cancer in Ethiopia: a prospective cohort study.","authors":"Awole Seid, Zelalem Debebe, Abebe Ayelign, Bilal Shikur Endris, Mathewos Assefa, Ahmedin Jemal","doi":"10.1136/bmjnph-2025-001424","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bmjnph-2025-001424","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Malnutrition is common in patients with cancer. Limited data exist on the association between nutritional status, chemotherapy cycles and therapeutic responses in low-resource settings. This study investigated the association between pretreatment nutritional status, chemotherapy cycles and treatment response in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, providing insights through count data analysis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A multicentre prospective cohort study was conducted from February 2024 to June 2025, involving 400 patients with solid tumours followed from prior to chemotherapy to 1 month after completing treatment. Nutritional status was assessed using the Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment, and treatment response was measured using the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumours (V.1.1). Multivariable logistic and Poisson regression analyses were used to determine the association between malnutrition, treatment response and number of chemotherapy cycles.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>At baseline, 39% of the patients exhibited severe malnutrition. Of the 400 recruited participants, only 204 (51%) completed six or more chemotherapy cycles, and 19.6% showed progressive disease (PD). In bivariate analysis, severe malnutrition was associated with PD (crude OR = 2.67 (95% CI: 1.12 to 6.1)). In the multivariable logistic regression analysis, low dietary diversity (adjusted OR (AOR) = 3.63 (95% CI: 1.19 to 11.05)) and low performance status (AOR = 4.3 (95% CI 1.35 to 13.67)) were associated with PD. Additionally, based on Poisson regression, patients with severe malnutrition received 17% fewer chemotherapy cycles than well-nourished patients (incidence rate ratio = 0.83 (95% CI: 0.73 to 0.93)).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Based on a prospective cohort study, malnutrition may not predict chemotherapy response. However, it was associated with a reduced number of chemotherapy cycles. Therefore, early nutritional assessment and intervention are imperative to reduce treatment dropouts. Patients should also be encouraged to consume a diverse diet rich in essential nutrients to improve their treatment responses.</p>","PeriodicalId":36307,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Nutrition, Prevention and Health","volume":"9 1","pages":"e001424"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13422058/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148631964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between dietary consumption and menopausal symptoms severity among women in selected local government areas, Lagos state, Nigeria.","authors":"Saratu Omagbemi Ajike, Mary Adebimpe Abe","doi":"10.1136/bmjnph-2025-001346","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bmjnph-2025-001346","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Diet is increasingly recognised as a modifiable factor influencing the severity of menopausal symptoms. While global studies have examined this relationship, there is limited evidence on how culturally specific dietary patterns relate to menopausal health among African populations.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted among 376 postmenopausal women. Data were collected using structured questionnaires. χ² tests and Cramer's V were used to evaluate associations between dietary intake and menopausal symptom severity, with post hoc standardised residuals to identify contributing categories.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Most participants were aged 51-55 (34.8%), with vaginal dryness reported as the most severe symptom (38.6%). Menopause severity was moderate, with most (83%) respondents experiencing mild-to-moderate menopausal symptoms. Indigenous diet was moderately consumed by 51.6%, the Western diet was highly consumed by 44.7% and processed foods were moderately consumed by 91%. There were statistically significant associations between all three dietary patterns and menopausal symptom severity. For Indigenous food, moderate consumption was marginally associated with being asymptomatic (Standard Residual (SR)=+1.9), while high consumption was marginally associated with fewer asymptomatic cases (SR=-1.9) (χ²(2)=8.31, p=0.016, φc=0.149). Western food intake showed a strong inverse association, with asymptomatic women over-represented among low consumers (SR=+5.9) and under-represented among high consumers (SR=-3.1) (χ²(4)=50.09, p<0.001, φc=0.495). Similarly, low processed food consumption was strongly associated with being asymptomatic (SR=+7.6), while moderate consumption was associated with fewer asymptomatic cases (SR=-2.5) (χ²(4)=78.21, p<0.001, φc=0.795).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The associations between dietary patterns and menopausal symptoms severity reflect potential influences of varied dietary patterns on the menopause symptom experiences. These associations suggest that culturally relevant dietary strategies may contribute to managing menopausal symptoms among Nigerian women, warranting further longitudinal investigation.</p>","PeriodicalId":36307,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Nutrition, Prevention and Health","volume":"9 1","pages":"e001346"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13425125/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148654303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Environmental footprint of a soybean-supplemented low-fat vegan diet in postmenopausal women: a secondary analysis of a randomised clinical trial.","authors":"Ilana Fischer, Arathi Jayaraman, Brighid McKay, Laura Chiavaroli, Songhee Back, Reagan Smith, Richard Holubkov, Neal D Barnard, Hana Kahleova","doi":"10.1136/bmjnph-2025-001447","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bmjnph-2025-001447","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Dietary patterns that limit or avoid animal products contribute fewer greenhouse gases and require less energy than diets containing more animal products. However, quantifications of these outcomes on a vegan diet in real-life conditions still need to be explored.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In a randomised controlled trial, a low-fat vegan diet supplemented with soybeans led to a significant reduction in hot flashes in postmenopausal women. In this secondary analysis of that study, we hypothesised that the intervention diet would have a reduced environmental impact, greenhouse gas emissions (GHGEs) and cumulative energy demand (CED). 3-day diet records were analysed at baseline and at the end of the 12-week study, and we linked dietary intakes to environmental footprints.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared with no change in the omnivorous control group, we found that the vegan group had a decrease in GHGEs (p <0.001) of 35% (-662.7 g CO_2-eq/person-day) and a decrease in CED (p =0.002) of 34% (-4956 kJ/person-day). These reductions in environmental impact were primarily due to reduced consumption of meat and dairy products.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Adoption of a soybean-supplemented low-fat vegan diet significantly reduced cumulative energy demand and GHGEs, important drivers of climate change.</p><p><strong>Trial registration number: </strong>NCT04587154.</p>","PeriodicalId":36307,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Nutrition, Prevention and Health","volume":"9 1","pages":"e001447"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13422045/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148631920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}