Journal of Hydrology最新文献

{"title":"Advancing group decision-making in sustainable water resource management: a Z-number enhanced framework for wastewater reuse","authors":"Hessam Najafi ,&nbsp;Jinhui Jeanne Huang ,&nbsp;Shima Shafie Naeibi ,&nbsp;Mehrdad Ramazanilar ,&nbsp;Vahid Nourani","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2025.134256","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2025.134256","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the face of global water scarcity, sustainable water resource management, such as treated wastewater reuse, is crucial. However, identifying optimal reuse alternatives presents significant challenges, primarily due to the complexities of decision-making under uncertainty, conflicting criteria, and varying expert judgments. This paper introduces a Group Multi-Attribute Decision-Making (GMADM) method enhanced with Z-numbers, a new generation of fuzzy logic that effectively manages uncertainties by incorporating data constraints and expert judgment reliability. A key contribution of this study is the development of a method to convert linguistic variables and pairwise comparisons into a Z-number-driven Decision Matrix (ZDM), improving the decision-making process in complex group scenarios. To address computational challenges, a simplified approach to calculating Z-numbers is proposed, which reduces computational costs.</div><div>The method is applied to a case study on Tabriz, Iran, a city facing significant water scarcity. Five wastewater reuse alternatives are evaluated based on nine sub-criteria spanning economic, technical, environmental, and social factors. The Z-number-driven GMADM method ranks alternatives using fuzzy Hausdorff distance (FHD) and relative closeness (RC) to ideal solutions. A comparison with traditional methods, such as the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP), shows that industrial usage is ranked as the top alternative for wastewater reuse. The sensitivity analysis confirms that variations in expert opinion reliability significantly impact the rankings of alternatives, further validating the proposed method’s applicability in real-world decision-making scenarios, particularly in sustainable water resource management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":362,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hydrology","volume":"663 ","pages":"Article 134256"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145103976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A predictive model for porous media tortuosity and specific surface area based on the temporal phase difference of mineral dissolution morphology","authors":"Yaohui Wang ,&nbsp;Fugang Wang ,&nbsp;Yilong Yuan ,&nbsp;Heng Li ,&nbsp;Qingcheng He ,&nbsp;Donghui Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2025.134290","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2025.134290","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tortuosity and specific surface area (SSA) are critical parameters for characterizing the pore structure of porous media, with broad applications in subsurface flow, geotechnical engineering, and materials science. However, direct measurement of tortuosity and SSA is often challenging and time-consuming. Therefore, developing predictive models for these parameters offers significant scientific convenience and computational efficiency. In geological systems, mineral dissolution under varying hydrodynamic conditions is typically heterogeneous. At present, there is a lack of predictive models that consider tortuosity and SSA in the context of heterogeneous mineral dissolution under different hydrodynamic regimes. This study introduces the concept of the temporal phase difference of mineral dissolution morphology and, based on this, establishes predictive models relating tortuosity and SSA to porosity. Using pore-scale numerical simulations grounded in phase-field theory, the morphological differences in pore structure evolution are analyzed. These results validate the scientific soundness of the proposed temporal phase difference concept and confirm the effectiveness of the developed models in predicting pore structure evolution under heterogeneous mineral dissolution conditions driven by distinct hydrodynamic environments. The proposed model significantly improves the predictive accuracy of the widely used Kozeny–Carman model for permeability. This research provides methodological and modeling support for the determination of tortuosity and SSA in porous media, contributing to advancements in subsurface flow and related disciplines.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":362,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hydrology","volume":"663 ","pages":"Article 134290"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145096473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How old is the water in the Yellow River Source Area? A multiscale analysis using transit time distributions","authors":"Jinzhu Fang ,&nbsp;Michael Stockinger ,&nbsp;Yibo Yang ,&nbsp;Peng Yi ,&nbsp;Christine Stumpp ,&nbsp;Jijie Shen ,&nbsp;Ling Xiong ,&nbsp;Jiayong Shi","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2025.134265","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2025.134265","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Estimating water yield is a crucial aspect of evaluating conservation strategies and ensuring sustainable development of watershed water resources. The determination of the transit time distribution (TTD) using stable water isotopes has become essential for characterizing the storage and release processes of water in watersheds. In this study, we estimated TTD using the convolution integral method during the thawing period of five permafrost-influenced, nested basins (20000∼120000 km²) in the Yellow River Source Area (SAYR). To account for the effect of the thawing permafrost layer, an additional source contributing to runoff was added to the convolution integral approach. We derived the mean transit time (MTT) and the fraction of water younger than threshold age (hereafter abbreviated as T.A, (F(t &lt; T.A)) from the TTD. The result of Bayesian optimization showed that F(t &lt; T.A) ranged from 0.12 to 0.64, and MTT ranged from 40 to 368 days. The F(t &lt; T.A) and the MTT of the watersheds were mainly influenced by river channel topography and the water retention capacity of the watersheds which depended on the topographical and morphological characteristics. They were to a lesser degree affected by land use type, soil type, and the thermal stability of the frozen soil. The results in this study show that estimating watershed transit times could be improved by incorporating a convolution integral model with permafrost meltwater contribution during melting time.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":362,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hydrology","volume":"663 ","pages":"Article 134265"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145118378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insights into mechanisms of pumping-induced land subsidence through multiple-method investigation","authors":"Chenyang Miao ,&nbsp;Yun Zhang ,&nbsp;Guangyao Hao","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2025.134283","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2025.134283","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Land subsidence is a worldwide geological disaster and the classical effective stress principle cannot explain all related field phenomena well. To comprehensively reveal the mechanism of pumping-induced land subsidence, a multi-method investigation was conducted in this study, which integrated physical model tests, laboratory soil mechanical and micro-structure experiments, and numerical modeling. The results show that the change of the pore water pressure in an aquifer is consistent with the pumping and recharging. The lagging of land subsidence behind the change of pore water pressure can be attributed to soil creep. When the current effective stress in aquifer sand is greater than the historically greatest one, sand exhibits clear creep behavior. Clay has greater creep deformation than sand, and its creep capacity lowers with increasing load level and number of cycles when no pre-consolidation load is applied. After unloading, the change in the void ratio and porosity per unit area are only restored to one-fifth of the variation induced by compression, and the number of pores in clay increases by 1.6 times. The clay structure undergoes reorientation and the pore shape flattens, causing it to deform irrecoverably, which explains the recharging-induced rebound in the aquitard fails to fully compensate for the subsidence as the aquifer does. Meanwhile, the evolution of pore volume in clay under various compression pressures is characterized by a transformation from medium pores (1–5 μm) to small pores (0.1–1 μm). The microstructural evolution and creep behaviors of soil reveal the mechanisms of land subsidence during pumping and recharging more effectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":362,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hydrology","volume":"663 ","pages":"Article 134283"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145118286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Uncertainty-informed multi-reservoir flood control optimization: A probabilistic forecasting and stochastic decision-making framework","authors":"Cheng Chen ,&nbsp;Binquan Li ,&nbsp;Huiming Zhang ,&nbsp;Maihuan Zhao ,&nbsp;Zhongmin Liang ,&nbsp;Kuang Li ,&nbsp;Xindai An","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2025.134285","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2025.134285","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Forecast uncertainty is a critical factor influencing the risk associated with reservoir flood control operations. Traditional assumptions of Gaussian-distributed forecast residuals often fail to capture their variability, leading to challenges in risk assessment and decision-making. To address this issue, this study developed a stochastic inflow scenario generation algorithm that accounts for heteroscedastic residuals and coupled it with an NSGA-III-based reservoir optimization model. Furthermore, a decision-making approach integrating the Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (FAHP) and the Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) method was employed to perform multi-objective decision-making, taking into account the fuzziness of decision preferences. The proposed framework was tested on a parallel reservoir system located in the lower reaches of the Yellow River Basin, China. The key findings are as follows: (1) Forecast residual behavior exhibits significant variability across different flow magnitudes. (2) The conventional assumption of Gaussian-distributed forecast residuals underestimates flood uncertainty and its associated risks, particularly during extreme flood events. (3) Incorporating forecast uncertainty into reservoir flood control operations enhances risk mitigation in multi-reservoir systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":362,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hydrology","volume":"663 ","pages":"Article 134285"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145103973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantitative assessment of automated threshold selection methods for Generalized Pareto Distribution for modeling precipitation extremes in the Indian subcontinent","authors":"G. Sree Anusha ,&nbsp;R. Maheswaran","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2025.134166","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2025.134166","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Extreme Value Theory (EVT) provides a reliable statistical framework for modeling and understanding the behavior of extreme events. Within EVT, the Peak-Over-Threshold (POT) model is a powerful method for estimating the Extreme Precipitation Events (EPEs); however, its application is limited largely due to the challenges in selecting optimal threshold values. The present study critically examines and compares the theoretical underpinnings of several threshold selection methods (such as Anderson Darling (AD), Normality of Differences (ND), Squared Error(SE) and Multiple Threshold Method (MTM)) within the context of the Generalized Pareto Distribution (GPD) model. The comparison of these methods was performed on i) synthetic datasets generated through Monte Carlo simulation and ii) daily and seasonal gridded precipitation datasets from the Indian subcontinent. The evaluation revealed certain theoretical limitations of the existing methods, leading to the development of hybrid threshold selection methods. Results from the synthetic samples also show that the hybrid methods are more accurate and effective in determining critical threshold ranges. Application of the method to Indian precipitation datasets yielded comparable results, with threshold values effectively capturing the spatial pattern of extremes, consistent with regional characteristics. For example, thresholds identified for coastal and northeastern regions often exceed 160 mm/day, while the Rajasthan region exhibits significantly lower thresholds, frequently less than 15 mm/day. These estimated threshold values were subsequently employed to investigate the temporal variability of extreme events within the Indian region. The results indicated a considerable increase in the number of peaks and peak intensity of precipitation events in certain parts of the Southern Peninsular region of India. This study is crucial for providing comprehensive guidelines and improving the reliability of POT-based threshold selection methods for identifying EPEs. The approach is essential for assessing the increasing intensity and frequency of precipitation extremes related to climate change, offering valuable insights for targeted mitigation and disaster risk reduction strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":362,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hydrology","volume":"663 ","pages":"Article 134166"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145118234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of wildfire ash on hydrological properties of coarse-textured soils","authors":"Edouard J. Acuña ,&nbsp;Dorota Dec ,&nbsp;Carlos A. Bonilla","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2025.134260","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2025.134260","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In a world where wildfires are becoming increasingly recurrent due to climate change and land use, sandy soils are prone to ash incorporation due to their high macroporosity and rainfall effects. To enhance understanding regarding the influence of ash type and dose on the hydrological properties of coarse-textured soils, a study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of incorporating <em>Eucalyptus globulus</em> and <em>Quillaja saponaria</em> ashes on the pore size distribution (PSD), soil water retention curve (SWRC) and saturated (<em>K_s</em>) and unsaturated (<em>K_u</em>) hydraulic conductivities. The study evaluated the effects of two doses of ash (2 % and 4 %) from each species on two coarse-textured soils from central Chile (SL: sandy loam and SCL: sandy clay loam). The measurements were compared among treatments but also to a control without application. Each soil-dose-species combination was implemented with 4 replicates. Results showed that the ashes’ particle size was in the range of silt and very fine sand, which, after being added to the soils, led to a significant decrease in <em>K_s</em> (up to 82 %). However, all treatments showed moderately high <em>K_s</em> values. Regarding the SWRC, the van Genuchten model fitting showed that ash incorporation significantly increased the soil water content at saturation (<span><math><msub><mi>θ</mi><mi>s</mi></msub></math></span>) and decreased the parameter <em>α</em>. Additionally, adding the ash increased the water content at field capacity (<em>FC</em>) in both soils (up to 39.2 %). The main change in PSD was a higher fine porosity (<em>FP</em>) in the range of 34.8–43.9 % for SL and SCL soils, respectively. These results estimate the change in some key hydrological properties of coarse-textured soils, which can be used for modeling or deciding on post-fire ash management strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":362,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hydrology","volume":"663 ","pages":"Article 134260"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145154859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fingerprinting sediment sources of the largest desert reservoir in Asia and its environmental implications","authors":"Guoxiang Chen ,&nbsp;Zheng Chi ,&nbsp;Zhibao Dong ,&nbsp;Aimin Liang ,&nbsp;Xiaokang Liu ,&nbsp;Guang Li","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2025.134257","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2025.134257","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Reservoir siltation poses a significant challenge to water resource management and ecological balance, particularly in arid regions affected by water and wind erosion. Quantifying sediment sources in reservoirs is crucial for the sustainable operation and management of reservoir systems. The Hongyashan Reservoir (HYSR), the largest desert reservoir in Asia, has experienced severe siltation due to the combined effects of fluvial and aeolian processes. However, little is known about their respective source contributions. To this end, this study quantitatively elucidates the contributions of the Shiyang River and Gobi area to the HYSR siltation based on geochemical indicators and the FingerPro mixing model, and proposes sustainable soil and water conservation strategies. Quantitative provenance identification was determined based on robust geochemical indicators using the conservativeness index (CI), consensus ranking (CR) and consistent tracer selection (CTS) methods, revealing that both fluvial and aeolian sediments are potential material sources for the HYSR siltation. The results indicate that aeolian processes contribute more to the HYSR than fluvial processes, with average contributions of 51.18% and 48.82%, respectively. The accuracy of source apportionments was validated through the goodness-of-fit (GOF) and virtual mixtures (VM) methods. The spatial distribution of source contributions within the HYSR demonstrates notable heterogeneity, with the southern region dominated primarily by fluvial sediments, while the northern area is influenced by wind-driven deposition. The spatial heterogeneity of source contributions highlights the combined influence of fluvial and aeolian processes. This study provides critical insights into sustainable water resource management in the Shiyang River Basin (SRB) and offers implications for desertification prevention and ecosystem protection in the basin. The fingerprinting method and findings presented in this study offer a transferable framework for quantifying mixed fluvial-aeolian sediment sources in arid reservoir systems globally.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":362,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hydrology","volume":"663 ","pages":"Article 134257"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145155345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Water extraction games in river basins from the perspective of complex network: a case study in the Hanjiang river basin, China","authors":"Yang Cao ,&nbsp;Yanbin Yuan ,&nbsp;Heng Dong ,&nbsp;Xiaohui Yuan","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2025.134252","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2025.134252","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As the global water crisis intensifies, human water extraction activities exert an increasingly profound impact on the sustainability of water resources. The distribution of water user groups in river basins exhibits distinct network characteristics<strong>,</strong> with pronounced asymmetric externalities in water extraction. However, current research lacks adequate investigation into the impact of these features. This study develops an evolutionary game model on weighted and directed water use networks, using the Hanjiang River Basin in China as a case study to analyze network characteristics and water extraction dynamics. The results reveal that the network exhibits significant strength assortativity and small-world properties. The network topology and player payoff structures drive water extraction dynamics, leading to diverse behavioral patterns. Under initial conditions, cooperative water extraction emerges as the dominant strategy in the network, with an average cooperation ratio of 0.7031 over 100 rounds in noiseless simulations. Cooperation is primarily observed in the midstream and downstream sections of the basin. Key parameters that drive cooperation, including marginal benefit, penalty coefficient, and marginal cost, reflect important institutional and environmental factors shaping users’ decisions. As noise intensifies, decision randomness increases, significantly undermining the strategic superiority of the dominant strategy and reducing the amplitude of phase oscillations among nodes. When cooperative extraction is favored under the given network and payoff structure, reducing controllable uncertainty can effectively promote cooperation. The study provides key insights for sustainable river basin management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":362,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hydrology","volume":"663 ","pages":"Article 134252"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145096478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving runoff simulation in cold alpine regions based on VIC-glacier by combining LSTM error correction technology","authors":"Chen Shi ,&nbsp;Qin Liu ,&nbsp;Yungang Bai ,&nbsp;Qiying Yu ,&nbsp;Zhenlin Lu ,&nbsp;Chengshuai Liu ,&nbsp;Biao Cao ,&nbsp;Lei Ren ,&nbsp;Ming Li ,&nbsp;Gan Miao ,&nbsp;Caihong Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2025.134251","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2025.134251","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Xinjiang’s cold alpine region, known as the “solid desert reservoir”, harbors over 40 % of China’s modern glaciers. Its abundant glacial resources significantly impact the ecological and economic development of the entire Northwestern region. Quantifying the proportion of glacier meltwater and forecasting future runoff trends have become critical research focuses in cold alpine areas. This study developed a coupled Variable Infiltration Capacity-Glacier (VIC-glacier) model for the upper Hotan River Basin, a typical cold alpine region, and optimized it using the Shuffled Complex Evolution (SCE-UA) automatic calibration method. The simulation results were further improved by integrating Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) and Autoregression (AR) error correction techniques, with their performances compared and validated. The results show that the VIC-glacier model with LSTM error correction demonstrates significantly enhanced accuracy across different forecast periods. The Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency (<em>NSE</em>) of short-term forecasts reaches 0.9 in both training and testing periods, with the Mean Absolute Error (<em>MAE</em>) and Root Mean Square Error (<em>RMSE</em>) reduced compared to the uncorrected model. Compared with AR correction, the LSTM model consistently outperforms in multiple foresight periods. This model mitigates uncertainties in water resources caused by glacier changes and enables more accurate future runoff predictions, providing a scientific basis for integrated water resource management in Xinjiang’s cold alpine regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":362,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hydrology","volume":"663 ","pages":"Article 134251"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145096391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}