Journal of Hydrology最新文献

{"title":"Influence of plant root aging on water percolation in three earthen landfill cover systems: A numerical study","authors":"Jingsong Zhou ,&nbsp;Junjun Ni ,&nbsp;Shusen Liu ,&nbsp;Yuchen Wang ,&nbsp;Clarence E. Choi","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2025.132916","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2025.132916","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Vegetated earthen cover is a common practice after the landfilling of municipal solid waste. However, the impact of vegetation growth, particularly plant ageing and root depth, on the performance of landfill cover systems remains unclear. This study aims to numerically investigate the influence of vegetation growth-induced changes in soil hydraulic properties on percolation under heavy rainfall conditions in three types of landfill cover systems: one-layer (Case I), two-layer capillary barrier (Case Ⅱ), and two-layer capillary barrier over a low permeability layer (Case Ⅲ). The study considers vegetation growth-dependent soil water retention and water permeability, as well as root depth. The results show that under heavy rainfall with a 100-year return period in Southern China (36. 8 mm for 12 h), when vegetation is absent, Case III outperforms Case I and Case Ⅱ. In cover systems susceptible to water breakthrough, fresh root systems (e.g., 3 months old) at a depth of 0.4 m extends the water breakthrough time (WBT) of the cover system by an average of 43 %, while the ageing of root system decreases this duration by approximately 52 %. In cover systems with 1.0 m long roots, the trend of this effect becomes more pronounced. When young and fresh roots dominate in the cover system, water infiltration in all cover systems are reduced, resulting in an average 58 % decrease in bottom percolation, compared with the case without vegetation. However, with elder roots (19 months old) and deeper plant roots (1.0 m deep), the effectiveness of all types of landfill cover systems reduces, leading to an average 202 % increase in bottom percolation. Among all the scenarios considered, only Case Ⅲ continues to perform satisfactorily and meet the design standards even with severe root decay due to plant ageing. This study implies that in practice Case Ⅲ with short root systems should be selected to minimize the negative impact of vegetation on the hydraulic performance of landfill cover systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":362,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hydrology","volume":"655 ","pages":"Article 132916"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143480257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Temporal-spatial analysis and geological interpretation of groundwater dynamics in a marine aquifer","authors":"Keyu Gong ,&nbsp;Zhang Wen ,&nbsp;Qinghua Li ,&nbsp;Qi Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2025.132958","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2025.132958","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Groundwater level fluctuations (GLF) reflect the dynamic response of an aquifer to external hydrogeological complexities and inherent properties. These fluctuations, characterized by their temporal oscillations and spatial distribution, provide insight into groundwater circulation across various temporal scales, and the heterogeneity of the subsurface environment. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the intrinsic characteristics of the GLF in a marine confined aquifer by using nine input datasets from two continuous multi-channel tubular monitoring boreholes in Beihai City, China. Long memory and multifractal features were used to capture the nonstationary characteristics of the GLF, revealing that the deep groundwater in FJC02 is unstable and warrants closer attention. Wavelet analysis was used to investigate the influence of external environmental factors such as climate and tides on groundwater dynamics. The response of groundwater to precipitation primarily occurred within a frequency scale of 128–256 h, with a delay of approximately 2–4 d. In contrast, the influence of tides on groundwater was concentrated within a frequency scale of 8–36 h, exhibiting vertical spatial variability in response times. Furthermore, it appears that the spatial variability of GLF characteristics is closely related to the heterogeneity of coastal aquifers. Semi-quantitative numerical simulations revealed that the nonstationary fluctuation features of the GLF effectively validated the heterogeneity of the aquifer obtained from the stochastic simulations. These observations demonstrate that the GLF in coastal aquifers can be well characterized using mathematical concepts from statistical extension methods. The results of this study provide unique insights into the inversion of aquifer medium heterogeneity and optimization of groundwater level sampling.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":362,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hydrology","volume":"655 ","pages":"Article 132958"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143508761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reducing the computational cost of process-based flood frequency estimation by extracting precipitation events from a large-ensemble climate dataset","authors":"Jiachao Chen ,&nbsp;Takahiro Sayama ,&nbsp;Masafumi Yamada ,&nbsp;Yoshito Sugawara","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2025.132946","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2025.132946","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The generation of flood projection ensembles for large areas and at a high resolution has been a long-standing computational challenge. Previous studies focused on improving model efficiency and hardware acceleration. An intriguing question arises; is it possible to reduce the computational demand for obtaining specific flood characteristics (e.g., flood frequency curves, FFCs) through precipitation data preprocessing, while maintaining high accuracy? In this study, we developed an aggregating grid event (AGE) method based on hydrological concepts to extract essential precipitation events from large-ensemble climate-change dataset. A total of 2,966 events were extracted from dynamically downscaled 720-year precipitation data covering all over Japan with the 5-km spatial resolution. By inputting the precipitation data into the Rainfall–Runoff–Inundation model at a 150 m resolution, we computed hourly discharges across all river grids in the study area, Shikoku Island, Japan. Based on the simulated peak discharges, we computed FFCs for return periods exceeding 10 years at each river grid using the peak-over-threshold method. The results demonstrated the effectiveness of the AGE method, with a relative bias (BIAS) of −1.38 % and a root mean square error (RMSE) of 36.45 m³/s for flood peaks across locations. Furthermore, the BIAS of quantiles at 100-year return period was −1.04 % compared to the references, which were estimated from all the valid 25,700 precipitation events. By using 2,966 events instead of 25,700 events, the AGE method significantly reduces the computational burden in estimating FFCs at all river grids while maintaining accuracy. This approach is applicable for any grid-based precipitation dataset, marking a crucial advancement in regional hyper-resolution flood studies based on climate projection ensembles.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":362,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hydrology","volume":"655 ","pages":"Article 132946"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143510459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Three-dimensional flow characteristics and structures in confluences based on large eddy simulation","authors":"Jiao Zhang ,&nbsp;Mengmeng Miao ,&nbsp;Wen Wang ,&nbsp;Zhanbin Li ,&nbsp;Peng Li ,&nbsp;Huilin Wang ,&nbsp;Zi Wu ,&nbsp;Binhua Zhao ,&nbsp;Jing Li","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2025.132956","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2025.132956","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The flow structure at river confluences is complex, and is closely linked to sediment transport and fish migration. This study employed large eddy simulation to explore the three-dimensional flow field at an equal-width confluence under varying confluence angles and flow ratios. Based on flow characteristics, the confluence area was divided into six zones: stagnation zone, flow deflection zone, separation zone, shear layer, maximum velocity zone, and flow recovery zone. The results showed that the turbulent kinetic energy and Reynolds shear stress in the channel downstream of the confluence initially increased and then decreased along the channel. The width of the vortex in the shear layer showed various vertical distributions, reaching a maximum at the mid-water depth. The secondary flow intensity reached a maximum near the downstream confluence corner and then gradually decreased along the flow direction. Quadrant analysis revealed that sediment deposition predominantly occurred in the separation zone, driven by dominant inward interaction events. Riverbed erosion occurred in the shear layer and maximum velocity zone with strong sweep events. Furthermore, the width-to-length ratio in the separation zone was positively correlated with the confluence angle and negatively correlated with the flow ratio. The shape of the separation zone varied in the vertical direction, with the width-to-length ratio being higher at the mid-water depth than in other layers. There existed a positive linear relationship between the size of the separation zone and the confluence angle, while there was a negative linear relationship between the size of the separation zone and the flow ratio. Finally, the study discusses the relationship between fish migration and flow structure, suggesting that fish tend to prefer areas with vortex structures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":362,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hydrology","volume":"655 ","pages":"Article 132956"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143520649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Probabilistic runoff forecasting by integrating improved conceptual hydrological model with interpretable deep learning approach in a typical karst basin, Southwest China","authors":"Shufeng Lai ,&nbsp;Chongxun Mo ,&nbsp;Xingbi Lei ,&nbsp;Na Li ,&nbsp;Gang Tang ,&nbsp;Lingling Tang ,&nbsp;Yi Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2025.132950","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2025.132950","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nonhomogeneous geological features and changing environmental conditions bring great uncertainty and modeling difficulty to karst runoff prediction, probabilistic runoff forecasting is thus of great significance to flood control and water resource management in karst basins. To enhance the accuracy, reliability, and interpretability of runoff prediction, this paper presents an interpretable conceptual-based-data-driven hybrid modeling framework (Interpretable Karst_HyMod-LSTM-KDE), which integrates an improved conceptual hydrological model, a deep learning model, a kernel density estimation model, and the Shapley additive explanation method for runoff point and interval prediction in a typical karst watershed (Chengbi River basin) in Southwest China. The results indicate that the improved conceptual model is superior to the original model, particularly in predicting peak flow. Compared to the standalone and HyMod-LSTM models, the Karst_HyMod-LSTM model improves the NSE, LogNSE, and KGE values in point prediction by 0.6%-11.7%, 0.5%-41.6%, and 5.8%-11.2%, respectively. The Karst_HyMod-LSTM model performs better in predicting extreme flows than a single model. The proposed modeling framework has significant advantages in probabilistic interval prediction with higher coverage and narrower interval width. Additionally, interpretability analyses reveal that recent hydrologic characteristics and subsurface conduit flow contribute the most to runoff variability, and subsurface fracture flow makes important contributions to maintaining perennial base runoff. The proposed hybrid modeling framework can improve the runoff prediction performance in karst basins.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":362,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hydrology","volume":"655 ","pages":"Article 132950"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143487969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seasonal nitrate input drives the spatiotemporal variability of regional surface water-groundwater interactions, nitrate sources and transformations","authors":"Yali Wu ,&nbsp;Jun Wang ,&nbsp;Zian Liu ,&nbsp;Chang Li ,&nbsp;Yuan Niu ,&nbsp;Xia Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2025.132973","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2025.132973","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Addressing the nitrogen geochemical cycle, accompanied with hydrological processes, influenced by anthropogenic nitrogen inputs provides new insights on policymaking for water resource management and aquatic ecosystems protection. However, there is currently a lack of further understanding on the source contributions of nitrate (NO₃^–) and transformations under explicit hydrological conditions. Due to their spatiotemporal heterogeneity, the impact of seasonal human activity changes on them has not been thoroughly elucidated. This study combines hydrogeochemical analysis, multiple stable isotopes (δ¹⁵N-NO₃^–, δ¹⁸O-NO₃^–, δ²H-H₂O, and δ¹⁸O-H₂O), statistical methods, and a Bayesian isotope mixing model (MixSIAR) to investigate surface water-groundwater interactions, nitrate sources and cycling processes in a hilly region of China. Results showed that groundwater hydrochemical types, governed by water–rock interactions and anthropogenic activities, shift seasonally, from HCO₃-Ca·Mg in the dry season to Cl·SO₄-Ca·Mg in the wet season, particularly in areas with high nitrate concentrations. Chemical weathering in groundwater was driven by the combined dissolution of silicate and carbonate rocks. Groundwater contributed 73.5 % to surface water, with the rate of 0.20 mm/day in March. Total interflow was 407.03 mm from May to October. Nitrification emerged as the dominant nitrogen transformation process in groundwater, while denitrification was localized, primarily occurring during the wet season. The major sources of NO₃^– in groundwater were soil nitrogen (SN; 48.4 ± 17.5 % in the dry season and 30.5 ± 11.6 % in the wet season) and manure and sewage (M&amp;S; 41.0 ± 17.7 % in the dry season and 54.8 ± 11.7 % in the wet season). The spatial distribution of M&amp;S contributions corresponded to elevated Cl^- and SO₄^2- concentrations, particularly at sites with high nitrate levels during the wet season. These findings reveal that anthropogenic nitrogen inputs significantly influence the spatiotemporal variability of groundwater hydrochemical types, nitrate sources, and nitrogen transformation processes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":362,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hydrology","volume":"655 ","pages":"Article 132973"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143487970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of increasing hydrologic model complexity in the representation of small and medium reservoirs within a river basin scale model and its impact on process simulation and parameter uncertainty","authors":"Arun Rajasekaran Sankarbalaji,&nbsp;Elanchezhiyan Duraisekaran,&nbsp;K. Sangeetha,&nbsp;Krushil Modi,&nbsp;Balaji Narasimhan","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2025.132925","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2025.132925","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The rising water demand has significantly altered the hydrologic response of the watersheds, necessitating the incorporation of management activities at the river basin scale. One of the common water management activities is to intentionally regulate the streamflow using numerous Small and Medium Reservoirs (SMRs). Continuous hydrologic models like the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) have been used to evaluate the long-term impacts of such water management activities. However, the representation of SMRs in hydrologic models is often simplified due to the lack of data availability. Hence, in this study, three different model configurations, viz., disregarding the presence of SMRs (M1), a statistically aggregated approach (M2), and a hybrid approach – a combination of statistically aggregated and a spatially explicit representation of SMRs (M3) in the increasing order of model complexity are considered. The objective of this research is to analyze how increased model complexity affects the model performance and its subsequent impact on the uncertainty of model parameters and water balance components. The findings reveal that the M3 configuration with the hybrid approach (KGE = 0.77) outperforms M1 (0.69) and M2 (0.68). In addition, the M3 configuration with increased model complexity results in an average uncertainty bandwidth score of 19.79 % (characterized by fixed and narrow bandwidth of parameters) when compared to M1 (42.91 %) and M2 (40.85 %). Finally, the analysis of water balance components reveals that although there is considerable variability in the surface runoff (SURQ), percolation (PERC), and base flow (GW Q) for all configurations, the water yield (WYLD) for M3 configuration alone had a narrow bandwidth. This is mainly because of the existence of very strong correlation between, SURQ vs PERC (r = −0.98), SURQ vs GW Q (r = −0.93), and PERC vs GW Q (r = 0.97) in the M3 configuration, indicating the strong impact of modelling the SMRs using a hybrid approach. This clearly demonstrates the importance of representing the SMRs appropriately within the river basin scale model, as it considerably reduces the uncertainty in the streamflow simulations due to better parameterization. This impacts the hydrologic process simulations and plays a vital role in the estimation of the water balance components. Overall, the improved representation of SMRs in the hydrologic model will help in formulating sustainable water management policies for informed decision-making.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":362,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hydrology","volume":"655 ","pages":"Article 132925"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143526951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Expanding scales: Achieving prediction of van Genuchten model hydraulic parameters in deep profiles by incorporating broad in situ soil information in pedotransfer functions","authors":"Yongping Tong ,&nbsp;Yunqiang Wang ,&nbsp;Jingxiong Zhou ,&nbsp;Xiangyu Guo ,&nbsp;Ting Wang ,&nbsp;Yuting Xu ,&nbsp;Hui Sun ,&nbsp;Pingping Zhang ,&nbsp;Zimin Li ,&nbsp;Ronny Lauerwald","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2025.132912","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2025.132912","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Soil hydraulic parameters (SHPs) are essential for evaluating soil ecosystem services. Yet direct measurements are costly, making pedotransfer functions (PTFs) a valuable alternative. Given the scale-dependent nature of soil hydrological processes and increasing importance of deep soil water cycling under global change, PTF research needs to be expanded both vertically and horizontally. Yellow River Basin (YRB) provides a representative region with its vast area (795,000 km²), strongly demanding accurate SHPs. Therefore, we conducted a field sampling at 475 sites up to 5 m depth across YRB, identifying the factors influencing deep SHPs, developing corresponding PTFs, and predicting SHP spatial distributions. Vertically, the heterogeneity of bulk density (BD), residual water content (<em>θr</em>), and shape parameter <em>n</em> of van Genuchten model increased generally, while that of shape parameter <em>α</em> decreased from 0 to 5 m. Horizontally, the order of variability was <em>α</em> &gt; <em>θr</em> &gt; <em>θs</em> &gt; <em>n</em> &gt; BD. Geostatistical analysis indicated moderate (BD, <em>θs</em>, and <em>n</em>) to strong (<em>θr</em>) spatial dependence above 1 m and strong dependence for all SHPs in deeper layers. Deep SHPs were primarily influenced by soil texture, organic carbon, depth, and topography. The new PTFs had higher accuracy than existing classical PTFs with R² ranging from 0.32 to 0.64 (except for <em>α</em>). This study developed the first set of PTFs for deep SHPs in YRB. The new PTFs with extended soil information further support the expansion of deep soil hydrological research, serving the soil and hydrological process quantification and regulation in YRB and similar regions globally.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":362,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hydrology","volume":"656 ","pages":"Article 132912"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143551902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Climatic factor-driven time-lag effects of extreme precipitation in the Tienshan Mountains of Central Asia","authors":"Yihan Wang ,&nbsp;Yaning Chen ,&nbsp;Zhi Li ,&nbsp;Gonghuan Fang ,&nbsp;Chuan Wang ,&nbsp;Xueqi Zhang ,&nbsp;Yupeng Li ,&nbsp;Yubo Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2025.132902","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2025.132902","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Global warming is disrupting the natural balance of ecosystems in the Tienshan Mountains of Central Asia (TMCA), leading to an increase in extreme precipitation (EP) events. However, the process of remote correlation between EP and climatic factors in the TMCA is not yet fully elucidated. This study employs partial correlation analysis, wavelet coherence and elastic net regression to explore the seasonal fluctuation characteristics of EP, systematically studies the spatio-temporal differentiation of temperature, water vapor content and teleconnection factors on the time-lag effect of EP, and evaluates the explanatory power of different influencing factors on the time-lag effect. Most EP indices were higher in summer and lower in winter during the study period (1951 to 2015). Furthermore, the time lag associated with temperature was shortest in spring (3-month lag), while that associated with water vapor content was shortest in summer (1-month lag). The Northern Hemisphere Subtropical High Intensity (NSI) and Solar Flux (SF) were the main drivers in both spring and summer, while the NINO B area sea surface temperature anomaly (NINOB) and the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) were significant in summer and autumn. In winter, the influences of AMO and SF were more widespread. The model’s explanatory power improved significantly after incorporating all factors affecting the time lag. These findings have important implications for analyzing the dynamic response process between EP and climatic factors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":362,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hydrology","volume":"654 ","pages":"Article 132902"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143479679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparing rainfall partitioning between leafed and leafless periods in an eastern Chinese subtropical deciduous forest: Insights from inter-event and intra-event scale analysis","authors":"Haixia Zhang ,&nbsp;Huawu Wu ,&nbsp;Aimin Liao ,&nbsp;Haohao Wu ,&nbsp;Yue Wang ,&nbsp;Jing Li ,&nbsp;Congsheng Fu","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2025.132942","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2025.132942","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rainfall partitioning by forest canopies plays a crucial role in the hydrological cycle of forest ecosystems, impacting soil moisture, evaporation, surface runoff, and groundwater recharge. While significant research has focused on rainfall partitioning dynamics at the inter-event scale, less is known about the dynamics and influential factors at the intra-event scale. This study compares rainfall partitioning dynamics and corresponding influencing rainfall characteristics in a subtropical deciduous forest between leafed and leafless periods. Tipping-buckets were used to monitor the throughfall and stemflow at 5-minute intervals, allowing rainfall partitioning dynamics to be analyzed at both inter-event and intra-event scales. At the inter-event scale, the leafed period had higher interception loss ratio (7.52 ± 6.0 % vs 2.9 ± 1.8 %) and lower stemflow ratio (13.1 ± 4.1 % vs 18.3 ± 1.6 %) compared to the leafless period. At the intra-event scale, throughfall initiated, peaked, and ended earlier than stemflow, and the intensity of throughfall was higher than that of stemflow and interception loss during both leafed and leafless periods. In contrast with the leafless period, the leafed period exhibited relatively higher values of lag time for throughfall or stemflow corresponding to rainfall, as well as higher intensities of throughfall, stemflow, and interception loss. Furthermore, negative interception loss ratio was detected at the intra-event scale, particularly during and after the rainfall peak, in contrast to the positive interception loss ratio at the inter-event scale. Regression analysis was conducted to examine the effects of rainfall factors (rainfall amount, duration and intensity) on rainfall partitioning, revealing that event gross precipitation was the primary factor determining throughfall, stemflow, and interception loss during both the leafed and leafless periods. Rainfall duration was positively correlated with throughfall, stemflow, and interception loss only during the leafed period, whereas rainfall intensity had a more significant positive impact on throughfall and stemflow during the leafless period. The lag times of the start of throughfall and stemflow relative to rainfall were significantly and negatively correlated with rainfall intensity in both periods. Conversely, the lag times for the end of throughfall and stemflow were significantly and positively correlated with event gross precipitation during the leafed period. These findings contribute to a more precise understanding of the hydrological processes in subtropical deciduous forests across different temporal scales.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":362,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hydrology","volume":"655 ","pages":"Article 132942"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143480259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}