Journal of Hydrology最新文献

{"title":"Plastic-lined ponds and eco-aquaculture systems had lower CO2 emissions than earthen aquaculture ponds","authors":"Min Lv, Zhinan Su, Guanglong Qiu, Kam W. Tang, Yan Hong, Yifei Zhang, Yingyi Chen, Jiafang Huang, Wanyi Zhu, Hong Yang, Ping Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2024.132601","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2024.132601","url":null,"abstract":"Aquaculture contributes to global CO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf> emission, but the intensity varies across different aquaculture systems. In this study, we compared the CO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf> emission between earthen aquaculture ponds (EAP), plastic-lined ponds (PLAP), and mangrove wetland eco-aquaculture systems (MWEAS) in the coastal region of the Guangxi Province, South China. Results showed that CO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf> emissions varied between −27.28 and 12.39 mg m<ce:sup loc=\"post\">−2</ce:sup>h<ce:sup loc=\"post\">−1</ce:sup> from PLAP and between −17.78 and 14.18 mg m<ce:sup loc=\"post\">−2</ce:sup>h<ce:sup loc=\"post\">−1</ce:sup> from MWEAS, both significantly lower than those from EAP (2.76 to 19.30 mg m<ce:sup loc=\"post\">−2</ce:sup>h<ce:sup loc=\"post\">−1</ce:sup>). The largest emission fluxes were observed during the growth stage of the farming period. On average, PLAP and MWEAS acted as CO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf> sinks, whereas EAP acted as a source, and Chlorophyll-<ce:italic>a</ce:italic>, phosphorus and carbon substrates were the main environmental factors influencing the variation in CO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf> emissions. The overall average CO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf> emission flux from our aquaculture ponds was 2.54 ± 1.11 mg m<ce:sup loc=\"post\">−2</ce:sup>h<ce:sup loc=\"post\">−1</ce:sup>, which was much lower than those observed in freshwater and brackish coastal aquaculture ponds, but higher than certain high-salinity aquaculture environments. In summary, enhancing water salinity levels and encouraging the adoption of plastic liners alongside ecological aquaculture systems could serve as effective strategies for mitigating CO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf> emissions in coastal aquaculture.","PeriodicalId":362,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hydrology","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142929769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"City scale urban flooding risk assessment using multi-source data and machine learning approach","authors":"Qing Wei, Huijin Zhang, Yongqi Chen, Yifan Xie, Hailong Yin, Zuxin Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2024.132626","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2024.132626","url":null,"abstract":"With the frequent occurrence of extreme rainfall and the acceleration of urbanization, the issue of urban flooding worldwide has gained increasing prominence. City scale flooding risk assessment is critical for urban safety and renovation, yet faces challenges such as data complexity, accuracy and interpretability. In this study, a machine learning approach incorporated with multi-source big data was developed to perform a city-scale urban flooding assessment. The developed approach was demonstrated in China’s largest city of Shanghai. Five ensemble learning models including categorical boosting (CatBoost), extreme gradient boosting, random forest, light gradient boosting machine and adaptive boosting, were employed for establishing the relationship among a variety of geological, natural, social-economical factors and urban flooding events. It was found that all the ensemble learning models achieved prediction reliability of over 80% for the city-scale flooding events; specially, the CatBoost model had the relatively best performance, offering 95% prediction of the actual flooding events. With the CatBoost model, Shapley additive explanations, partial dependency plot and individual conditional expectation plot were further employed to probe the quantitative effects of a variety of factors on urban flooding. It was revealed that areas with higher road network density, slighter topography gradient, closer distance to rivers, higher gross domestic product and population density are more prone to urban flooding. Further, city-scale risk map was generated, showing downtown areas exhibits higher flooding risk than the suburban areas. Therefore, urban flooding prevention strategies were provided.","PeriodicalId":362,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hydrology","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142929766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A first evaluation of satellite soil moisture products over the Central-Western Tibetan Plateau using rain gauge observations","authors":"Cheng Huang, Long Zhao, Yingying Chen, Jinyan Chen, Kun Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2024.132617","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2024.132617","url":null,"abstract":"Soil moisture plays a key role in regulating water and energy cycle in the Tibetan Plateau, which further impacts regional climate. However, the quality of existing soil moisture products over the central to west TP (CWTP) remains unclear due to the lack of in-situ observations. Using rain gauge data from a recently established rainfall network in the CWTP region and by checking the hydrological consistency between surface soil moisture and precipitation, this study performed a first evaluation of several satellite soil moisture products, including those from the Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP), the European Space Agency Climate Change Initiative (ESA CCI), and the artificial neural network reproduced AMSR-E/2 retrievals (NNsm) in this area. Results show that: (1) both descending and ascending orbits of the SMAP product generally outperform ESA CCI and NNsm, with more robust hydrological consistency across all rain gauge stations; (2) ESA CCI is subjected to low availability of effective retrievals in this area, with the combined one performs slightly more robust than the active and passive channels; and (3) NNsm possesses the most effective soil moisture retrievals owing to less revisit time of AMSR2, but its hydrological consistency is the lowest as compared to the other two products. Further analysis suggests that large topography and dense vegetation can potentially impact the retrieval accuracy of surface soil moisture and thus hydrological consistency. Besides, relatively large amounts of rainfall is likely to impose more positive increments in surface soil moisture, whereas extremely heavy rainfall may further degrade hydrological consistency. These findings are complementary to existing soil moisture evaluations in the eastern TP, and are expected to contribute to improving soil moisture retrieval algorithms and understanding land–atmosphere interactions over the entire plateau.","PeriodicalId":362,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hydrology","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142929729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A review of synchronization of extreme precipitation events in monsoons from complex network perspective","authors":"Kevin K.W. Cheung, Ugur Ozturk, Nishant Malik, Ankit Agarwal, Raghavan Krishnan, Balaji Rajagopalan","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2024.132604","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2024.132604","url":null,"abstract":"Monsoon precipitation is the critical source of freshwater for some of the world’s most densely populated areas, yet extreme precipitation events in these regions present significant risks, including devastating floods and damage to agriculture and infrastructure. Recent events, such as the severe flooding and landslides during the 2023 North India monsoon and the 2022 Pakistan floods,<ce:cross-ref ref><ce:sup loc=\"post\">1</ce:sup></ce:cross-ref><ce:footnote><ce:label>1</ce:label><ce:note-para view=\"all\">For example, <ce:inter-ref xlink:href=\"https://foreignpolicy.com/2022/09/01/pakistan-flooding-crisis-climate-change-governance/\" xlink:type=\"simple\">https://foreignpolicy.com/2022/09/01/pakistan-flooding-crisis-climate-change-governance/</ce:inter-ref> and <ce:inter-ref xlink:href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/jul/10/india-floods-new-delhi-rain-record-deaths\" xlink:type=\"simple\">https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/jul/10/india-floods-new-delhi-rain-record-deaths</ce:inter-ref> (last assessed 30 September 2024).</ce:note-para></ce:footnote> underscore the pressing need to better understand and predict these hazards. While the science of monsoons has been studied for decades, with theories centered on global dynamics and moist energy budgets to explain the zonal mean state of monsoon and factors leading to regional differences, one key theme of all these analyses is the spatiotemporal variability of rainfall from the dry to wet seasons. A key challenge is understanding and predicting extreme rainfall incidents during monsoon seasons to help mitigate dire undesired consequences.","PeriodicalId":362,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hydrology","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142929730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimating maize root zone soil moisture by assimilating high spatiotemporal resolution optical and radar remote sensing into the WOFOST-HYDRUS coupled model","authors":"Lei Li, Xiaofeng Li, Xingming Zheng, Hanyu Ju, Xiaojie Li, Tao Jiang, Xiangkun Wan","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2024.132618","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2024.132618","url":null,"abstract":"Root zone soil moisture (RZSM) has important applications in agricultural water resource management, drought monitoring and warning. Previous studies primarily assimilated one type of satellite data or data with coarse resolution; therefore, RZSM accuracy estimation by their methods was limited. This study builds a framework to couple crop and hydrology models through daily dynamic parameter transfers to estimate the RZSM per centimeter throughout the crop growing season. In the coupled framework, surface soil moisture (SSM) and leaf area index (LAI) were derived from high spatial resolution Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 data with average root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.054 cm<ce:sup loc=\"post\">3</ce:sup>/cm<ce:sup loc=\"post\">3</ce:sup> and 0.40 m<ce:sup loc=\"post\">2</ce:sup>/m<ce:sup loc=\"post\">2</ce:sup> respectively. The high-frequency (∼7 d) estimated SSM and LAI were assimilated into the coupled model using the ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) method, and the results of the single-sensor (SSM or LAI) and dual-sensor (SSM and LAI) assimilations were compared with in-situ observations. Four RZSM estimation results were compared with the field observations; the RZSM<ce:inf loc=\"post\">WOHY</ce:inf> (WOHY: World Food Studies (WOFOST) and HYDRUS-1D coupled model), RZSM<ce:inf loc=\"post\">WOHY_LAI</ce:inf> (WOHY assimilate LAI), RZSM<ce:inf loc=\"post\">WOHY_SM</ce:inf> (WOHY assimilate SSM), and the RZSM<ce:inf loc=\"post\">WOHY_SM_LAI</ce:inf> (WOHY assimilate SSM and LAI). RZSM<ce:inf loc=\"post\">WOHY_SM_LAI</ce:inf> had the highest accuracy among the three assimilation strategies and WOHY, with the lowest unbiased RMSEs (ubRMSE) of 0.050 cm<ce:sup loc=\"post\">3</ce:sup>/cm<ce:sup loc=\"post\">3</ce:sup>, 0.050 cm<ce:sup loc=\"post\">3</ce:sup>/cm<ce:sup loc=\"post\">3</ce:sup>, and 0.060 cm<ce:sup loc=\"post\">3</ce:sup>/cm<ce:sup loc=\"post\">3</ce:sup> and high correlations of 0.63, 0.50, and 0.57 for 5, 10, and 60 cm soil depths, respectively. The results highlight that the framework can accurately capture vegetation growth processes and soil moisture dynamics in the root zone, providing data and methodological support for efficient water resource utilization and precision agriculture.","PeriodicalId":362,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hydrology","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142929771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Accumulation and permeability characteristics of inverse grading deposit in high-speed and long-distance landslide","authors":"Xianze Cui, Yakai Xu, Huahua Zhang, Yong Fan, Guangdong Yang, Shengyong Ding","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2024.132620","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2024.132620","url":null,"abstract":"Earthquakes and other disasters can lead to the formation of a large number of inverse grading landslide deposits, which can cause secondary disasters such as landslides and debris flows under rainfall conditions. It is of great value to study the accumulation and permeability characteristics of the landslide deposits in order to reduce the risk of piping and slumping. This paper classifies and statistically analyzes the accumulation characteristics of typical high-speed and long-distance landslides inverse grading deposits around the world, and obtains their layered accumulation characteristics. On this basis, an experiment was conducted to investigate the permeability characteristics of inverse grading stacking structures, considering the factors of seepage time, fine particle content, and discontinuous gradation. The results indicate that the inverse grading deposits can be classified into three distinct layers, i.e., carapace, body facies, and basal facies. The cumulative distribution curve of particles is shifted from the left to the right, with the content of coarse particles rising in a sequential manner, with no crossover between the curves. The slope of each layer is distinct, and the phenomenon of particle size reduction occurs. It was found that the permeability coefficient varied with seepage time and was negative exponential correlation and closely related to fine particle content. When the content of fine particles in the basal facies is less than 40%, the permeability coefficient of the body facies and the carapace increases by up to 21.4 % with time. Conversely, they all begin to decline over time, with decreases of up to 50% or more. In the context of discontinuous gradation, the sensitivity of the permeability coefficient to the time factor is positively correlated with the fine particle content, exhibiting a discontinuous range of up to 7.01 times. Regression analysis indicates that the permeability coefficient of the inverse grading deposits is highly linearly correlated with the mean particle size and exhibits a negative exponential correlation with the uniformity coefficient.","PeriodicalId":362,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hydrology","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142929728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reduced-order Monte Carlo simulation framework for groundwater flow in randomly heterogeneous composite transmissivity fields","authors":"Chuan-An Xia, Hao Wang, Wenbin Jian, Monica Riva, Alberto Guadagnini","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2024.132593","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2024.132593","url":null,"abstract":"We develop a reduced-order modeling strategy aimed at providing numerical Monte Carlo simulations of groundwater flow in randomly heterogeneous transmissivity fields. We rely on moment equations for groundwater flow and conduct space reductions for both transmissivity, <ce:italic>T</ce:italic>, and hydraulic head, <ce:italic>h</ce:italic>. A truncated singular value decomposition (SVD) solver is employed to cope with the ill-conditioned stiffness matrix caused by (negative and thus) unphysical values of <ce:italic>T</ce:italic> that might arise due to possible low accuracy stemming from the order of model reduction. The performance of the approach is assessed through the analysis of various synthetic reference scenarios. These encompass diverse degrees of heterogeneity of the transmissivity field and various values of reduced-order dimensions, <ce:italic>n</ce:italic> and <ce:italic>m</ce:italic>, associated with <ce:italic>h</ce:italic> and <ce:italic>T</ce:italic>, respectively. Transmissivity is conceptualized as a composite (spatial) random field where there is uncertainty in the locations of regions associated with diverse geomaterials as well as in the heterogeneity of transmissivity therein. Our results are also compared against their counterparts that one could obtain upon performing a model reduction solely on the basis of hydraulic heads. Our findings show that: (<ce:italic>i</ce:italic>) resting on the truncated SVD solver is beneficial for coping with ill-conditioned stiffness matrices; (<ce:italic>ii</ce:italic>) the two model reduction strategies provide comparable solution accuracy for <ce:italic>m</ce:italic> ≥ 5<ce:italic>n</ce:italic>, while (<ce:italic>iii</ce:italic>) the computational cost associated with the reduced-order model based on space reduction for both <ce:italic>T</ce:italic> and <ce:italic>h</ce:italic> is always significantly smaller than that associated with space reduction based solely on <ce:italic>h</ce:italic>.","PeriodicalId":362,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hydrology","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142929731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of vegetation vulnerability in floodplain wetlands: A perspective from carryover effect of seasonal growth under various extreme hydrological scenarios","authors":"Ge Hong, Xin Xie, Chuandong Tan, Siyi Liang, Xiujiao Hu, Xuefei Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2024.132622","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2024.132622","url":null,"abstract":"Floodplain wetlands, which are critical for ecosystem health and human well-being, are increasingly threatened by intensified hydrological variability and extreme hydrological events. However, it remains unclear how floodplain wetlands respond to these hydrological changes. Here, from the perspective of both endogenous and exogenous memory of vegetation, we explored the response of Poyang Lake Wetland (PYLW) to multi-timescale hydrological dynamics. First, we applied a dynamic threshold method to extract land surface phenology from 2011 to 2020, subdividing the year into four sub-seasons. Next, based on wetland vegetation mapping, the Carnegie-Ames-Stanford Approach (CASA) was used to simulate monthly net primary productivity (NPP). Then, with the NPP and inundation frequency time-series data, we assessed the time-lagged and cumulative response of PYLW vegetation to hydrological variability (exogenous memory) through Pearson rank correlation analysis. Subsequently, we employed partial correlation analysis, with the control of critical temporal hydrological variability, to evaluate the seasonal vegetation growth carryover (VGC) effect (endogenous memory). Finally, we proposed to use the seasonal VGC effect for modelling vegetation vulnerability under various extreme hydrological scenarios. The results reveal that the time-lagged and cumulative effects of hydrological variability on vegetation growth in PYLW reached the peak averagely after 6.51 and 7.08 months, respectively. The extreme hydrological scenarios in PYLW were categorized into three types of flood-only, flood-after-drought, and flood-before-drought. In the flood-after-drought scenario, vegetation generally showed high vulnerability, and the most vulnerable vegetation type varied across different scenarios. Our findings provide effective support for vegetation restoration, hydrological management, and biodiversity conservation in floodplains.","PeriodicalId":362,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hydrology","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142929770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cumulative impact of human activities on hydro-sediment dynamics and morphodynamics in the highly altered Yangtze Estuary","authors":"Xiangju Han, Daidu Fan, Ju Huang, Junbiao Tu, Lingpeng Meng, Shenliang Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2024.132625","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2024.132625","url":null,"abstract":"Estuarine dynamics is influenced not only by upstream human activities but also significantly by large-scale estuarine engineering projects (LSEPs). In recent decades, multiple LSEPs have been constructed in the Yangtze Estuary, and the impacts of single project have been well studied, but their cumulative impacts remain elusive. This study investigates Yangtze Estuary morphological changes from 1958 to 2020 by chart bathymetric data. Results reveal a shift from rapid accretion (1958–1983) to moderate accretion (1983–2011), and then to moderate erosion (2011–2020), almost coeval with declining fluvial sediment discharge in response to the upstream human disturbances. Moreover, increasing LSEPs have complexified estuarine erosion and deposition patterns over local to regional scales in the past two decades.","PeriodicalId":362,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hydrology","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142889048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contaminant transport through the heterogeneous GCL/SL composite liner: Experimental and analytical studies","authors":"Yanghui Shi, Haijian Xie, Hao Ding, Liang Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2024.132607","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2024.132607","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes an analytical solution of two-dimensional mobile-immobile model (MIM) for contaminant transport through a composite liner including a geosynthetic clay liner (GCL) and a soil liner (SL). The effects of the soil heterogeneity and non-uniform contaminant distribution in the leachate on contaminant transport are taken into consideration. A cylindrical tank experiment and a numerical approach are conducted to verify the accuracy of the solution. The effects of the contaminant source distribution, flow conditions, composite liner properties and mass exchange on contaminant transport are illustrated. The results show that the mass exchange between the mobile and immobile regions and the contaminant distribution can significantly influence the contaminant transport in the composite liner. Additionally, the performance of the composite liner can be improved with the decrease of the volumetric water content of mobile region (<ce:italic>θ<ce:inf loc=\"post\">m</ce:inf></ce:italic>) when <ce:italic>θ<ce:inf loc=\"post\">m</ce:inf></ce:italic> ≤ 0.3. This is mainly because the contaminant transport will be slowed down as the hydraulic conductivity of the SL decreases with the decrease of the <ce:italic>θ<ce:inf loc=\"post\">m</ce:inf></ce:italic>. Moreover, the variations of <ce:italic>θ<ce:inf loc=\"post\">m</ce:inf></ce:italic> and standard deviation of contaminant distribution pose the relatively more significant effect on the contaminant transport compared with other parameters in the early time (<ce:italic>t</ce:italic> &lt; 13.5 years) and later time (<ce:italic>t</ce:italic> &gt; 15 years), respectively. The proposed analytical solution can provide a more accurate prediction for the performance of the composite liner and offer advice for the design of the landfill barrier system.","PeriodicalId":362,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hydrology","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142889049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}