JAMIA Open最新文献

{"title":"Hospitals' electronic access to information needed to treat COVID-19.","authors":"Chelsea Richwine, Jordan Everson, Vaishali Patel","doi":"10.1093/jamiaopen/ooad103","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jamiaopen/ooad103","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To understand whether hospitals had electronic access to information needed to treat COVID-19 patients and identify factors contributing to differences in information availability.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Using 2021 data from the American Hospital Association IT Supplement, we produced national estimates on the electronic availability of information needed to treat COVID-19 at US non-federal acute care hospitals (<i>N</i> = 1976) and assessed differences in information availability by hospital characteristics and engagement in interoperable exchange.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In 2021, 38% of hospitals electronically received information needed to effectively treat COVID-19 patients. Information availability was significantly higher among higher-resourced hospitals and those engaged in interoperable exchange (44%) compared to their counterparts. In adjusted analyses, hospitals engaged in interoperable exchange were 140% more likely to receive needed information electronically compared to those not engaged in exchange (relative risk [RR]=2.40, 95% CI, 1.82-3.17, <i>P</i><.001). System member hospitals (RR = 1.62, 95% CI, 1.36-1.92, <i>P</i><.001) and major teaching hospitals (RR = 1.35, 95% CI, 1.10-1.64, <i>P</i>=.004) were more likely to have information available; for-profit hospitals (RR = 0.14, 95% CI, 0.08-0.24, <i>P</i><.001) and hospitals in high social deprivation areas (RR = 0.83, 95% CI, 0.71-0.98, <i>P</i> = .02) were less likely to have information available.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Despite high rates of hospitals' engagement in interoperable exchange, hospitals' electronic access to information needed to support the care of COVID-19 patients was limited.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Limited electronic access to patient information from outside sources may impede hospitals' ability to effectively treat COVID-19 and support patient care during public health emergencies.</p>","PeriodicalId":36278,"journal":{"name":"JAMIA Open","volume":"6 4","pages":"ooad103"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10684259/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138463161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the impact of alternative phenotype definitions on incidence rates across a global data network.","authors":"Rupa Makadia, Azza Shoaibi, Gowtham A Rao, Anna Ostropolets, Peter R Rijnbeek, Erica A Voss, Talita Duarte-Salles, Juan Manuel Ramírez-Anguita, Miguel A Mayer, Filip Maljković, Spiros Denaxas, Fredrik Nyberg, Vaclav Papez, Anthony G Sena, Thamir M Alshammari, Lana Y H Lai, Kevin Haynes, Marc A Suchard, George Hripcsak, Patrick B Ryan","doi":"10.1093/jamiaopen/ooad096","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jamiaopen/ooad096","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Developing accurate phenotype definitions is critical in obtaining reliable and reproducible background rates in safety research. This study aims to illustrate the differences in background incidence rates by comparing definitions for a given outcome.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>We used 16 data sources to systematically generate and evaluate outcomes for 13 adverse events and their overall background rates. We examined the effect of different modifications (inpatient setting, standardization of code set, and code set changes) to the computable phenotype on background incidence rates.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Rate ratios (RRs) of the incidence rates from each computable phenotype definition varied across outcomes, with inpatient restriction showing the highest variation from 1 to 11.93. Standardization of code set RRs ranges from 1 to 1.64, and code set changes range from 1 to 2.52.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The modification that has the highest impact is requiring inpatient place of service, leading to at least a 2-fold higher incidence rate in the base definition. Standardization showed almost no change when using source code variations. The strength of the effect in the inpatient restriction is highly dependent on the outcome. Changing definitions from broad to narrow showed the most variability by age/gender/database across phenotypes and less than a 2-fold increase in rate compared to the base definition.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Characterization of outcomes across a network of databases yields insights into sensitivity and specificity trade-offs when definitions are altered. Outcomes should be thoroughly evaluated prior to use for background rates for their plausibility for use across a global network.</p>","PeriodicalId":36278,"journal":{"name":"JAMIA Open","volume":"6 4","pages":"ooad096"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10662662/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138463160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Implementation and evaluation of an electronic health record-integrated app for postpartum monitoring of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy using patient-contributed data collection.","authors":"Prashila Dullabh, Krysta K Heaney-Huls, Andrew B Chiao, Melissa G Callaham, Priyanka Desai, Nicole A Gauthreaux, Nitu Kashyap, David F Lobach, Aziz Boxwala","doi":"10.1093/jamiaopen/ooad098","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jamiaopen/ooad098","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Remote monitoring of women experiencing hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) can provide timely life-saving data, particularly if these data are integrated into existing patient and clinical workflows. This pilot intervention of a smartphone application (app) for postpartum monitoring of hypertensive disorders integrates patient-contributed data into electronic health records (EHRs) to support monitoring and clinical decision-making. Results from the evaluation of the pilot highlight the resources needed when implementing the app, challenges for integrating an app into the EHR, and the usability and utility of the HDP monitoring app for patient and clinician users. The implementation team's key observations included the importance of a local clinical champion, more robust patient involvement and support for the remote patient monitoring program, an impetus for EHR developers to adopt data integration standards, and a need to expand the capabilities of the standards to support interventions using patient-contributed data.</p>","PeriodicalId":36278,"journal":{"name":"JAMIA Open","volume":"6 4","pages":"ooad098"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10646567/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138463163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Normalization of drug and therapeutic concepts with Thera-Py.","authors":"Matthew Cannon, James Stevenson, Kori Kuzma, Susanna Kiwala, Jeremy L Warner, Obi L Griffith, Malachi Griffith, Alex H Wagner","doi":"10.1093/jamiaopen/ooad093","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jamiaopen/ooad093","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The diversity of nomenclature and naming strategies makes therapeutic terminology difficult to manage and harmonize. As the number and complexity of available therapeutic ontologies continues to increase, the need for harmonized cross-resource mappings is becoming increasingly apparent. This study creates harmonized concept mappings that enable the linking together of like-concepts despite source-dependent differences in data structure or semantic representation.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>For this study, we created Thera-Py, a Python package and web API that constructs searchable concepts for drugs and therapeutic terminologies using 9 public resources and thesauri. By using a directed graph approach, Thera-Py captures commonly used aliases, trade names, annotations, and associations for any given therapeutic and combines them under a single concept record.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We highlight the creation of 16 069 unique merged therapeutic concepts from 9 distinct sources using Thera-Py and observe an increase in overlap of therapeutic concepts in 2 or more knowledge bases after harmonization using Thera-Py (9.8%-41.8%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We observe that Thera-Py tends to normalize therapeutic concepts to their underlying active ingredients (excluding nondrug therapeutics, eg, radiation therapy, biologics), and unifies all available descriptors regardless of ontological origin.</p>","PeriodicalId":36278,"journal":{"name":"JAMIA Open","volume":"6 4","pages":"ooad093"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10637840/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89719861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Creation of a data commons for substance misuse related health research through privacy-preserving patient record linkage between hospitals and state agencies.","authors":"Majid Afshar, Madeline Oguss, Thomas A Callaci, Timothy Gruenloh, Preeti Gupta, Claire Sun, Askar Safipour Afshar, Joseph Cavanaugh, Matthew M Churpek, Edwin Nyakoe-Nyasani, Huong Nguyen-Hilfiger, Ryan Westergaard, Elizabeth Salisbury-Afshar, Megan Gussick, Brian Patterson, Claire Manneh, Jomol Mathew, Anoop Mayampurath","doi":"10.1093/jamiaopen/ooad092","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jamiaopen/ooad092","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Substance misuse is a complex and heterogeneous set of conditions associated with high mortality and regional/demographic variations. Existing data systems are siloed and have been ineffective in curtailing the substance misuse epidemic. Therefore, we aimed to build a novel informatics platform, the Substance Misuse Data Commons (SMDC), by integrating multiple data modalities to provide a unified record of information crucial to improving outcomes in substance misuse patients.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The SMDC was created by linking electronic health record (EHR) data from adult cases of substance (alcohol, opioid, nonopioid drug) misuse at the University of Wisconsin hospitals to socioeconomic and state agency data. To ensure private and secure data exchange, Privacy-Preserving Record Linkage (PPRL) and Honest Broker services were utilized. The overlap in mortality reporting among the EHR, state Vital Statistics, and a commercial national data source was assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The SMDC included data from 36 522 patients experiencing 62 594 healthcare encounters. Over half of patients were linked to the statewide ambulance database and prescription drug monitoring program. Chronic diseases accounted for most underlying causes of death, while drug-related overdoses constituted 8%. Our analysis of mortality revealed a 49.1% overlap across the 3 data sources. Nonoverlapping deaths were associated with poor socioeconomic indicators.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Through PPRL, the SMDC enabled the longitudinal integration of multimodal data. Combining death data from local, state, and national sources enhanced mortality tracking and exposed disparities.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The SMDC provides a comprehensive resource for clinical providers and policymakers to inform interventions targeting substance misuse-related hospitalizations, overdoses, and death.</p>","PeriodicalId":36278,"journal":{"name":"JAMIA Open","volume":"6 4","pages":"ooad092"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10629613/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71522848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using machine learning to improve anaphylaxis case identification in medical claims data.","authors":"Kamil Can Kural, Ilya Mazo, Mark Walderhaug, Luis Santana-Quintero, Konstantinos Karagiannis, Elaine E Thompson, Jeffrey A Kelman, Ravi Goud","doi":"10.1093/jamiaopen/ooad090","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jamiaopen/ooad090","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Anaphylaxis is a severe life-threatening allergic reaction, and its accurate identification in healthcare databases can harness the potential of \"Big Data\" for healthcare or public health purposes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study used claims data obtained between October 1, 2015 and February 28, 2019 from the CMS database to examine the utility of machine learning in identifying incident anaphylaxis cases. We created a feature selection pipeline to identify critical features between different datasets. Then a variety of unsupervised and supervised methods were used (eg, Sammon mapping and eXtreme Gradient Boosting) to train models on datasets of differing data quality, which reflects the varying availability and potential rarity of ground truth data in medical databases.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Resulting machine learning model accuracies ranged between 47.7% and 94.4% when tested on ground truth data. Finally, we found new features to help experts enhance existing case-finding algorithms.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Developing precise algorithms to detect medical outcomes in claims can be a laborious and expensive process, particularly for conditions presented and coded diversely. We found it beneficial to filter out highly potent codes used for data curation to identify underlying patterns and features. To improve rule-based algorithms where necessary, researchers could use model explainers to determine noteworthy features, which could then be shared with experts and included in the algorithm.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our work suggests machine learning models can perform at similar levels as a previously published expert case-finding algorithm, while also having the potential to improve performance or streamline algorithm construction processes by identifying new relevant features for algorithm construction.</p>","PeriodicalId":36278,"journal":{"name":"JAMIA Open","volume":"6 4","pages":"ooad090"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10611436/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71414454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and application of pharmacological statin-associated muscle symptoms phenotyping algorithms using structured and unstructured electronic health records data.","authors":"Boguang Sun, Pui Ying Yew, Chih-Lin Chi, Meijia Song, Matt Loth, Rui Zhang, Robert J Straka","doi":"10.1093/jamiaopen/ooad087","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jamiaopen/ooad087","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Importance: </strong>Statins are widely prescribed cholesterol-lowering medications in the United States, but their clinical benefits can be diminished by statin-associated muscle symptoms (SAMS), leading to discontinuation.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>In this study, we aimed to develop and validate a pharmacological SAMS clinical phenotyping algorithm using electronic health records (EHRs) data from Minnesota Fairview.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>We retrieved structured and unstructured EHR data of statin users and manually ascertained a gold standard set of SAMS cases and controls using the published SAMS-Clinical Index tool from clinical notes in 200 patients. We developed machine learning algorithms and rule-based algorithms that incorporated various criteria, including ICD codes, statin allergy, creatine kinase elevation, and keyword mentions in clinical notes. We applied the best-performing algorithm to the statin cohort to identify SAMS.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We identified 16 889 patients who started statins in the Fairview EHR system from 2010 to 2020. The combined rule-based (CRB) algorithm, which utilized both clinical notes and structured data criteria, achieved similar performance compared to machine learning algorithms with a precision of 0.85, recall of 0.71, and F1 score of 0.77 against the gold standard set. Applying the CRB algorithm to the statin cohort, we identified the pharmacological SAMS prevalence to be 1.9% and selective risk factors which included female gender, coronary artery disease, hypothyroidism, and use of immunosuppressants or fibrates.</p><p><strong>Discussion and conclusion: </strong>Our study developed and validated a simple pharmacological SAMS phenotyping algorithm that can be used to create SAMS case/control cohort to enable further analysis which can lead to the development of a SAMS risk prediction model.</p>","PeriodicalId":36278,"journal":{"name":"JAMIA Open","volume":"6 4","pages":"ooad087"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/de/c5/ooad087.PMC10597587.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50163081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Black American women's attitudes toward seeking mental health services and use of mobile technology to support the management of anxiety.","authors":"Terika McCall, Meagan Foster, Holly R Tomlin, Todd A Schwartz","doi":"10.1093/jamiaopen/ooad088","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jamiaopen/ooad088","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to understand Black American women's attitudes toward seeking mental health services and using mobile technology to receive support for managing anxiety.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A self-administered web-based questionnaire was launched in October 2019 and closed in January 2020. Women who identified as Black/African American were eligible to participate. The survey consisted of approximately 70 questions and covered topics such as, attitudes toward seeking professional psychological help, acceptability of using a mobile phone to receive mental health care, and screening for anxiety.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The findings of the study (<i>N</i> = 395) showed that younger Black women were more likely to have greater severity of anxiety than their older counterparts. Respondents were most comfortable with the use of a voice call or video call to communicate with a professional to receive support to manage anxiety in comparison to text messaging or mobile app. Younger age, higher income, and greater scores for psychological openness and help-seeking propensity increased odds of indicating agreement with using mobile technology to communicate with a professional. Black women in the Southern region of the United States had twice the odds of agreeing to the use of mobile apps than women in the Midwest and Northeast regions.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Black American women, in general, have favorable views toward the use of mobile technology to receive support to manage anxiety.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Preferences and cultural appropriateness of resources should be assessed on an individual basis to increase likelihood of adoption and engagement with digital mental health interventions for management of anxiety.</p>","PeriodicalId":36278,"journal":{"name":"JAMIA Open","volume":"6 4","pages":"ooad088"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10582519/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49683052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Medical Informatics Operating Room Vitals and Events Repository (MOVER): a public-access operating room database.","authors":"Muntaha Samad, Mirana Angel, Joseph Rinehart, Yuzo Kanomata, Pierre Baldi, Maxime Cannesson","doi":"10.1093/jamiaopen/ooad084","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jamiaopen/ooad084","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Artificial intelligence (AI) holds great promise for transforming the healthcare industry. However, despite its potential, AI is yet to see widespread deployment in clinical settings in significant part due to the lack of publicly available clinical data and the lack of transparency in the published AI algorithms. There are few clinical data repositories publicly accessible to researchers to train and test AI algorithms, and even fewer that contain specialized data from the perioperative setting. To address this gap, we present and release the Medical Informatics Operating Room Vitals and Events Repository (MOVER).</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This first release of MOVER includes adult patients who underwent surgery at the University of California, Irvine Medical Center from 2015 to 2022. Data for patients who underwent surgery were captured from 2 different sources: High-fidelity physiological waveforms from all of the operating rooms were captured in real time and matched with electronic medical record data.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>MOVER includes data from 58 799 unique patients and 83 468 surgeries. MOVER is available for download at https://doi.org/10.24432/C5VS5G, it can be downloaded by anyone who signs a data usage agreement (DUA), to restrict traffic to legitimate researchers.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>To the best of our knowledge MOVER is the only freely available public data repository that contains electronic health record and high-fidelity physiological waveforms data for patients undergoing surgery.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>MOVER is freely available to all researchers who sign a DUA, and we hope that it will accelerate the integration of AI into healthcare settings, ultimately leading to improved patient outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":36278,"journal":{"name":"JAMIA Open","volume":"6 4","pages":"ooad084"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10582520/pdf/ooad084.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49683054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sequential autoencoders for feature engineering and pretraining in major depressive disorder risk prediction.","authors":"Barrett W Jones, Warren D Taylor, Colin G Walsh","doi":"10.1093/jamiaopen/ooad086","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jamiaopen/ooad086","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>We evaluated autoencoders as a feature engineering and pretraining technique to improve major depressive disorder (MDD) prognostic risk prediction. Autoencoders can represent temporal feature relationships not identified by aggregate features. The predictive performance of autoencoders of multiple sequential structures was evaluated as feature engineering and pretraining strategies on an array of prediction tasks and compared to a restricted Boltzmann machine (RBM) and random forests as a benchmark.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>We study MDD patients from Vanderbilt University Medical Center. Autoencoder models with Attention and long-short-term memory (LSTM) layers were trained to create latent representations of the input data. Predictive performance was evaluated temporally by fitting random forest models to predict future outcomes with engineered features as input and using autoencoder weights to initialize neural network layers. We evaluated area under the precision-recall curve (AUPRC) trends and variation over the study population's treatment course.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The pretrained LSTM model improved predictive performance over pretrained Attention models and benchmarks in 3 of 4 outcomes including self-harm/suicide attempt (AUPRCs, LSTM pretrained = 0.012, Attention pretrained = 0.010, RBM = 0.009, random forest = 0.005). The use of autoencoders for feature engineering had varied results, with benchmarks outperforming LSTM and Attention encodings on the self-harm/suicide attempt outcome (AUPRCs, LSTM encodings = 0.003, Attention encodings = 0.004, RBM = 0.009, random forest = 0.005).</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Improvement in prediction resulting from pretraining has the potential for increased clinical impact of MDD risk models. We did not find evidence that the use of temporal feature encodings was additive to predictive performance in the study population. This suggests that predictive information retained by model weights may be lost during encoding. LSTM pretrained model predictive performance is shown to be clinically useful and improves over state-of-the-art predictors in the MDD phenotype. LSTM model performance warrants consideration of use in future related studies.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>LSTM models with pretrained weights from autoencoders were able to outperform the benchmark and a pretrained Attention model. Future researchers developing risk models in MDD may benefit from the use of LSTM autoencoder pretrained weights.</p>","PeriodicalId":36278,"journal":{"name":"JAMIA Open","volume":"6 4","pages":"ooad086"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10561992/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41214963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}