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Screening and identifying natural products with SARS-CoV-2 infection inhibitory activity from medicinal fungi 从药用真菌中筛选和鉴定具有 SARS-CoV-2 感染抑制活性的天然产物
Biosafety and Health Pub Date : 2024-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.bsheal.2023.12.006
Shuang Zhao , Amelia Siqi Huang , Weibo Zhang , Lili Ren , Hexiang Wang , Jianbin Wang , Xinyang Shao , Guanbo Wang
{"title":"Screening and identifying natural products with SARS-CoV-2 infection inhibitory activity from medicinal fungi","authors":"Shuang Zhao ,&nbsp;Amelia Siqi Huang ,&nbsp;Weibo Zhang ,&nbsp;Lili Ren ,&nbsp;Hexiang Wang ,&nbsp;Jianbin Wang ,&nbsp;Xinyang Shao ,&nbsp;Guanbo Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.bsheal.2023.12.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bsheal.2023.12.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19), a global pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), can result in severe health complications. In addition to physical preventative measures, pharmaceutical intervention is also crucial. Numerous natural products from medicinal fungi have shown promise as potential antiviral drugs and may serve as a source of effective components with antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 and other coronaviruses. In this study, we developed a workflow that integrates viral infection inhibition assays at both cellular and molecular levels, as well as molecular separation and characterization, to screen and identify natural products with antiviral activity. Using this workflow, we screened 167 extracts extracted from 36 medicinal fungi using optimized extraction methods. We assessed the antiviral effects of these extracts by measuring their ability to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 infection and receptor binding domain - human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (RBD-hACE2) binding <em>in vitro</em>. Following charge- and size-based characterization of the active compounds through filtration and chromatographic fractionation, mass spectrometry characterization of the fractionated compounds revealed that the active components are polysaccharides and determined their monosaccharide residue composition. Our findings provide new insights into the antiviral potential of natural products and their screening strategies and may contribute to the development of effective antiviral therapeutics against COVID-19 and other diseases.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36178,"journal":{"name":"Biosafety and Health","volume":"6 1","pages":"Pages 12-20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590053623001568/pdfft?md5=877e3eb206dcad46e6c0cde9dc7a3818&pid=1-s2.0-S2590053623001568-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139193986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Erratum to “HLA-E-restricted Hantaan virus-specific CD8+ T cell responses enhance the control of infection in hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome” [Biosaf. Health 5 (2023) 289–299] 对《HLA-E限制性汉坦病毒特异性CD8+T细胞应答可增强出血热伴肾综合征的感染控制》的勘误 [Biosaf. Health 5 (2023) 289-299]
Biosafety and Health Pub Date : 2024-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.bsheal.2023.11.002
Kang Tang , Yusi Zhang , Xinyu Li , Chunmei Zhang , Xiaozhou Jia , Haifeng Hu , Lihua Chen , Ran Zhuang , Yun Zhang , Boquan Jin , Ying Ma
{"title":"Erratum to “HLA-E-restricted Hantaan virus-specific CD8+ T cell responses enhance the control of infection in hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome” [Biosaf. Health 5 (2023) 289–299]","authors":"Kang Tang ,&nbsp;Yusi Zhang ,&nbsp;Xinyu Li ,&nbsp;Chunmei Zhang ,&nbsp;Xiaozhou Jia ,&nbsp;Haifeng Hu ,&nbsp;Lihua Chen ,&nbsp;Ran Zhuang ,&nbsp;Yun Zhang ,&nbsp;Boquan Jin ,&nbsp;Ying Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.bsheal.2023.11.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bsheal.2023.11.002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36178,"journal":{"name":"Biosafety and Health","volume":"6 1","pages":"Page 59"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590053623001507/pdfft?md5=c0dcd5db4375dcbbe8ade92ad85ccf5a&pid=1-s2.0-S2590053623001507-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138612025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Launch of the transdisciplinary health science journal hLife 跨学科健康科学杂志《hLife》创刊
Biosafety and Health Pub Date : 2024-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.bsheal.2023.12.001
Qun Yan , Kieran Gary Thow
{"title":"Launch of the transdisciplinary health science journal hLife","authors":"Qun Yan ,&nbsp;Kieran Gary Thow","doi":"10.1016/j.bsheal.2023.12.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bsheal.2023.12.001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36178,"journal":{"name":"Biosafety and Health","volume":"6 1","pages":"Pages 1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590053623001519/pdfft?md5=2077617f0fbca8ece0bd02d93c6205df&pid=1-s2.0-S2590053623001519-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139014145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Antimicrobial resistance containment in Africa: Moving beyond surveillance 在非洲遏制抗菌药耐药性:超越监测
Biosafety and Health Pub Date : 2024-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.bsheal.2023.12.003
Zikora Kizito Glory Anyaegbunam , Ifeanyi Elibe Mba , Yandev Doowuese , Ngozi J. Anyaegbunam , Toluwalase Mba , Fetuata Aminat Aina , Vincent Nnamdigadi Chigor , Emeka Innocent Nweze , Emmanuel A. Eze
{"title":"Antimicrobial resistance containment in Africa: Moving beyond surveillance","authors":"Zikora Kizito Glory Anyaegbunam ,&nbsp;Ifeanyi Elibe Mba ,&nbsp;Yandev Doowuese ,&nbsp;Ngozi J. Anyaegbunam ,&nbsp;Toluwalase Mba ,&nbsp;Fetuata Aminat Aina ,&nbsp;Vincent Nnamdigadi Chigor ,&nbsp;Emeka Innocent Nweze ,&nbsp;Emmanuel A. Eze","doi":"10.1016/j.bsheal.2023.12.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bsheal.2023.12.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Worldwide, infections caused by drug-resistant pathogens constitute a significant challenge threatening therapeutic efforts. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), antimicrobial resistance (AMR) ranks among the top 10 global public health threats. Organisms with a high rate of multiple host adaptivity, significant genetic diversity (multiple lineages), high virulence factors, and genetic exchange have been isolated from various sources (humans, animals, and the environment) even without exposure to prior antibiotics. Till now, the source of AMR and how resistant clones are selected in the environment remain largely elusive, and potential anthropogenic transmission has been reported in different studies. Various drug-resistant pathogens, lineages, resistant clones, outbreak clusters, plasmid replicates, and genes that play a critical role in resistance dissemination have been identified. Maintenance of certain multidrug-resistant (MDR) determinants has also been shown to enhance or support the propagation of MDR. So far, significant advances have been made in understanding the burden of AMR. However, overcoming AMR requires a holistic approach, as there is no single approach with sufficient precision to curb the threat. While strengthening AMR surveillance efforts is essential, as we have shown, there is also a need to intensify efforts to strengthen therapeutic interventions, especially in priority regions such as Africa. Herein, we discussed the burden of AMR and the dissemination of AMR in humans, animals, and the environment (non-medical drivers). We further delved into the big questions on Africa and discussed how therapeutic interventions involving vaccines and other viable biomaterials could be pivotal in reducing the burden of AMR to the barest minimum.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36178,"journal":{"name":"Biosafety and Health","volume":"6 1","pages":"Pages 50-58"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590053623001532/pdfft?md5=6c97c2651afb1db4e3276a7909e28a99&pid=1-s2.0-S2590053623001532-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139191022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Efficacy of SARS-CoV-2 detection from used surgical masks compared with standard detection method 从使用过的外科口罩中检测 SARS-COV-2 的效果与标准检测方法的比较
Biosafety and Health Pub Date : 2024-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.bsheal.2023.12.004
Uraporn Phumisantiphong , Anan Manomaipiboon , Yuttana Apichatbutr , Kittisak Pholtawornkulchai , Chunlanee Sangketchon , Busaba Supawattanabodee , Thananda Trakarnvanich
{"title":"Efficacy of SARS-CoV-2 detection from used surgical masks compared with standard detection method","authors":"Uraporn Phumisantiphong ,&nbsp;Anan Manomaipiboon ,&nbsp;Yuttana Apichatbutr ,&nbsp;Kittisak Pholtawornkulchai ,&nbsp;Chunlanee Sangketchon ,&nbsp;Busaba Supawattanabodee ,&nbsp;Thananda Trakarnvanich","doi":"10.1016/j.bsheal.2023.12.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bsheal.2023.12.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test is the gold standard for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) detection. Proper specimen collection and obtaining a sufficient specimen are the most essential steps for laboratory diagnosis. The nasopharyngeal (NP) swab is recommended as the reference collection method. However, NP swab collection is invasive and uncomfortable for patients and poses some risk to healthcare workers. This study aimed to compare the efficacy of SARS-CoV-2 RNA detection from surgical masks with the NP swab method using RT-PCR testing. Of 269 patients, RT-PCR RNA from NP swabs was detected among 82 patients (30.5%) and was undetected among 187 patients (69.5%). All patients were tested for SARS-CoV-2 RNA from surgical masks. SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected in 25/82 (30.5%) surgical mask filters, while undetected among 57 (69.5%). For the surgical mask with an average use time of 7.05 h, the sensitivity was 30.5%, the specificity was 100.0%, with positive predictive value of 100.0% and negative predictive value of 76.2%. Therefore, surgical masks could be an alternative non-invasive specimen source for SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR testing. The results of our study suggest that the test could be employed after wearing surgical masks for at least 8-12 h, with increased sensitivity when used for more than 12 h.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36178,"journal":{"name":"Biosafety and Health","volume":"6 1","pages":"Pages 35-39"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590053623001544/pdfft?md5=4f3ea2cfc201bb2d805f6d26766e1f60&pid=1-s2.0-S2590053623001544-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139191095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
More common RNAemia in the early stage of severe SARS-CoV-2 BF.7.14 infections in pediatric patients 在儿科严重 SARS-CoV-2 BF.7.14 感染的早期阶段,RNA 血症更为常见
Biosafety and Health Pub Date : 2024-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.bsheal.2023.12.002
Yu Sun , Runan Zhu , Yang Pan , Ri De , Shuang Liu , Liping Jia , Bing Lv , Xiaoyun Li , Dongmei Chen , Yao Yao , Dong Qu , Daitao Zhang , Linqing Zhao
{"title":"More common RNAemia in the early stage of severe SARS-CoV-2 BF.7.14 infections in pediatric patients","authors":"Yu Sun ,&nbsp;Runan Zhu ,&nbsp;Yang Pan ,&nbsp;Ri De ,&nbsp;Shuang Liu ,&nbsp;Liping Jia ,&nbsp;Bing Lv ,&nbsp;Xiaoyun Li ,&nbsp;Dongmei Chen ,&nbsp;Yao Yao ,&nbsp;Dong Qu ,&nbsp;Daitao Zhang ,&nbsp;Linqing Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.bsheal.2023.12.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bsheal.2023.12.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The risk factors of severe infections in children during the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) outbreak in Beijing remain elusive. SARS-CoV-2-positive children admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) with collected plasma specimens were enrolled and screened for common pathogens using capillary electrophoresis-based multiplex PCR from December 12, 2022, to January 24, 2023. The SARS-CoV-2 sub-variants were identified using next-generation sequencing. Plasma was positive for two (positive; P), one (suspicious; S), or no (negative; N) SARS-CoV-2 genes were classified as plasmatic RNA-positive (RNAemia; P + S) or without RNAemia (N). Clinical and laboratory data of the enrolled cases were then collected and analyzed. The 34 enrolled children included 26 males and 24 younger than three years. All were negative for other respiratory pathogens. BF.7.14 (18/29) was the predominant subvariant. Viral loads in respiratory specimens, hours from symptom onset to the first respiratory specimen collection (time-variable), with comorbidities and BF.7.14 and BA.5.2 distributions were significantly different in P vs. N and RNAemia vs. without RNAemia group. Among most cases, the T lymphocyte ratios decreased, while the cytokine level and the B lymphocyte ratio increased. The time variables were 2.22 ± 2.05 and 4.00 ± 2.49 days in BF.7.14 and BA.5.2 infections, respectively. In conclusion, SARS-CoV-2 was more likely to cause severe infections among males aged ≤ 3 years old with comorbidities during the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak in Beijing, while RNAemia is more common in children at the early stage of severe BF.7.14 infections, and most had high cytokine levels and B-cell activation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36178,"journal":{"name":"Biosafety and Health","volume":"6 1","pages":"Pages 5-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590053623001520/pdfft?md5=ba81f2f260178184e2a58320e62be649&pid=1-s2.0-S2590053623001520-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139191335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Pharmaceutical effluent evokes superbugs in the environment: A call to action 制药废水唤起环境中的超级细菌行动呼吁
Biosafety and Health Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.bsheal.2023.10.005
Rehab A. Rayan
{"title":"Pharmaceutical effluent evokes superbugs in the environment: A call to action","authors":"Rehab A. Rayan","doi":"10.1016/j.bsheal.2023.10.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bsheal.2023.10.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a growing global threat, especially in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), causing prolonged illnesses, heightened antimicrobial use, increased healthcare expenses, and avoidable deaths. If not tackled, AMR could force 24 million people into severe poverty by 2030 and hinder progress on Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). AMR spreads through interconnected ecosystems, with humans, animals, and the environment serving as reservoirs. Pharmaceutical wastewater, loaded with antibiotics and resistance genes, poses a significant environmental risk, mainly due to inadequate treatment and irresponsible disposal. The pharmaceutical industry is a notable contributor to environmental antibiotic pollution, with varying effluent management practices. Contaminated pharmaceutical wastewater discharge harms water sources and ecosystems. Urgent collaborative efforts are needed across policymakers, regulators, manufacturers, researchers, civil society, and communities, adopting a One Health approach to curb AMR's spread. Developing global standards for pharmaceutical effluent antibiotic residues, effective treatment methods, and improved diagnostics are vital in addressing AMR's environmental impact while safeguarding public health and the environment. National action plans should encompass comprehensive strategies to combat AMR. Preserving antibiotic efficacy and ensuring sustainable production require a united front from all stakeholders.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36178,"journal":{"name":"Biosafety and Health","volume":"5 6","pages":"Pages 363-371"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590053623001295/pdfft?md5=a6e45a4472199af2e4256dcedb217c5a&pid=1-s2.0-S2590053623001295-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136152481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Rare peptide anchors of HLA class I alleles contribute to the COVID-19 disease severity and T cell memory HLA I类等位基因的稀有肽锚有助于COVID-19疾病的严重程度和T细胞记忆
Biosafety and Health Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.bsheal.2023.09.002
Xin Wang , Jie Zhang , Peipei Guo , Yuanyuan Guo , Xiaonan Yang , Maoshun Liu , Danni Zhang , Yaxin Guo , Jianbo Zhan , Kun Cai , Jikun Zhou , Shaobo Dong , Jun Liu
{"title":"Rare peptide anchors of HLA class I alleles contribute to the COVID-19 disease severity and T cell memory","authors":"Xin Wang ,&nbsp;Jie Zhang ,&nbsp;Peipei Guo ,&nbsp;Yuanyuan Guo ,&nbsp;Xiaonan Yang ,&nbsp;Maoshun Liu ,&nbsp;Danni Zhang ,&nbsp;Yaxin Guo ,&nbsp;Jianbo Zhan ,&nbsp;Kun Cai ,&nbsp;Jikun Zhou ,&nbsp;Shaobo Dong ,&nbsp;Jun Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.bsheal.2023.09.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bsheal.2023.09.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Understanding how human leukocyte antigen (HLA) polymorphism affects both the susceptibility and severity of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection will help to identify individuals at higher risk to better manage and prioritize vaccination at the clinical level and explain the differences in epidemic trends in different regions at the epidemiological level. This study compared the frequencies of HLA class I alleles (HLA-A, B) in 214 coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients with different disease severity and 35 healthy controls and analyzed the correlations between specific HLA alleles and disease severity and T cell memory. The results showed no significant difference in HLA allele frequencies between COVID-19 patients and healthy controls (<em>P</em> &gt; 0.05). The allele HLA-B*13:02 was significantly correlated with the disease severity of COVID-19 patients (<em>P</em> = 0.006). After adjustment for age and disease severity, the T cell responses of COVID-19 convalescents with the allele HLA-B*40:01 may be lower at six months (<em>P</em> = 0.044) and 12 months (<em>P</em> = 0.069). Moreover, these results may be due to their rare peptide anchors by analyzing the binding peptide motifs of these HLA alleles. The study may be valuable for investigating the potential association of specific HLA alleles with SARS-CoV-2 infection.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36178,"journal":{"name":"Biosafety and Health","volume":"5 6","pages":"Pages 355-362"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S259005362300109X/pdfft?md5=772a854789b56337fe2f308588d54946&pid=1-s2.0-S259005362300109X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135304776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Update on enteroviral protease 2A: Structure, function, and host factor interaction 肠道病毒蛋白酶 2A 的最新进展:结构、功能和宿主因子相互作用
Biosafety and Health Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.bsheal.2023.09.001
Ying Liu, Jichen Li, Yong Zhang
{"title":"Update on enteroviral protease 2A: Structure, function, and host factor interaction","authors":"Ying Liu,&nbsp;Jichen Li,&nbsp;Yong Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.bsheal.2023.09.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bsheal.2023.09.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Enteroviruses (EVs) are human pathogens commonly observed in children aged 0–5 years and adults. EV infections usually cause the common cold and hand-foot-and-mouth disease; however, more severe infections can result in multiorgan complications, such as polio, aseptic meningitis, and myocarditis. The molecular mechanisms by which enteroviruses cause these diseases are still poorly understood, but accumulating evidence points to two enterovirus proteases, 2A<sup>pro</sup> and 3C<sup>pro</sup>, as the key players in pathogenesis. The 2A<sup>pro</sup> performs post-translational proteolytic processing of viral polyproteins and cleaves several host factors to evade antiviral immune responses and promote viral replication. It was also discovered that coxsackievirus-induced cardiomyopathy was caused by 2A<sup>pro</sup>-mediated cleavage of dystrophin in cardiomyocytes, indicating that cellular protein proteolysis may play a key role in enterovirus-associated diseases. Therefore, studies of 2A<sup>pro</sup> could reveal additional substrates that may be associated with specific diseases. Here, we discuss the genetic and structural properties of 2A<sup>pro</sup> and review how the protease antagonizes innate immune responses to promote viral replication, as well as novel substrates and mechanisms for 2A<sup>pro</sup>. We also summarize the current approaches for identifying the substrates of 2A<sup>pro</sup> to discover novel mechanisms relating to certain diseases.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36178,"journal":{"name":"Biosafety and Health","volume":"5 6","pages":"Pages 331-338"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590053623001088/pdfft?md5=b1193fa7bfc25dfea6755bc90a652259&pid=1-s2.0-S2590053623001088-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135248591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Stability and infectivity of enteroviruses on dry surfaces: Potential for indirect transmission control 肠道病毒在干燥表面的稳定性和感染性:间接传播控制的潜力
Biosafety and Health Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.bsheal.2023.07.001
Pichamon Sittikul , Pimolpachr Sriburin , Jittraporn Rattanamahaphoom , Warisa Nuprasert , Nipa Thammasonthijarern , Janjira Thaipadungpanit , Weerawan Hattasingh , Nathamon Kosoltanapiwat , Pilaipan Puthavathana , Supawat Chatchen
{"title":"Stability and infectivity of enteroviruses on dry surfaces: Potential for indirect transmission control","authors":"Pichamon Sittikul ,&nbsp;Pimolpachr Sriburin ,&nbsp;Jittraporn Rattanamahaphoom ,&nbsp;Warisa Nuprasert ,&nbsp;Nipa Thammasonthijarern ,&nbsp;Janjira Thaipadungpanit ,&nbsp;Weerawan Hattasingh ,&nbsp;Nathamon Kosoltanapiwat ,&nbsp;Pilaipan Puthavathana ,&nbsp;Supawat Chatchen","doi":"10.1016/j.bsheal.2023.07.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bsheal.2023.07.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) is a contagious disease mainly occurring in young children, and outbreaks commonly occur among young children in the Asia–Pacific region including Thailand. Moreover, the World Health Organization (WHO) monitors HFMD in the Western Pacific region to detect outbreaks and other significant events by the Regional Event Based Surveillance System. HFMD is mainly caused by a group of enteroviruses (EVs) transmitted through direct contact (person to person) and indirect contact with contaminated objects (surface-to-hand). However, few studies have examined the surface stability of EVs. In this study, we investigated the stability of enterovirus A71 (EV-A71) and coxsackievirus A16 (CVA16) on three different dry surfaces (wood, plastic, and stainless steel) using the endpoint titration using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) staining of viable cells and real-time polymerase chain reaction (viral genome detection). The results revealed that virus infectivity dramatically decreased within a few hours on dry surfaces. However, viral RNA could be detected on dry surfaces for up to 28 days. Concerning heat inactivation, both EV-A71 and CVA16 were inactivated after exposure to 60°C for 15 min. Information on virus stability on different dry surfaces will provide useful information for HFMD transmission control.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36178,"journal":{"name":"Biosafety and Health","volume":"5 6","pages":"Pages 339-345"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590053623000794/pdfft?md5=aac47793878925a98a1ea15c3c47d054&pid=1-s2.0-S2590053623000794-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43001420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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