Biosafety and Health最新文献

{"title":"Spatiotemporal patterns and influencing factors of genotypic resistance testing utilization among people living with HIV: A 10-year retrospective analysis at a tertiary care hospital in Beijing, China (2014–2023)","authors":"Defu Yuan ,&nbsp;Fei Zhao ,&nbsp;Shanshan Liu ,&nbsp;Li Li ,&nbsp;Hongxia Yan ,&nbsp;Lifeng Liu ,&nbsp;Tong Zhang ,&nbsp;Christiane Moog ,&nbsp;Bei Wang ,&nbsp;Bin Su","doi":"10.1016/j.bsheal.2025.05.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bsheal.2025.05.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Prior research indicated low genotypic resistance testing (GRT) for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) utilization in China due to partial cost coverage under national antiretroviral therapy policies, limited testing accessibility, and financial barriers. Temporal and spatial data on GRT trends were also scarce. We analyzed GRT patterns among 6,895 untreated individuals at a tertiary hospital using Joinpoint regression, multivariable logistic modeling, and spatial analysis (GeoDa/SatScan). GRT rates showed a significant two-phase upward trend, increasing from 5.36 % in 2014 to 74.17 % in 2023, with an average annual percentage change of 31.30 % (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001). Beijing residency (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 2.596, 95 % confidence interval [CI]: 2.307–2.921) and older age were associated with higher GRT uptake. Specifically, ages 35–44 years (aOR = 1.207, 95 % CI: 1.026–1.420), 45–54 years (aOR = 1.335, 95 % CI: 1.104–1.613), and ≥ 55 years (aOR = 1.424, 95 % CI: 1.126–1.802) had significantly higher odds of testing. Lower testing rates were observed in individuals with lower education attainment (high school or technical secondary: aOR = 0.827; junior high school: aOR = 0.835; primary school: aOR = 0.695), unknown sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) history (aOR = 0.415), and non-heterosexual transmission routes (homosexual: aOR = 0.834). Spatial analysis identified GRT clustering across Beijing until 2021, with two space–time clusters identified in 2019–2023 and 2018–2022. This study demonstrates substantial increase in GRT uptake achieving more balanced district-level distribution since 2021. Age, educational attainment, STDs history, and transmission route influence GRT utilization. Improving access, reducing costs, and implementing targeted interventions are critical for optimizing testing and guiding antiretroviral therapy decisions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36178,"journal":{"name":"Biosafety and Health","volume":"7 3","pages":"Pages 192-198"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144480218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The holistic rehabilitation from acute severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus infection to 10 years after recovery: A cross-sectional study","authors":"Min Li ,&nbsp;Yalan Wang ,&nbsp;Peiwen Qiao ,&nbsp;Yaxin Guo ,&nbsp;Peipei Guo ,&nbsp;Tian Ma ,&nbsp;Shaobo Dong ,&nbsp;Jianbo Zhan ,&nbsp;Jun Liu ,&nbsp;Guizhen Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.bsheal.2025.05.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bsheal.2025.05.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Acute viral infections may lead to long-term adverse health effects. Investigating the hematological and biochemical profiles during recovery can provide valuable insights into the prognosis of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) virus infection. Herein, we performed a cross-sectional analysis of 24 hematological parameters and 12 liver and kidney function-related indicators in 143 naturally infected SFTS patients from the acute phase to 10 years post-recovery. Statistical analyses were performed using the Chi-square test (<em>χ²</em>), Fisher’s exact test, or the ANOVA with Bonferroni correction to assess group differences. Most indicators gradually recovered over time during the recovery period. The decrease in platelet (PLT), white blood cell, neutrophil (NEU), and lymphocyte counts in the acute phase showed a gradual recovery trend from 1–8 months to 6–10 years post-recovery. PLT count levels positively correlated significantly with recovery duration (<em>P</em> = 0.0149). NEU % and thrombocytocrit continued to improve with the recovery time. In addition, some indicators, including platelet distribution width, mean platelet volume, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, continued to show abnormalities in a certain proportion (12.9 %–69.8 %) of individuals post-recovery. For liver and kidney function-related indicators, acute-phase elevations in aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase resolved progressively. Direct bilirubin showed a gradual upward trend over time. Additionally, persistent reductions in total protein and albumin were observed in a subset of recovered individuals. These findings highlight the need for long-term monitoring of SFTS survivors and inform clinical management strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36178,"journal":{"name":"Biosafety and Health","volume":"7 3","pages":"Pages 183-191"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144480217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biosafety considerations triggered by genome-editing technologies","authors":"Xinxin Li ,&nbsp;Yuanjiao Gao ,&nbsp;Ziyu Zhang ,&nbsp;Wen Deng ,&nbsp;Weihua Cao ,&nbsp;Xin Wei ,&nbsp;Zixuan Gao ,&nbsp;Linmei Yao ,&nbsp;Shuojie Wang ,&nbsp;Yao Xie ,&nbsp;Minghui Li","doi":"10.1016/j.bsheal.2025.05.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bsheal.2025.05.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Since the discovery of the double helix structure of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), significant progress has been made in engineering technologies such as gene analysis and editing, greatly promoting the development of biomedical research and clinical applications. In recent years, the rapid development of genome-editing technologies, especially the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-associated protein 9 (CRISPR-Cas9) system, have brought unprecedented opportunities for biomedical research and clinical applications. However, with the widespread application of genome-editing technologies, biosafety issues have gradually attracted the attention of the scientific community and the public. Potential risks such as off-target effects, genomic instability, and ethical and legal issues need to be taken seriously, and their safety and effectiveness in clinical applications still require further verification. This review summarizes the current status and potential risks of gene editing technologies in the medical field and discusses how to ensure its safe application through policies, regulations, and technical means. Through in-depth exploration of these issues, we hope to provide a comprehensive perspective for the scientific community, policy makers, and the public to promote the safe and responsible application of genome-editing technologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36178,"journal":{"name":"Biosafety and Health","volume":"7 3","pages":"Pages 141-151"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144480329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The prevalence and genetic characteristics of human bocavirus in patients with acute respiratory infection in China during 2012–2021","authors":"Haoran Jiang ,&nbsp;Baicheng Xia ,&nbsp;Xujing Chi ,&nbsp;Liwei Sun ,&nbsp;Hongmei Xu ,&nbsp;Wenhui Wang ,&nbsp;Min Mu ,&nbsp;Pengbo Yu ,&nbsp;Xingyu Xiang ,&nbsp;Feng Zhang ,&nbsp;Hui Zhang ,&nbsp;Caixiao Jiang ,&nbsp;Linqing Zhao ,&nbsp;Zhenguo Gao ,&nbsp;Kongxin Hu ,&nbsp;Yan Zhang ,&nbsp;Aili Cui","doi":"10.1016/j.bsheal.2025.05.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bsheal.2025.05.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Human bocavirus (HBoV) is a common respiratory virus among patients with acute respiratory infection (ARI). To investigate the prevalence and genetic characteristics of HBoV, clinical specimens from 13,109 ARI patients were collected through active surveillance from 12 provinces of China during 2012–2021. Extracted nucleic acid was screened and the viral protein 1 (VP1) gene was directly amplified and sequenced in HBoV-positive specimens. 3.51 % of patients were HBoV-positive, with children under 5 years old accounting for 93.48 % of cases. HBoV detection rate increased from 2.35 % in 2012–2019 to 5.38 % in 2020 and 7.68 % in 2021, with a pronounced increase in children aged 2–4 years and in Southern China. The age group with the highest detection rate shifted from infants under 2 years in 2012–2019 to children aged 2–4 years in 2020–2021. The proportion of HBoV co-detections increased significantly in 2020–2021, from 43.98 % to over 60.00 %. All HBoV cases were identified as HBoV-1 with 165 full length sequences of VP1 gene obtained. No temporal or geographic clustering was observed. The VP1 gene evolved at a rate of 7.99 × 10⁻⁵ substitutions/site per year, with ω-value less than 1, indicating that the VP1 protein was under negative selection pressure. Multiple antigen-associated amino acid mutations and positive selection sites were found in the VP1 protein. In conclusion, HBoV1 remains a major cause of pediatric ARI in China, but its epidemic pattern exhibited dynamic shifts during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, while the viral genetic evolution remained relatively stable.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36178,"journal":{"name":"Biosafety and Health","volume":"7 3","pages":"Pages 166-172"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144480331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"IncRNA IPAN antagonizes RIG-I/TRIM25-mediated degradation of influenza A virus PB1 to promote viral replication","authors":"Tingting Sun ,&nbsp;Shumin Chen ,&nbsp;Rui Zhou ,&nbsp;Saisai Guo ,&nbsp;Yilu Ye ,&nbsp;Jingyi Qiu ,&nbsp;Xiaoyu Li ,&nbsp;Shan Cen ,&nbsp;Jing Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.bsheal.2025.05.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bsheal.2025.05.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The productive infection of influenza A virus (IAV) requires the functional involvement of host long noncoding ribonucleic acids (lncRNAs). Identification of key cellular lncRNAs and elucidation of their molecular mechanisms in IAV replication are expected to expand our understanding of virus-host interactions and develop antiviral therapeutics. Our previous work has identified that influenza virus polymerase basic protein 1 (PB1)-associated long noncoding RNA (IPAN) associates with and stabilizes viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase PB1 of IAV, warranting efficient viral RNA synthesis. This provides a unique viral strategy of co-opting host lncRNA for replication, whereas the molecular pathways exploited by the virus are unknown. Here, we aim to further investigate the detailed mechanisms underlying IPAN-mediated PB1 stabilization. We employed cellular-level molecular interaction techniques to demonstrate that both retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I) and tripartite motif-containing protein 25 (TRIM25) interacted with PB1 and co-operated to induce its degradation triggered by viral RNA synthesis. The experimental data obtained from RIG-I knockout cell lines and mutational analyses demonstrated RIG-I promoted PB1 degradation independently of its canonical signaling pathway, suggesting an “effector-like” antiviral activity of RIG-I. Furthermore, IPAN knockdown enhanced the association of PB1 with both RIG-I and TRIM25 to restore PB1 stability. These results collectively demonstrated that IAV hijacked host IPAN to protect PB1 from RIG-I/TRIM25-mediated antiviral degradation. Thus, our data reveal a mechanism of RIG-I and TRIM25 against IAV infection by degrading PB1 and highlight how IAV exploits host lncRNAs to evade immune surveillance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36178,"journal":{"name":"Biosafety and Health","volume":"7 3","pages":"Pages 199-208"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144480219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical prognostic value of TTV and HCMV but not EBV for outcomes in hospitalized HIV-positive patients","authors":"Qinghong Fan ,&nbsp;Guofang Tang ,&nbsp;Mengling Jiang ,&nbsp;Yujuan Xu ,&nbsp;Nenglang Pan ,&nbsp;Zhiwei Liang ,&nbsp;Chuyu Zhang ,&nbsp;Pinghong Li ,&nbsp;Feilong Xu ,&nbsp;Zhimin Chen ,&nbsp;Bo Liu ,&nbsp;Lingzhen Chen ,&nbsp;Youxia Li ,&nbsp;Chuo Li ,&nbsp;Fengyu Hu ,&nbsp;Feng Li","doi":"10.1016/j.bsheal.2025.05.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bsheal.2025.05.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Opportunistic infections caused by viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasites, are commonly reported in hospitalized human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive patients, but their detrimental contribution to disease severity remains under explored. In this study, we examined the coinfection profiles of 126 HIV-positive patients with suspected respiratory, bloodstream, or neurological infections. Lower respiratory tract (LRT) samples, cerebrospinal fluid, and blood samples collected within the first seven days of admission were subjected to metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS). Additionally, a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) detection kit to identify ten commonly known respiratory pathogens was applied to the LRT samples. Of 126 HIV-positive patients, 111 (88.1 %) were coinfected with at least one known virus. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) (71/111, 64.0 %), human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) (64/111, 57.7 %), and torque teno virus (TTV) (63/111, 56.8 %) were the three most prevalent coinfected viruses. Fungal coinfections (58/126, 46.0 %) and bacterial coinfections (47/126, 37.3 %) were less frequent than viral coinfections. Higher viral loads of coinfection were associated with fungal coinfections (odds ratio [OR] = 2.573, 95 % confidence interval [CI]: 1.150–5.757, <em>P</em> = 0.0214) and lower CD4⁺/CD8⁺ T cell ratios (OR = 0.048, 95 % CI: 0.005–0.429, <em>P</em> = 0.0067). Importantly, patients with higher loads of HCMV and TTV, but not EBV, exhibited worse clinical outcomes. Specifically, patients with HCMV reads per million (RPM) &gt; 0 and TTV RPM &gt; 5 exhibited significantly higher risks of poor prognosis and intensive care unit (ICU) admission. In contrast, EBV RPM showed no association with clinical outcomes in this context. In conclusion, HCMV and TTV may serve as prognostic biomarkers linked to poorer outcomes in HIV-positive patients. Detection of HCMV and TTV could predict clinical outcomes and improve patient management strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36178,"journal":{"name":"Biosafety and Health","volume":"7 3","pages":"Pages 173-182"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144480216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Longitudinal profiling of host response and oropharyngeal respiratory microbiome reveals dynamic alterations during recovery from community-acquired pneumonia","authors":"Lizhe Hong ,&nbsp;Lijun Suo ,&nbsp;Kang Chang ,&nbsp;Hongyun Cao ,&nbsp;Jiahui Luan ,&nbsp;Fuxin Zhang ,&nbsp;Xiaofeng Yu ,&nbsp;Xiaohui Zou ,&nbsp;Bo Liu ,&nbsp;Bin Cao ,&nbsp;CAP-China Network","doi":"10.1016/j.bsheal.2025.05.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bsheal.2025.05.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a major global health concern, with limited understanding of longitudinal changes in host gene expression and respiratory microbiome throughout disease progression and recovery. To address this gap, we longitudinally collected CAP patients’ peripheral blood for transcriptome and oropharyngeal swabs for microbiome analysis from admission to 4 months post infection. Age- and sex-matched volunteers were recruited as controls. We observed CAP patients mounted rapid, effective, and moderate immune responses against infection. Coagulation activation and mitochondrial dysfunction were the striking pathways showing distinct difference in CAP patients compared to controls, and the latter was validated by lower adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of CAP patients. Although transcriptional perturbations gradually decreased, they did not fully recover during the follow-up period. Similarly, persisting oropharyngeal microbiome dysbiosis was observed, characterized by significantly lower alpha diversity and altered taxonomy distribution (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). CAP increased the relative abundance of <em>Streptococcus, Veillonella</em>, and <em>Peptostreptococcus</em>, while decreasing that of <em>Haemophilus</em>, <em>Neisseria</em>, and <em>Porphyromonas</em>. Integrated analysis of host response and oropharyngeal microbiome revealed that the relative abundance of <em>Haemophilus</em>, <em>Neisseria</em>, <em>Porphyromonas</em>, and <em>Stomatobaculum</em> were positively related to mitochondrial structure and function pathways, whereas the relative abundance of <em>Prevotella</em> declined over time in patients and positively correlated with anti-pathogen and interferon signaling pathways. These results underscore the persistent impact of CAP on both host immunity and oropharyngeal microbiome, even months after infection, emphasizing the need for long-term follow-up and targeted strategies to facilitate full recovery and restore homeostasis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36178,"journal":{"name":"Biosafety and Health","volume":"7 3","pages":"Pages 152-165"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144480330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Host factor Rab4b promotes the replication of influenza A virus","authors":"Yilu Ye ,&nbsp;Tingting Sun ,&nbsp;Saisai Guo,&nbsp;Jianyuan Zhao,&nbsp;Xiaoyu Li,&nbsp;Jing Wang,&nbsp;Shan Cen","doi":"10.1016/j.bsheal.2025.03.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bsheal.2025.03.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rab proteins are involved in all facets of the vesicular transport process and play significant roles in different steps of the viral life cycle. Rab4b is a pivotal player in the endocytic recycling of proteins, whereas its roles in viral replication are still largely unknown. Our earlier work identified Rab4b as a host factor required to replicate the influenza A virus (IAV). Here, we further validated the impact of Rab4b on viral replication by silencing or overexpressing Rab4b. The results showed that silencing Rab4b significantly decreased IAV and influenza B virus (IBV) production. Overexpression of Rab4b enhanced IAV infection. We provided robust evidence to support the important role of Rab4b in facilitating IAV growth independent of the host innate immunity. Mechanism study revealed the involvement of Rab4b in the early steps of the IAV life cycle, including virus attachment, endocytosis of viral particles, virus-host membrane fusion, and nuclear import of viral nucleoprotein <strong>(</strong>NP). Furthermore, we found that Rab4b interacts with viral<!--> <!-->ribonucleoprotein<!--> <!-->(RNP) complexes, suggesting that Rab4b binds to RNP complex to facilitate viral replication. In summary, this work provided the first evidence to support the involvement of Rab4b in the IAV replication. Understanding the mechanisms underlying IAV and Rab4b interactions helps elucidate viral infection and pathogenesis and leads to the development of antiviral therapeutics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36178,"journal":{"name":"Biosafety and Health","volume":"7 2","pages":"Pages 122-131"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143869573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An infant brucellosis meningitis caused by Brucella strain","authors":"Guowu Shen ,&nbsp;Xiaohua Zhao ,&nbsp;Jie Chen ,&nbsp;Xuehui Zhang ,&nbsp;Xin Wang ,&nbsp;Zhiguo Liu ,&nbsp;Zhenjun Li ,&nbsp;Canjun Zheng","doi":"10.1016/j.bsheal.2025.03.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bsheal.2025.03.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Brucellosis poses a significant health threat to the population, particularly to vulnerable populations, including infants. In this investigation, we retrospectively analyzed the infection source and potential transmission route in a three-month-old infant with febrile seizure. Bacteriology methods, epidemiological survey, Rose Bengal plate test (RBPT), and standard tube agglutination test (SAT) were used to diagnose the disease, and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) was applied to identify the strain. The study revealed that the infant’s parents had been diagnosed with brucellosis due to occupational exposure to infected sheep. The <em>Brucella</em> strain was isolated and identified from the infant’s blood sample, confirming brucellosis meningitis. Post-treatment serum analysis showed RBPT positivity and SAT titer of 1:200 (+ +). The infant had no direct contact with livestock, with breast milk as the only dietary source; however, the detailed transmission route remained undetermined. Maternal-fetal transmission or contamination through breastfeeding, parental hand contact, clothing exposure, or other passive contamination modes may be potential transmission routes. Notably, the parents had a history of brucellosis and given that the infant ​presented with a fever of unknown origin, screening for brucellosis should have been prioritized. Following diagnosis, the infant was treated with ceftriaxone sodium (2.0 g/day) and rifampicin (0.5 g/day) for four weeks, ultimately achieving full clinical recovery. This case highlights the importance of brucellosis screening in infants presenting with unexplained fever, especially in families whose members have previously been diagnosed with brucellosis in endemic regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36178,"journal":{"name":"Biosafety and Health","volume":"7 2","pages":"Pages 117-121"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143869575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detecting and classifying metabolic activity of Staphylococcus aureus by D2O-probed single-cell Raman spectroscopy and machine learning","authors":"Li Liu ,&nbsp;Bing Feng ,&nbsp;Yang Song ,&nbsp;Taijie Zhan ,&nbsp;Dongxin Liu ,&nbsp;Jia Ding ,&nbsp;Xiaohui Song ,&nbsp;Jian Xu ,&nbsp;Duochun Wang ,&nbsp;Qiang Wei","doi":"10.1016/j.bsheal.2025.03.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bsheal.2025.03.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The metabolic activity of pathogens poses a substantial risk across diverse domains, including food safety, vaccine development, clinical treatment, and national biosecurity. Conventional subculturing methods typically require several days and fail to detect metabolic activity promptly, limiting their application in many areas. Consequently, there is an urgent need for a method capable of rapidly and accurately detecting this activity. This study builds upon an investigation of the effects of D₂O on <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> (<em>S. aureus</em>), utilizing D₂O-probed single-cell Raman spectroscopy to detect the metabolic activity of <em>S. aureus</em> by the Carbon-Deuterium ratio (C-D_ratio). Then, it evaluates the performance of various machine learning models in classifying the metabolic states of the pathogen. Medium D₂O concentration below 50 % has no significant impact on the growth and reproduction of <em>S. aureus</em> or on the classification of metabolic states of <em>S. aureus</em> based on the fingerprint region by machine learning models. Additionally, as the metabolic activity of <em>S. aureus</em> decreases, both the C-D_ratio and the rate of viable cells also gradually decrease. The support vector machine model demonstrated an accuracy of 99.82 % in classifying viable and dead <em>S. aureus</em>, while the linear discriminant analysis model demonstrated an accuracy of 99.92 % in classifying <em>S. aureus</em> exhibiting distinct metabolic activities. Therefore, D₂O-probed single-cell Raman spectroscopy, combined with high-throughput technology, can rapidly, non-destructively, and accurately detect pathogen metabolic activity, offering valuable applications across multiple fields.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36178,"journal":{"name":"Biosafety and Health","volume":"7 2","pages":"Pages 94-102"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143870116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}