Biosafety and Health最新文献

{"title":"SFTS exerts an underrecognized disease burden and socioeconomic effect in East Asia","authors":"Wen Zheng ,&nbsp;Fang Zhong ,&nbsp;Weixue Wang ,&nbsp;Hengcong Liu ,&nbsp;Yu Peng ,&nbsp;Michael J. Carr ,&nbsp;Zhihang Peng ,&nbsp;Weifeng Shi","doi":"10.1016/j.bsheal.2025.12.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bsheal.2025.12.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) is an emerging tick-borne virus that poses a growing public health concern, especially in East Asia. However, its global distribution, disease burden, and economic impact remain insufficiently characterized. In this study, we have systematically reviewed literature databases, GenBank, and official reports to provide a comprehensive overview of global SFTSV detections. Seropositive or nucleic acid-positive individuals have been reported not only in East Asia, but also in Thailand, Myanmar, Vietnam, Pakistan, and Kenya. In addition, SFTSV has been identified in ten animal orders and in both ticks and other arthropod vectors. Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) have shown an increasing trend across East Asia. China recorded the highest absolute DALYs, exceeding those of other neglected tropical diseases, such as dengue fever. The average cost per SFTS case was substantial, exceeding 75 % of the annual per capita disposable income in China, and 41.38 % and 23.52 % in Japan and South Korea, respectively. These findings highlight the expanding distribution of SFTSV and its significant per-case disease and economic burden in East Asia.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36178,"journal":{"name":"Biosafety and Health","volume":"8 1","pages":"Pages 15-19"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147310828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"China’s malaria elimination: One Health lessons for vector-borne disease governance","authors":"Jianying Liu ,&nbsp;Yang Liu ,&nbsp;Gong Cheng","doi":"10.1016/j.bsheal.2025.12.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bsheal.2025.12.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>China’s certification as malaria-free by the World Health Organization in 2021 marked the achievement of seven decades of adaptive surveillance, evolving strategies, and community engagement. <em>The British Medical Journal</em> series led by Qiyong Liu and colleagues provides comprehensive documentation of this process through regional case studies in Hainan Province, the Huai River Basin, and Yunnan Province, as well as national strategies and larval management priorities. This perspective interprets those findings within a One Health governance framework, emphasizing how China’s success demonstrates the value of integrated surveillance, regional cooperation, ecological intervention, and technological innovation. Together, these four pillars outline a pathway for sustainable vector control governance and future prevention of vector-borne diseases in an era of ecological disruption and climate change.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36178,"journal":{"name":"Biosafety and Health","volume":"8 1","pages":"Pages 51-54"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147310780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Containment of antimicrobial resistance for strengthening global public health security: Biorisk management perspectives","authors":"Md Asadulghani ,&nbsp;Natasha K. Griffith ,&nbsp;William Arndt","doi":"10.1016/j.bsheal.2025.12.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bsheal.2025.12.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Antimicrobials have been hugely successful in improving health outcomes. However, its positive impact is threatened by worldwide increase of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Use, misuse and overuse are the drivers of AMR. Antimicrobials are used in healthcare, poultry farming and agriculture, horticulture, food production and feed additives, growth promoters, and in aquaculture. Other major drivers are poor infection control, environmental contamination, and geographical movement. AMR is a global public health concern. Without mitigation and remedial actions, estimated mortality attributed to AMR could rise to 10 million globally by 2050. AMR is a natural phenomenon. The use of antimicrobials creates a reservoir of resistance that exists within the ecosystem. AMR is a One Health concern. To contain AMR, a collaborative effort of all the relevant sectors, working locally, nationally, and globally, is the way to attain optimal One Health. Poor biorisk management measures in healthcare, poultry farms, agriculture and aquaculture, can lead to introduction and spread of infections and AMR. Wastewater is the reservoir of pathogens capable of transmitting infections, and at the same time, releasing antimicrobial, AMR genes into the environment, contaminating the entire biosphere. Although injudicious use of antimicrobials is mostly blamed for the failure of containment, improper waste management, likely plays a greater role, superseding the crisis, created by other means. AMR originates in, and passes vertically and horizontally through, microorganisms, among the ecosystems. Thus, the implementation of required biorisk management measures will ensure the protection from unintentional release of pathogens; protect the animals and the humans from zoonosis and reverse zoonosis; protect the environment and the entire biosphere from the spread of contaminants; protect the biological agent itself from loss, theft, misuse, diversion, or intentional release. Together with implemented biorisk management measures globally, judicious use of antimicrobials may lead to the total containment of AMR, strengthening global public health security.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36178,"journal":{"name":"Biosafety and Health","volume":"8 1","pages":"Pages 1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147310731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Leveraging knowledge graphs and large language models for integrating molecular variants and clinical insights in COVID-19 research","authors":"Jiaxin Yang ,&nbsp;Fushuai Zhang ,&nbsp;Ruifang Cao ,&nbsp;Yingying Chen ,&nbsp;Yiping Chen ,&nbsp;Yuxin Chen ,&nbsp;Yixue Li ,&nbsp;Guoping Zhao ,&nbsp;Ying Wang ,&nbsp;Yunchao Ling ,&nbsp;Guoqing Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.bsheal.2025.12.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bsheal.2025.12.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The relentless emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants continues to challenge global health, as high mutation rates and complex pathogenicity obscure molecular mechanisms and impede clinical progress. Despite extensive research across viral evolution, structural biology, immunology, diagnostics, and therapeutics, the resulting vast and rapidly outdated literature has widened the gap between fundamental discovery and medical application. Here, we systematically mined 439,724 coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) publications using fine-tuned large language models to extract and distill knowledge across nine domains: antibodies, vaccines, serology, biochemistry, therapeutics, clinical presentation, risk factors, biomarkers, and diagnostics. These insights were integrated into a unified graph of 1,427,596 triples (CoVAR-KG). Covering 90 % of known spike-protein variant sites, our knowledge graph forges molecular-to-clinical links that reveal how specific mutations influence antigenicity, transmissibility, and treatment response. By resolving data fragmentation, this resource accelerates target identification and streamlines hypothesis generation. Building on CoVAR-KG, we developed COVID-19 variant risk watcher (CVRW), an early-warning framework that quantifies the threat of emerging variants for real-time surveillance. Coupling the graph with retrieval-augmented GPT-4o enables rapid and in-depth comparisons of variant functionality and immune escape potential. These integrative tools furnish timely insights for vaccine design, therapeutic optimization, and pandemic preparedness, establishing a versatile platform for combating current and future viral threats.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36178,"journal":{"name":"Biosafety and Health","volume":"8 1","pages":"Pages 71-79"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147310801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seroepidemiological study of pertussis in Henan Province, China, and prediction of the effectiveness of a new immunization strategy","authors":"Yuting Tang ,&nbsp;Qian Liu ,&nbsp;Jiangnan Kong ,&nbsp;Daxing Feng ,&nbsp;Qiaohua Dou ,&nbsp;Yonghao Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.bsheal.2025.12.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bsheal.2025.12.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The study objectives were to analyze the epidemiological characteristics of pertussis in Henan Province, China, and to evaluate the impact of pertussis vaccination strategy adjustments on population infection rates. A retrospective analysis was conducted on the reported pertussis cases in Henan Province from 2012 to 2024. The concentration of IgG antibodies against pertussis toxin (anti-PT IgG) was measured in 18,528 healthy individuals from 2022 to 2024. The positive rate (≥20 IU/mL) and median concentration (MC) were calculated, and the infection rate was estimated based on anti-PT IgG ≥ 40 IU/mL, using the susceptible-exposed-infectious-recovered-vaccinated (SEIRV) model to predict the effect of adding a pertussis booster dose at 6 years. The average annual incidence of pertussis in Henan Province from 2012 to 2024 was 2.21 per 100,000 population. The overall anti-PT IgG positivity rate was 16.42 %, and the MC was 4.66 IU/mL. The antibody concentration is influenced by age, gender, and vaccine type. The population that completed the full course of vaccination had the highest anti-PT IgG positive rate (17.81 %) and the highest MC (4.97 IU/mL). The population that vaccinated the diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis-inactivated polio vaccine-haemophilus influenzae type b (DTaP-IPV/ Hib) had the highest MC (14.83 IU/mL). The total estimated infection rate of pertussis was 7,833.45 per 100,000, peaking in the 6-year age group (10,809.72 per 100,000). When the estimated coverage rate of the pertussis booster vaccination reaches 83.21 %, the infection rate could be decreased by 71.41 %. The incidence of pertussis in Henan Province has increased, and the infection rate is higher than anticipated. Booster immunization at age six can significantly lower the risk of infection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36178,"journal":{"name":"Biosafety and Health","volume":"8 1","pages":"Pages 42-50"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147310793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of adjuvants on a recombinant SARS-CoV-2 spike vaccine: Protective efficacy and recall antibody response following homologous challenge","authors":"Dawei Wang ,&nbsp;Zhendong Pan ,&nbsp;Liangliang Jiang ,&nbsp;Haoran Peng ,&nbsp;Yanhua He ,&nbsp;Yangang Liu ,&nbsp;Xu Zheng ,&nbsp;Cuiling Ding ,&nbsp;Wanda Tang ,&nbsp;Congcong Zhang ,&nbsp;Xiaoyan Zhang ,&nbsp;Jianqing Xu ,&nbsp;Zhongtian Qi ,&nbsp;Ping Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.bsheal.2025.11.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bsheal.2025.11.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Immune imprinting, or original antigenic sin, challenges the control of evolving severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). How the quantity and quality of pre-existing immunity modulate the recall antibody response upon re-exposure remains poorly understood. We immunized hamsters with a recombinant ancestral spike protein (S-2P) formulated with one of four distinct adjuvants to assess the impact of adjuvant-induced immunity on protective efficacy. Furthermore, we analyzed the modulatory effect of the adjuvant on the potency, breadth, and evolution of antibody responses after homologous viral challenge. We found that vaccination with Montanide ISA720-adjuvanted S-2P (S-2P:ISA720) not only induced higher initial neutralizing antibody titers and conferred stronger protection but also established a pre-existing immune state capable of cross-neutralizing the antigenically distant Omicron BA.1 variant. In contrast, aluminum hydroxide adjuvanted S-2P (S-2P:Al) elicited comparatively lower neutralizing titers and showed no cross-neutralization against BA.1. Following viral challenge, the S-2P:ISA720<!--> <!-->group exhibited significant affinity maturation toward conserved epitopes, which markedly enhanced cross-neutralization against BA.1 without increasing neutralizing titers or affinity against the homologous strain or the antigenically related Delta variant. Conversely, the S-2P:Al<!--> <!-->group mounted a narrow, imprinting-facilitated response, characterized by boosting of strain-specific antibodies without substantial improvement in BA.1 neutralization. These findings suggest that in S-2P:ISA720-immunized<!--> <!-->animals, high-affinity antibodies mediate epitope masking of immunodominant sites, thereby redirecting responses toward subdominant conserved epitopes with cross-neutralizing potential. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that adjuvants can critically guide recall immune responses toward breadth and affinity maturation, offering a rational strategy for developing next-generation vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 and other variable pathogens.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36178,"journal":{"name":"Biosafety and Health","volume":"8 1","pages":"Pages 20-30"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147310822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SEC11A identified as a critical host factor for HMPV through virus-induced alternative splicing","authors":"Yiman Huang ,&nbsp;Jiayin Guo ,&nbsp;Shiyuan Zheng ,&nbsp;Aijun Chen ,&nbsp;Lihong Yao ,&nbsp;Ke Zhang ,&nbsp;Lishu Zheng","doi":"10.1016/j.bsheal.2026.01.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bsheal.2026.01.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Alternative splicing (AS) significantly increases the diversity of the eukaryotic proteome, and alterations in AS induced by viruses have emerged as a novel approach to studying virus-host interactions. Human metapneumovirus (HMPV) interacts with host cells through multiple mechanisms, directly or indirectly utilising various host systems to facilitate infection and replication. In this study, the BEAS-2B human normal lung epithelial cell line was used as the cell model for HMPV infection. The host gene alternative splicing events following HMPV infection were then characterised using RNA sequencing. Selected alternative splicing events were confirmed and the associated genes evaluated for their effect on HMPV replication in knockout cell lines. HMPV replication was found to be greatly reduced in cells lacking the <em>SEC11A</em> gene, suggesting that the <em>SEC11A</em> gene is a critical host factor for HMPV infection. Notably, the <em>SEC11A</em> splicing pattern was not altered during infection with other respiratory viruses. In summary, this study reveals that <em>SEC11A</em>, which encodes the core catalytic subunit of the signal peptidase complex (SPC), is an essential host factor for HMPV infection. We observed a specific exon-skipping event in its mRNA precursor that occurs within the regulatory region upstream of the coding sequence. This atypical splicing site suggests that the virus may regulate <em>SEC11A</em> expression by interfering with the host splicing machinery. These findings provide new insights into HMPV pathogenesis and lay the groundwork for further exploration of HMPV-host interactions and the development of potential host-directed antiviral therapies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36178,"journal":{"name":"Biosafety and Health","volume":"8 1","pages":"Pages 31-41"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147310720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advances and perspectives for animal models of chikungunya virus infection","authors":"Meng Zou,&nbsp;Zhihui Zheng,&nbsp;Wei Wang,&nbsp;Hongqi Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.bsheal.2025.09.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bsheal.2025.09.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the global warming, the expansion of transportation networks, a tremendous increase in international travel and exchange, and the ongoing evolution of viruses, chikungunya virus (CHIKV) has spread beyond its African origins and achieved global distribution, posing a significant threat to public health worldwide. Under such circumstances, animal models serve as indispensable tools for elucidating CHIKV pathogenesis and developing antiviral strategies. The currently established animal models of CHIKV infection can recapitulate various aspects of the clinical disease at different levels of complexity. However, each model possesses distinct advantages and limitations, rendering them suitable for rather specific research applications. Furthermore, the clinical realities of CHIKV infection in patients with comorbidities or coinfections with other viruses, coupled with emerging initiatives to reduce animal model reliance, present substantial challenges for the future development and application of these models. This review summarizes the natural history and susceptible host of CHIKV, recent advances in understanding the pathogenesis and animal model development, and prospects for animal models of CHIKV infection. The aim is to provide a reference for the selection, utilization, and development of appropriate animal models for CHIKV research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36178,"journal":{"name":"Biosafety and Health","volume":"7 6","pages":"Pages 357-368"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145808494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Harnessing a high-quality Salmonella genome catalog to combat antimicrobial resistance and inform outbreak responses","authors":"Beiwen Zheng ,&nbsp;Yi Liu ,&nbsp;Yonghong Xiao","doi":"10.1016/j.bsheal.2025.09.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bsheal.2025.09.009","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36178,"journal":{"name":"Biosafety and Health","volume":"7 6","pages":"Pages 345-347"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145808520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sustained circulation of Aedes albopictus-derived novel almendraviruses in the urban parks","authors":"Xi Zhang ,&nbsp;Chengyu Liu ,&nbsp;Yang Han ,&nbsp;Junying She ,&nbsp;Wanqi Wu ,&nbsp;Lili Wang ,&nbsp;Jingdong Song ,&nbsp;George F. Gao ,&nbsp;Ziqian Xu ,&nbsp;Hao Liang ,&nbsp;Jun Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.bsheal.2025.10.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bsheal.2025.10.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The <em>Rhabdoviridae</em> family comprises a diverse range of negative-sense single-stranded ribonucleic acid (RNA) viruses, including significant human and mammalian viruses transmitted by various arthropod species. Herein, using <em>Aedes albopictus</em> (<em>Ae. albopictus</em>) samples collected in two urban parks during 2023 and 2024, through metagenomics sequencing, 16 sequences were identified as putative novel viruses, showing closest homology to insect-specific viruses, mycoviruses, or plant-associated viruses. Notably, two novel viruses, Aedes albopictus almendravirus GCCDC15 (Aealb-AlmV GCCDC15) and Aedes albopictus almendravirus GCCDC16 (Aealb-AlmV GCCDC16) were identified and successfully isolated. Both of these viruses belong to the genus <em>Almendravirus</em> within the <em>Rhabdoviridae</em> family. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that Aealb-AlmV GCCDC15 and GCCDC16 are distantly related to Coot Bay virus (the United States of America, 2013) and Menghai rhabdovirus (Yunnan Province, China, 2017). The genetic distances between these two viruses and their most similar viruses are marked by 59.85 % and 87.20 % of amino acid identity in the L protein, respectively, supporting their classification as two new species in the <em>Rhabdoviridae</em> family. Cytopathic effects and rod-like virions were observed in mosquito cells (C6/36) after inoculating with supernatants from the <em>Ae. albopictus</em> samples. To investigate the natural distribution and persistence of the novel almendraviruses, we conducted a specific reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) screening of <em>Ae. albopictus</em> mosquitoes collected from two urban parks across different time points. The assays confirmed the presence of both Aealb-AlmV GCCDC15 and GCCDC16 in mosquito populations. Critically, these viruses were detected repeatedly over successive sampling periods and in mosquitoes from geographically distinct sites within the urban environment. In summary, our study delineates the virome characteristics of <em>Aedes</em> mosquitoes in the urban ecosystem and successfully isolated two novel rhabdoviruses. The recurrent detection provides clear evidence for the sustained circulation of <em>Ae. albopictus</em>-derived almendraviruses in urban parks, highlighting their ongoing transmission and establishment in these habitats.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36178,"journal":{"name":"Biosafety and Health","volume":"7 6","pages":"Pages 369-376"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145808522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}