Advances in Neurodevelopmental Disorders最新文献

{"title":"The Impact of Legislation and Conventions on Disability Employment Outcomes in Australia","authors":"Peter J. Smith","doi":"10.1007/s41252-023-00343-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s41252-023-00343-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>This paper examines the impact of legislation on the employment of people with neurodevelopmental disorders within Australia with reference to the Australian and International Conventions. It examines options for employment support that respect the human rights and dignity of persons with a disability.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>An examination of disability employment data, legislation and policy that underpins disability employment in Australia was conducted. This was compared to outcome data from a select number of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development countries (OECD) to understand the current state of employment for people with a disability.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>Disability employment data highlights little long-term change in employment rates. This is despite significant legislation supporting employment and the rights of persons with a disability to engage in employment. It suggests that legislation does not support policies and practices that promote open employment opportunities and economic citizenship for persons with a disability.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Despite significant government investment to improve employment rates for persons with a disability, there is a disconnect between the legislation, policy and practice methods that supports the rights of persons with a disability to pursue employment justice. Measured against selected data from OECD countries, disability employment falls short of the expectations of people with a disability. There is a need to align disability employment policy and practice to ensure that disability employment systems focus on individual success rather than system outputs.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36163,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Neurodevelopmental Disorders","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82047874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The SOOTHE eQuilt of Mental Health and Wellbeing: Supporting Voice","authors":"Fintan K. Sheerin,&nbsp;Silvia Angel Buil,&nbsp;Jose Duran Salguero,&nbsp;Desiree Ferrer Lopez,&nbsp;Eadaoin Foden,&nbsp;Edward McCann,&nbsp;Wolter Paans,&nbsp;Gloria Mpundu,&nbsp;Carlos Peña-Salazar,&nbsp;Philip McCallion,&nbsp;Sandra M. Fleming","doi":"10.1007/s41252-023-00342-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s41252-023-00342-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>People with intellectual disabilities are more vulnerable to and experience mental health concerns at a higher incidence than their peers without intellectual disabilities. This may be directly related to the aetiology of their intellectual disability but also occur because of negative psychological and social factors that affect their lives, such as loss of self-esteem or lack of meaningful opportunities. The SOOTHE project, sought to understand the meaning that adults with intellectual disabilities attribute to mental health and wellbeing, the factors influencing good and poor mental health, and the strategies they utilised to maintain good mental health and wellbeing. Using an online anonymous survey, participants were invited to electronically submit an image that represented their perspectives on what mental health and wellbeing meant to them.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>This study, which took place in 2020 during the first year of the Covid-19 pandemic, employed an anonymous survey approach which resulted in individual images being received from 329 people with intellectual disabilities living in Spain, the Netherlands, and Ireland. These were analysed thematically and brought together in an electronic quilt/mosaic.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>Images were classified into seven potential themes: (1) Covid-19 and mental health; (2) maintaining good mental health; (3) activities that promote good mental health; (4) nature and mental health; (5) perspectives on self; (6) the importance of relationships; and (7) home and feeling safe.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>This paper explores the possible meaning of the images and seeks alignment of those meanings with the rights and freedoms enshrined in the UNCRPD. The project supports the belief that persons with intellectual disabilities have an understanding of mental health and wellbeing and are able to identify ways of maintaining positive mental health.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36163,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Neurodevelopmental Disorders","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s41252-023-00342-5.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77979555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neurobiological Concomitants of Autism as Informers of Clinical Practice: a Status Review","authors":"Vicki Bitsika,&nbsp;Christopher F. Sharpley","doi":"10.1007/s41252-023-00344-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s41252-023-00344-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>Although a great deal of research is conducted into the neurobiological correlates of autism, there has been no recent overview of the findings from this research in terms of how they translate to clinical practice. To provide an overview of recent literature in the fields of head size, brain volume, brain region, connectivity between brain regions, and synaptic function, as they apply to autism, with a view to informing clinical practice.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>Major empirical and review papers on these topics from the last 30 years were identified via a search of PubMed, Google Scholar, and PsychInfo, using the descriptors ‘autism’, ‘head size’, ‘brain volume’, ‘brain region’, ‘connectivity between brain regions’, and ‘synaptic function’. To distil the key findings relevant to clinical practice, both authors conducted blind reviews, producing a set of ‘key’ papers for this purpose.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>Each field produced a number of major findings, which were then described and discussed, and translated into a table of ‘Findings’, ‘Diagnostic suggestions’ (for the clinician’s protocols), and ‘Clinical actions’ (suggestions for interactions with carers of autistic children and adults).</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The stability of the research within each field varies, with some clear findings and others that are yet to be consistently verified. Despite this, some specific clinical implications for diagnosis and treatment (particularly clinician-carer interactions) are described.\u0000</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36163,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Neurodevelopmental Disorders","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s41252-023-00344-3.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79142673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Caregivers’ Accounts of School Searches for Children with Cerebral Palsy in a Developing Sub-Saharan African Context","authors":"Maxwell Peprah Opoku,&nbsp;Joana D. A. Kyeremateng,&nbsp;Hala Elhoweris,&nbsp;Joslin Alexei Dogbe,&nbsp;William Nketsia,&nbsp;Charles Hammond,&nbsp;Shashidhar Belbase","doi":"10.1007/s41252-023-00341-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s41252-023-00341-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>Cerebral palsy (CP) is a neurological condition caused by damage to the part of the brain known as the cerebral cortex and affecting the coordination and movement of individuals. The challenges faced by caregivers raising children with CP cannot be overemphasized. However, information regarding the accessibility of education for children with CP is scant or unreported. In this study, we investigated the experiences of parents in their efforts to enroll their children with CP in schools.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>Qualitative semi-structured interviews were conducted with a cohort of 40 parents with children with CP who were observed for 5 years. The interviews were transcribed and subjected to thematic analysis.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>The results that emerged from the thematic analysis demonstrated the difficulties faced by parents in searching for a school for their children with CP. According to the study participants, both special and regular schools were inaccessible to children with CP, due to unfriendly school environments, transportation problems, and high costs, as well as a lack of resources, qualified staff, and human resources.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The findings underscore the urgent need for policymakers in Ghana to consider or make provisions for the education of children with CP. Without this, children with CP and their families could be entrapped in a vicious cycle of poverty, deprivation, and dependence on others for their livelihoods.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36163,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Neurodevelopmental Disorders","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76893561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations Across Developmental Domains in Autistic Toddlers","authors":"Jamie M. Holloway,&nbsp;Farina A. Klocksieben,&nbsp;Emily Shaffer-Hudkins","doi":"10.1007/s41252-023-00340-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s41252-023-00340-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>While diagnostic criteria for autism focus on social communication and behavioral deficits, many autistic children also demonstrate difficulties with motor skills. The nature of connection between these motor difficulties and other areas of development remains largely unknown, especially in young children. This preliminary study explored the relationships between motor skills and social function in autistic toddlers, with consideration to the role of cognitive function.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>Nineteen autistic toddlers between the ages of 18 and 42 months participated. Motor, cognitive, and personal–social skills were assessed using standardized measures.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>Seventy-nine percent of children demonstrated below average total motor scores (&lt; 1 SD below test mean). Motor skills in autistic toddlers were positively associated with social skills; however, this relationship may be impacted by cognitive skills. Visual–motor integration, grasping, and ball skills specifically were also positively associated with social function.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>These preliminary findings suggest the relevance of motor skill development in social functioning among young autistic children and help to inform future research examining interactions across developmental domains in this population.\u0000</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36163,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Neurodevelopmental Disorders","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86544957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Training Direct Care Staff to Empower Adults with Intellectual Disabilities and Their Families to Reduce Overmedication","authors":"Shoumitro (Shoumi) Deb,&nbsp;Bharati Limbu","doi":"10.1007/s41252-023-00337-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s41252-023-00337-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>People with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) and autism are subject to restrictive practices like physical restraint and the overuse of psychotropic medications for challenging behavior. People with disabilities and their families are often not involved in shared decision-making for prescription and other care planning, which may violate the UN Human Rights Charter.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>One way of reducing overmedication is by empowering adults with IDD and their family caregivers to collaborate in the decision to use medications. SPECTROM (https://spectrom.wixsite.com/project), a training program for direct care workers, was developed to help reduce the overmedication of these people. This article presents ideas on how SPECTROM resources could empower adults with IDD and their families to influence their care decisions, including psychotropic prescribing.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>Information provided in 32 easy-read leaflets in SPECTROM on psychotropic medications can be used to improve shared decision-making involving people with IDD and their families. Similarly, the Yellow Passport, an easy-read health record, could help information sharing among care service providers, thus improving their health care. SPECTROM has one module devoted to effectively engaging with people with IDD to improve their communication and help them with their skills building.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Currently, very limited evidence exists on the effects of SPECTROM to empower individuals with IDD and their families in reducing psychotropic medications for challenging behaviors. In addition to the two pilot studies on SPECTROM from UK and Australia, further research is needed to explore the evidence supporting the above suggestions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36163,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Neurodevelopmental Disorders","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s41252-023-00337-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86186883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oral Sensory Issues with Feeding and Communication Skills in Autistic Children","authors":"Nivedya Maria Raj,&nbsp;Kadiyali Damodar Veena,&nbsp;Bellur Rajashekhar,&nbsp;Ashitha C. A. Sreelakshmi","doi":"10.1007/s41252-023-00338-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s41252-023-00338-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Oral sensory, communication, and feeding issues are frequently observed to co-occur in autistic children. The study attempted to explore the association between oral sensory deficits, feeding, and communication deficits in autistic children.</p><p>Behavioral Pediatric Feeding Assessment Scale (BPFAS), Child Sensory Profile 2 (SP-2), and Communication and Symbolic Behavior Scales Developmental Profile Infant/Toddler Checklist (CSBS-DP) were administered to forty autistic children in the age range of 2.5-7 years. The correlation among the three domains was determined using Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient.</p><p>A low negative correlation was found between SP-2 scores and CSBS-DP (<i>r</i> = −0.24, <i>p</i> = 0.13), indicating that the higher the oral sensory scores, the poorer the communication skills. SP-2 and BPFAS scores had a moderate positive correlation (<i>r</i> = 0.47, <i>p</i> = 0.002) i.e., higher scores in SP-2 were associated with higher scores in feeding, indicating that oral sensory issues were directly related to the feeding issues.</p><p>The overall findings indicated that the presence of oral sensory issues is associated with feeding and communication deficits in autistic children.</p><p>Clinical Trial Registry of India CTRI/2020/07/02681</p>","PeriodicalId":36163,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Neurodevelopmental Disorders","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s41252-023-00338-1.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87987062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Talk and Meditation Group for Autistic Women Who Have Experienced Trauma","authors":"Véronique Goussé","doi":"10.1007/s41252-023-00332-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s41252-023-00332-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36163,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Neurodevelopmental Disorders","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50032298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Behavioral Parent Training via Telehealth for Autistic Children: Further Exploration of Feasibility During the COVID-19 Pandemic","authors":"Ryan J. Martin,&nbsp;Jaime Crowley-Zalaket,&nbsp;Kaitlin Gould,&nbsp;Sarah Weddle,&nbsp;Cynthia M. Anderson","doi":"10.1007/s41252-023-00336-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s41252-023-00336-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>\u0000Objectives</h3><p>Many autistic children exhibit challenging and disruptive behaviors that can present challenges for both children and their families by interfering with acquisition of adaptive skills and affecting family and peer relationships. Behavioral parent training (BPT) is an evidence-based approach to reducing autistic children’s disruptive behavior, but many families face a number of barriers to accessing BPT, such as availability of BPT in their community, and transportation and scheduling challenges. Therefore, we sought to explore the feasibility and promise of effectiveness of adapting an established BPT program to a telehealth format during the COVID-19 pandemic.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>A feasibility trial of BPT via telehealth was conducted with fourteen parents of autistic children.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>Parents and clinicians were able to implement BPT via telehealth with a high degree of fidelity, and parents rated both BPT and the telehealth format favorably. The program also showed promise of effectiveness in reducing autistic children’s disruptive behavior, improving their adaptive skills, as well as reducing parents’ stress, and improving parents’ sense of parenting competence.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The findings replicate and extend findings from previous studies, further demonstrating the promise of telehealth as a viable alternative format for delivering BPT. We also explore implications for future research, including the opportunity for more thorough evaluation of the effectiveness of BPT via telehealth.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36163,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Neurodevelopmental Disorders","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9717784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Overlooked Disorder: (Un)awareness of Developmental Coordination Disorder Across Clinical Professions","authors":"Emily J. Meachon,&nbsp;Hannah Melching,&nbsp;Georg W. Alpers","doi":"10.1007/s41252-023-00334-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s41252-023-00334-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) is a common condition with core difficulties in motor skills. Recent research has identified links between DCD symptoms and negative outcomes for mental and physical health. Despite this, DCD appears to still not be well known, even to many clinicians. To date, this has been documented among specific groups of clinicians (e.g., occupational therapists) in primarily English-speaking regions, but has not been compared across specific clinical professions or across countries. Therefore, we conducted a cross-national study to examine if clinicians in primarily English-speaking and German-speaking communities of various professions are sufficiently informed about characteristics of DCD in comparison with ADHD and other neurodevelopmental disorders.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p><i>N</i> = 346 clinicians responded to questions in an online survey about general awareness and their experience in treating neurodevelopmental disorders, especially regarding specific characteristics of DCD and ADHD. Moreover, we asked them to classify a case vignette with DCD.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>Overall, 58% of participants had heard of DCD but only 42% had treated individuals with DCD. More specific knowledge about DCD and ADHD was low, varied by profession, and was generally reduced among clinicians working in primarily German-speaking communities. Participants often gave an incorrect diagnosis for the case vignette (35% correct responses) but still offered correct treatment recommendations (61% correct responses).</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Awareness of the specific nature of DCD is still lacking for many clinicians. More training about DCD and other neurodevelopmental disorders should be disseminated in clinical training.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36163,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Neurodevelopmental Disorders","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s41252-023-00334-5.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85560166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}