{"title":"Eye gaze During Semi-naturalistic Face-to-Face Interactions in Autism","authors":"Alasdair Iain Ross, Jason Chan, Christian Ryan","doi":"10.1007/s41252-023-00378-7","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>Reduced eye contact is common in autistic people and has frequently been investigated using two-dimensional stimuli with eye-tracking technology. Only a few studies have investigated the use of gaze in autistic individuals during real-world interactions. The current study explored how autistic adults engage in eye contact during real-life interpersonal interactions.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>Twenty participants (autistic <i>n</i> = 10, neurotypical <i>n</i> = 10) were recruited to participate in a semi-naturalistic, face-to-face, in-person conversation while wearing unobtrusive, lightweight, eye-tracking glasses. Participants also completed measures of emotion recognition, empathy and alexithymia.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>The results of this study were consistent with the autobiographical accounts of autistic adults, who report reduced eye contact in social situations. The autistic group had a lower overall gaze duration and made fewer fixations towards the eyes and face than the control group. Both autistic and control groups adjusted their mean gaze duration on the eyes and face, depending on whether they were speaking or listening during the interaction.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Importantly, some measures of eye fixation are significant predictors of both autistic symptoms and emotion recognition ability. The study highlights the subtlety of eye gaze differences in autistic people and the importance of accounting for the conversational phase in this area of research. It also highlights the potential relationship between eye gaze and emotion recognition ability</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36163,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Neurodevelopmental Disorders","volume":"8 4","pages":"587 - 599"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3000,"publicationDate":"2023-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Advances in Neurodevelopmental Disorders","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s41252-023-00378-7","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"EDUCATION, SPECIAL","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Objectives
Reduced eye contact is common in autistic people and has frequently been investigated using two-dimensional stimuli with eye-tracking technology. Only a few studies have investigated the use of gaze in autistic individuals during real-world interactions. The current study explored how autistic adults engage in eye contact during real-life interpersonal interactions.
Methods
Twenty participants (autistic n = 10, neurotypical n = 10) were recruited to participate in a semi-naturalistic, face-to-face, in-person conversation while wearing unobtrusive, lightweight, eye-tracking glasses. Participants also completed measures of emotion recognition, empathy and alexithymia.
Results
The results of this study were consistent with the autobiographical accounts of autistic adults, who report reduced eye contact in social situations. The autistic group had a lower overall gaze duration and made fewer fixations towards the eyes and face than the control group. Both autistic and control groups adjusted their mean gaze duration on the eyes and face, depending on whether they were speaking or listening during the interaction.
Conclusions
Importantly, some measures of eye fixation are significant predictors of both autistic symptoms and emotion recognition ability. The study highlights the subtlety of eye gaze differences in autistic people and the importance of accounting for the conversational phase in this area of research. It also highlights the potential relationship between eye gaze and emotion recognition ability
期刊介绍：
Advances in Neurodevelopmental Disorders publishes high-quality research in the broad area of neurodevelopmental disorders across the lifespan. Study participants may include individuals with:Intellectual and developmental disabilitiesGlobal developmental delayCommunication disordersLanguage disordersSpeech sound disordersChildhood-onset fluency disorders (e.g., stuttering)Social (e.g., pragmatic) communication disordersUnspecified communication disordersAutism spectrum disorder (ASD)Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), specified and unspecifiedSpecific learning disordersMotor disordersDevelopmental coordination disordersStereotypic movement disorderTic disorders, specified and unspecifiedOther neurodevelopmental disorders, specified and unspecifiedPapers may also include studies of participants with neurodegenerative disorders that lead to a decline in intellectual functioning, including Alzheimer’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, vascular dementia, Lewy body dementia, frontotemporal dementia, corticobasal degeneration, Huntington’s disease, and progressive supranuclear palsy. The journal includes empirical, theoretical and review papers on a large variety of issues, populations, and domains, including but not limited to: diagnosis; incidence and prevalence; and educational, pharmacological, behavioral and cognitive behavioral, mindfulness, and psychosocial interventions across the life span. Animal models of basic research that inform the understanding and treatment of neurodevelopmental disorders are also welcomed. The journal is multidisciplinary and multi-theoretical, and encourages research from multiple specialties in the social sciences using quantitative and mixed-method research methodologies.
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