Physics Open最新文献

{"title":"First-principles study of the electrical, optical, elastic, and mechanical properties of actinium gallium oxide AcGaO3 under varying stress conditions","authors":"S.M. Junaid Zaidi ,&nbsp;M. Ijaz Khan ,&nbsp;Sana Ullah Sahar ,&nbsp;Hammad Khalid ,&nbsp;Laviza Fatima ,&nbsp;Khaled Fahmi Fawy ,&nbsp;M. Umer Farooq ,&nbsp;Naeem Ullah","doi":"10.1016/j.physo.2025.100318","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physo.2025.100318","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This work is presented to evaluate the fundamental material features of cubic actinium gallium oxide (AcGaO₃) by applying stress at 0, 25, 50, and 100 GPa. The compound is subjected to the computationally generalized gradient approximations (GGA) with Perdew Burke Ernzerhof (PBE) exchange. When stress is applied, the bandgap decreases from 3.023 to 1.647 eV. The partial densities of states (PDOS) for oxygen (O), gallium (Ga), and actinium (Ac) are calculated. The oxygen p-states are responsible for the dominant peaks for AcGaO₃ at 0, 25, 50, and 100 GPa in the valence band range. The dielectric function <em>ε</em>(ω), loss function L(ω), reflectivity R(ω), absorption I(ω), optical conductivity σ(ω), and refractive index n(ω) are some of the significant changes in optical characteristics that are observed with varying stress range from 0 to 100 GPa. When stress is applied between 0 and 100 GPa, the lattice constant values (3.6554 Å to 3.3464 Å) are predicted computationally using energy deformation equations. Several different mechanical features appear to change when stress increases, including the bulk modulus (181.3335–581.8504), shear modulus (140.3777–311.5196), and Young's modulus (334.7514–793.0307). Pugh, Poisson, and Frantsevich mechanical ratios showed that overall brittle behavior occurs between 20 and 100 GPa. Our estimated findings about (AcGaO₃) show the anisotropic character. Furthermore, our anticipated results showed that the chosen material is suitable for use as scintillation material, sophisticated UV and X-ray detectors, space-grade sensors, spintronics, and generation photonics because of its high refractive index, absorption, reflectivity, and conductivity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36067,"journal":{"name":"Physics Open","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100318"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145010433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Computational insights into the optoelectronic and thermoelectric properties of cubic LaScO3 under pressure-induced bandgap transition","authors":"Zoha Afzal ,&nbsp;Sajid Butt ,&nbsp;Nimra Naeem ,&nbsp;Muhammad Irfan ,&nbsp;Muhammad Rizwan ,&nbsp;Muhammad Usman ,&nbsp;Farhan Mudasar","doi":"10.1016/j.physo.2025.100320","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physo.2025.100320","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Using density functional theory, we explore the pressure-induced transformation of LaScO₃ perovskite highlighting its potential for optoelectronic and thermoelectric applications. Our calculations reveal a stable cubic structure that undergoes a widening and transition of bandgap from an indirect to a direct with increasing pressure. Optical properties like conductivity, refractive index, absorption and dielectric function are calculated at various pressures ranging from 0 GPa to 12 GPa with a step size of 4 GPa. Thermoelectric performance was assessed at 300–1300 K using BoltzTraP code. A peak power factor of 2.22 × 10⁷ W/m·K² was observed at 4 GPa while the figure of merit attained a maximum value of 0.75 at 12 GPa. This study demonstrates that LaScO₃ under pressures exhibits remarkable thermoelectric properties making it a prime candidate for highly efficient energy conversion devices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36067,"journal":{"name":"Physics Open","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100320"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145010431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Topological analysis of eccentricity-based invariants for second type of dominating David-derived network","authors":"Haidar Ali ,&nbsp;Ali B.M. Ali ,&nbsp;Didar Abdulkhaleq Ali ,&nbsp;Ayesha Umer ,&nbsp;M. Ijaz Khan ,&nbsp;Saima Mushtaq ,&nbsp;Rasan Sarbast Faisal","doi":"10.1016/j.physo.2025.100315","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physo.2025.100315","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The rapid growth of graph theory has sparked interest among analysts, driven by its diverse applications in mathematical chemistry. Closed-form solutions enable rapid property prediction without expensive simulations. This study delves into the second type of dominating David-derived network, which play a vital role in pharmaceutical development, hardware engineering, and system administration. We examine the topological features of the network, calculating distance-based indices like eccentricity measures and the eccentricity based Zagreb indices. Our findings offer novel perspectives on the structural attributes of dominating David-derived network, highlighting their potential impact across various disciplines.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36067,"journal":{"name":"Physics Open","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100315"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145010432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Track constraint of a bead on a large circular hoop under the influence of gravity and elasticity","authors":"Yuan-Sheng Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.physo.2025.100312","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physo.2025.100312","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In theoretical mechanics and engineering, the problem of constrained object motion is frequently encountered, where track geometries inherently restrict the trajectories of moving bodies. In real-world scenarios, friction introduces additional complexity, rendering the forces acting on objects and their motion along tracks more intricate and thus requiring in-depth analysis. This study examines the constrained motion of a bead on a large circular hoop situated in a vertical plane, subject to gravitational and elastic forces. Using Newton’s second law in the natural coordinate system, we derived the governing equations for the bead’s motion on the hoop and solved them numerically. Results show that the amplitude of the bead’s oscillations increases with higher initial angular velocities. Additionally, an increase in the spring stiffness coefficient causes the elastic force to gradually overcome gravity, altering the system’s stable equilibrium point. The friction coefficient significantly influences both the number of rotations and the oscillatory dynamics of the bead. When non-zero frictional forces are present, the system exhibits stable focal points and unstable saddle points, with the bead demonstrating a higher likelihood of settling at the stable focal points. This research provides valuable insights for physics education and engineering applications involving constrained mechanical systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36067,"journal":{"name":"Physics Open","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100312"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144913015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamical Systems describing matter dominating era in Modified Tele-Parallel Gravity","authors":"R.C. Tefo ,&nbsp;K.P. Mathos ,&nbsp;M.G. Ganiou ,&nbsp;F. Mavoa ,&nbsp;M.J.S. Houndjo","doi":"10.1016/j.physo.2025.100294","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physo.2025.100294","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We investigate in the present paper, cosmological dynamical system describing matter evolution era under modified teleparallel theory of gravity. After reconstructing general cosmological dynamical system depending on the parameter <span><math><mi>m</mi></math></span> which is function of the Hubble parameter, we explore three different cases of matter dominated era. First, we start with an antaz asymptotic value <span><math><mrow><mi>m</mi><mo>=</mo><mo>−</mo><mn>9</mn><mo>/</mo><mn>2</mn></mrow></math></span> characterizing matter domination era. Secondly, the present work reveals two other new asymptotic values of the parameter <span><math><mi>m</mi></math></span>, namely <span><math><mrow><mi>m</mi><mo>=</mo><mo>−</mo><mn>2</mn></mrow></math></span> and <span><math><mrow><mi>m</mi><mo>=</mo><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>/</mo><mn>2</mn></mrow></math></span> corresponding to stiff matter evolution era at early time and dust matter evolution era at late time, respectively. This approach is based on Zel’dovich proposal according to what universe may be filled by stiff matter after inflation and before the radiation epoch. Under analytical and numerical analysis of the reconstructed autonomous dynamical system, the obtained stable fixed point of each evolution era, through its coordinates, leads to <span><math><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>ω</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>e</mi><mi>f</mi><mi>f</mi></mrow></msub><mo>&lt;</mo><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></math></span> corresponding to phantom-like evolution with dark energy as candidate. This result confirms those existing in literature and suitably cited in this work. Furthermore, matter evolution era can be reached when the dynamical system is rendered non-autonomous. Our approach permits to challenge the reconstruction of <span><math><mrow><mi>f</mi><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>T</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow></math></span> models describing dark energy when scalar factor of stiff and dust matter is applied.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36067,"journal":{"name":"Physics Open","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100294"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145026692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Photoionization and photoabsorption study of Ne-like Mg2+, Al3+ and Si4+ ions using the relativistic configuration interaction method","authors":"G.A. Alna'washi ,&nbsp;O. Abu-Haija ,&nbsp;S.M. Hamasha","doi":"10.1016/j.physo.2025.100317","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physo.2025.100317","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper presents comprehensive calculations of resonance energies for photoabsorption and photoionization of Ne-like Mg²⁺, Al³⁺ and Si⁴⁺ ions. We report ionization threshold limits, resonance energies, wavelengths, transition rates, and oscillator strengths for 1s² 2s 2p⁶ (²S_1/2) np (¹P₁), 1s 2s² 2p⁶ (²S_1/2) np (¹P₁), 2s² 2p⁵ (²P) ns, and 2s² 2p⁵ (²P) nd Rydberg series. All the calculations were performed using the relativistic configuration interaction (RCI) method within the Flexible Atomic Code (FAC). The RCI results show very good agreement with existing theoretical and experimental values reported in literature. Moreover, we present new tabulations of K-shell photoexcitation for Mg²⁺, Al³⁺ and Si⁴⁺ ions, as well as unreported outer-shell resonance features to highly excited states. This provides an improved description of the photoabsorption spectrum, which are important for high-precision spectral modeling in astrophysical plasmas.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36067,"journal":{"name":"Physics Open","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100317"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144902794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Radiation shielding properties of selenium-based lead borate PbO-SeO2-B2O3 glass for X-ray and gamma radiation","authors":"Suleman Muhammad ,&nbsp;Seema Mukamil ,&nbsp;Iltaf Muhammad ,&nbsp;Sang Peng ,&nbsp;Kunning Niu ,&nbsp;Zan Zhang ,&nbsp;Yongsheng Li","doi":"10.1016/j.physo.2025.100313","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physo.2025.100313","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The radiation shielding properties of selenium-based lead borate glass systems <em>x</em>SeO₂ + (25-<em>x</em>) B₂O₃ + 75PbO (<em>x</em> = 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6) were investigated using the MCNPx simulation and the Phy-x/PSD program in the energy range of 0.015–15 MeV. The density increased with the substitution of SeO₂ contents due to the replacement of B₂O₃ (69.62 g/mol) by SeO₂ (110.96 g/mol) in the host glass, enhancing the glass compactness. In addition, the Se²⁺ takes up substitute regions in the structure, which lowers the molar volume and contributes to stiffness and stability. The samples' mass attenuation coefficient (MAC) and linear attenuation coefficient (LAC) decreased with increasing energy. As energy increases, more radiation penetrates, leading to a decrease in the MAC and LAC. At 0.1 MeV, the MAC values for the S4 sample, with a density of 5.702 g/cm³, are 4.68552 cm²/g, whereas at 0.5 MeV, they are 0.14928 cm²/g, indicating more attenuation with increasing energy. The HVL ranges from 0.00129 to 2.41029 cm, while the TVL ranges from 0.00429 to 8.00682 cm, respectively. The S1 glass exhibited higher HVL values, whereas the S4 sample showed the lowest HVL values, indicating it is the most effective attenuation glass. The effective atomic number (Z_<em>eff</em>) varies randomly with energy, representing different photon-matter interactions in specific energy ranges. The S4 glass exhibits the highest value of Z_<em>eff</em> at 15 MeV, ranging from 79.65085 to 52.07709. The results confirm that the investigated glass samples can be a radiation shielding material for X-rays rooms and γ-rays in medicine, cosmology, hospitals, and nuclear physics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36067,"journal":{"name":"Physics Open","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100313"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144902795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The giant and moderate magnetocaloric effect in Ni50Mn35Sn15 for room-temperature refrigeration technology","authors":"Ahmed R. Galaly ,&nbsp;Tahani R. Aldhafeeri ,&nbsp;Sameh M. Elghnam ,&nbsp;Mahmoud A. Hamad","doi":"10.1016/j.physo.2025.100314","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physo.2025.100314","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The magnetocaloric effect (MCE) of Ni₅₀Mn₃₅Sn₁₅ is investigated via phenomenological model (PM) at temperatures, ranging from around 5 K–400 K, validating both inversely and conventionally MCEs, corresponding to two magnetic transitions. Magnetic entropy change (<em>ΔS</em>_<em>M</em>) is maximized at the antiferromagnetic transition in martensitic state with 14.5 J/kg.K, which is similar to prior work, demonstrating that PM is a good model for studying giant inverse MCE. However, |<em>ΔS</em>_<em>M</em>| is maximized with 2.5 J/kg.K at the FM transition in the austenitic state. Consequently, PM is a particularly intriguing model in which both inverse MCE and conventional MCE for a single material at different temperatures can be examined. Ni₅₀Mn₃₅Sn₁₅ is an efficient material for MR technology throughout widely temperature range, particularly ambient temperature and some temperature ranges that are near ambient temperature.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36067,"journal":{"name":"Physics Open","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100314"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144908546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Probing neutron star interiors through mass-radius relations and the equation of state using piecewise polytrope","authors":"B. Bringen ,&nbsp;D.P. Girma ,&nbsp;D.D. Bakwa ,&nbsp;E.K. Makama","doi":"10.1016/j.physo.2025.100311","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physo.2025.100311","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We present a novel framework for probing neutron star interiors by combining piecewise polytropic equations of state with mass-radius constraints. Solving the TOV equations across density regimes, we generate mass-radius curves and compare them with NICER and gravitational wave data. Our analysis highlights how different polytropic segments influence neutron star properties, particularly within the <span><math><mrow><mn>1.4</mn><mo>−</mo><mn>3.5</mn><msub><mi>M</mi><mo>⊙</mo></msub></mrow></math></span> range. This approach constrains the pressure-density relation at supranuclear densities and suggests potential exotic matter phases. The results agree and enable more precise interpretation of forthcoming observations, advancing neutron stars as probes of extreme-density physics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36067,"journal":{"name":"Physics Open","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100311"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144917220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Constraining f(R) gravity model through Hubble Parametrization","authors":"Kshetrimayum Govind Singh ,&nbsp;Kangujam Priyokumar Singh ,&nbsp;Asem Jotin Meitei","doi":"10.1016/j.physo.2025.100303","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physo.2025.100303","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this work, we explore a modified theory of gravity by transitioning from standard General Relativity(GR) to an f(R) gravity framework wherein the Ricci scalar <span><math><mi>R</mi></math></span> is replaced by a general function <span><math><mrow><mi>f</mi><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>R</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow><mo>=</mo><mi>R</mi><mo>+</mo><mi>α</mi><msup><mrow><mi>R</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span>. By adopting a specific Hubble parameterization <span><math><mrow><mi>H</mi><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>z</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow><mo>=</mo><mfrac><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>H</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow></msub></mrow><mrow><msqrt><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msqrt></mrow></mfrac><msup><mrow><mfenced><mrow><mn>1</mn><mo>+</mo><msup><mrow><mrow><mo>(</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>+</mo><mi>z</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn><mrow><mo>(</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>+</mo><mi>ζ</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow></msup></mrow></mfenced></mrow><mrow><mfrac><mrow><mn>1</mn></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></mfrac></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span>, where <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>H</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow></msub></math></span> is the present value of Hubble parameter and <span><math><mi>ζ</mi></math></span> be the free model parameter. We investigate the dynamical evolution of the universe under this modified gravity scenario with quadratic equation of state(EoS), <span><math><mrow><mi>p</mi><mo>=</mo><mi>μ</mi><msup><mrow><mi>ρ</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup><mo>−</mo><mi>ρ</mi></mrow></math></span>. The Raychaudhuri Equation is employed to analyze the focus of geodesics and provide insights into the expansion behavior of the model universe, allowing us to track deviations from the standard cosmological model. To assess the viability of our f(R) gravity model, we analyze 46 Hubble parameter observations using the Markov Chain Monte Carlo(MCMC) technique to constrain cosmological parameters. We further use the 1048 Pantheon dataset of Type Ia supernovae to enhance the statistical robustness and tighten constraints. The combined observational analysis supports the model as a viable alternative to the standard <span><math><mi>Λ</mi></math></span>CDM framework, particularly in explaining late-time cosmic acceleration. Notably the model exhibits deviations at higher redshifts that suggest new insights into cosmic evolution. The study also develops a neural network-based machine learning model to predict the Hubble parameter H(z) across various redshifts, facilitating data-driven insights into cosmic expansion.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36067,"journal":{"name":"Physics Open","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100303"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144887381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}