Physics Open最新文献

{"title":"Investigation of oscillatory second-grade fluid flow through porous media under slip and thermal influences","authors":"Z. Abbas,&nbsp;A. Gull,&nbsp;G. Nazik,&nbsp;M.Y. Rafiq,&nbsp;M. Mujahid","doi":"10.1016/j.physo.2025.100363","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physo.2025.100363","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents an analytical investigation of oscillatory magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flow of an electrically conducting second-grade fluid through a porous medium, incorporating the combined influences of velocity slip, thermal radiation, and a first-order chemical reaction. The governing momentum, energy, and concentration equations are formulated using the Boussinesq approximation and Darcy's law, assuming laminar, incompressible, and time-dependent flow. Through appropriate similarity transformations, the system is reduced to a set of ordinary differential equations, for which exact solutions for velocity, temperature, and concentration are derived. The results reveal that magnetic field strength and buoyancy forces significantly suppress fluid velocity due to enhanced Lorentz and thermal resistance effects, whereas thermal radiation elevates temperature throughout the channel. Increasing the Schmidt number and reaction rate reduces solute concentration, indicating diminished mass diffusivity. Heat and mass transfer characteristics, quantified through Nusselt and Sherwood numbers, show that higher Prandtl numbers enhance thermal transport, while stronger chemical reactions lower mass transfer rates. The main novelty of this work lies in obtaining closed-form solutions for oscillatory second-grade fluid flow in a porous medium under the simultaneous effects of slip, radiation, and chemical reaction, offering benchmark results and valuable physical insights for applications in heat exchangers, catalytic reactors, polymer processing, and biomedical flow control systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36067,"journal":{"name":"Physics Open","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 100363"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145938851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A physics-informed neural network framework for modeling rogue and breather solutions in conformable fractional nonlinear wave systems","authors":"Md. Towhiduzzaman ,&nbsp;Md. Abdul Al Mohit ,&nbsp;A.Z.M. Asaduzzaman","doi":"10.1016/j.physo.2025.100356","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physo.2025.100356","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents a robust and generalized Physics-Informed Neural Network (PINN) framework for solving a class of conformable fractional nonlinear wave equations (CFNWEs). These equations are widely used in modeling complex wave dynamics in physical systems exhibiting memory and hereditary effects. By embedding the conformable fractional operator directly into the neural network architecture, the proposed model accurately captures localized nonlinear structures, including rogue waves and breather-type solutions. The framework employs a composite loss function integrating initial, boundary, and PDE residual constraints, optimized through a hybrid training strategy combining Adam and L-BFGS optimizers. Extensive numerical experiments validate the accuracy, physical consistency, and reproducibility of the proposed approach, demonstrating close agreement with analytical solutions. Moreover, the model exhibits robust performance under sparse and noisy data conditions, highlighting its potential for broad applications in wave dynamics, viscoelastic media, and nonlinear signal forecasting.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36067,"journal":{"name":"Physics Open","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 100356"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145797375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The enhancement of the interfacial thermal conductance at the Cu/Si heterointerface by the amorphous carbon intermediate layer","authors":"Nana Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.physo.2026.100370","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physo.2026.100370","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Heterostructures with different amorphous carbon (a-C) areas are fabricated through simulated magnetron sputtering and mask plates using molecular dynamics simulation. The rationality of the structures is analyzed by number/mass density, hybridization ratio of bonds, radial distribution function and bond angle distribution. Furthermore, the effect of the coverage area of a-C on the interfacial thermal conductance (ITC) of Cu/a-C/Si heterostructures is analyzed in depth. The results showed that the fully covered amorphous carbon insertion layer improves ITC by 67.84 % compared to Cu/Si heterostructure without a-C insertion layer. Phonon density of states (PDOS) shows that phonons within 0–8 THz dominate the heat transport at the heterointerface, and the increase in the coverage area of a-C enhances interfacial phonon transmission in 0–8 THz, allowing phonons to carry more heat energy across the heterointerface. The results and conclusion would have important guiding significance for enhancing the thermal transfer performance of semiconductor devices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36067,"journal":{"name":"Physics Open","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 100370"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145976810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fractal time numerical modelling of radiative heat and mass transfer in Carreau–Yasuda mixed convective flow","authors":"Muhammad Shoaib Arif ,&nbsp;Yasir Nawaz ,&nbsp;Kamaleldin Abodayeh","doi":"10.1016/j.physo.2025.100359","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physo.2025.100359","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper demonstrates a computational process in simulating the unsteady radiative mixed convective flow of a Carreau-Yasuda nanofluid by a porous material, when subjected to a magnetic field. Fractal time derivatives are used to model an approach that captures the memory-dependent behaviour of complex transport phenomena. A novel three-stage explicit time integration scheme is developed, delivering third-order temporal accuracy tailored to fractal-time partial differential equations. For spatial discretization, a compact sixth-order scheme is used to improve numerical precision in the interior domain. The proposed framework incorporates thermal and solutal buoyancy effects, nonlinear rheology, Brownian motion, thermophoresis, and contributions from a heat source. It also accounts for the influence of oscillatory boundary conditions and Darcy-Forchheimer drag within porous structures. Rigorous stability and convergence analyses confirm the robustness of the scheme. Quantitative comparisons reveal that at a time step of <span><math><mrow><mo>Δ</mo><mi>t</mi><mo>=</mo><mfrac><mn>0.1</mn><mn>2250</mn></mfrac></mrow></math></span>, the proposed scheme achieves an <span><math><mrow><msub><mi>L</mi><mn>2</mn></msub></mrow></math></span> error of <span><math><mrow><mn>6.72</mn><mo>×</mo><msup><mn>10</mn><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>5</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span> and consumes approximately 97.62 s, while the second-order scheme reaches an error of <span><math><mrow><mn>1.06</mn><mo>×</mo><msup><mn>10</mn><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>4</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span> with a runtime of 173.82 s under the same compact discretization, highlighting both its efficiency and stability. Numerical experiments demonstrate that the method outperforms existing first- and second-order schemes in both accuracy and computational efficiency. Furthermore, a velocity reduction of over <span><math><mrow><mn>30</mn><mo>%</mo></mrow></math></span> observed when increasing the power-law index from 0.6 to 1.2, highlighting enhanced shear-thinning behaviour. The proposed methodology not only ensures numerical stability under fine discretization but also demonstrates robustness in capturing complex flow behaviour in porous, radiatively influenced environments. This fractal-based computational framework offers a valuable tool for simulating non-Newtonian nanofluid systems in emerging thermal technologies. Fractal time derivatives effectively capture memory-dependent, scale-invariant transport phenomena, offering computational advantages and localised accuracy over traditional fractional operators.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36067,"journal":{"name":"Physics Open","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 100359"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145938932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analytical investigation of MHD radiative heat and mass transfer of Casson fluid over a rotating inclined plate in porous media with Hall, chemical reaction and Soret effects","authors":"Shahina Nikhath ,&nbsp;M. Suryanarayana Reddy","doi":"10.1016/j.physo.2026.100376","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physo.2026.100376","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents an Analytical investigation of unsteady magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) heat and mass transfer in a rotating Casson fluid flow over an isothermal inclined stretching plate embedded in a porous medium. The effects of Hall current, Soret diffusion, thermal radiation, and chemical reaction are incorporated. The Casson fluid is assumed to be viscous, incompressible, non-Newtonian, and electrically conducting. An analytical solution is obtained using a perturbation technique to evaluate the velocity, temperature, and concentration distributions. The influence of governing parameters is illustrated graphically, and numerical values of skin friction, Nusselt number, and Sherwood number are reported. The results indicate that increasing Hall and Soret parameters enhances fluid velocity due to intensified thermal and solutal buoyancy forces, whereas higher chemical reaction rates reduce concentration levels within the boundary layer. Skin friction decreases with increasing Prandtl number, Hall current, and solutal buoyancy, while it increases with rotation, chemical reaction, and mass diffusion effects.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36067,"journal":{"name":"Physics Open","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 100376"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147395000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Least squares as random walks: The general case of arbitrary spacing","authors":"Daniel Kestner ,&nbsp;Alexander Kostinski","doi":"10.1016/j.physo.2026.100378","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physo.2026.100378","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Recently, we introduced the notion of a random walk based on a discrete sequence of data samples (<em>data walk</em>) and discovered a surprising link between ordinary least squares (OLS) fits to evenly sampled data and random walks. Here we generalize earlier results by showing that the slope of a linear fit to data which annuls the net area under a residual data walk equals that found by OLS for irregularly spaced data sequence. We also discover a deep connection with the orthogonality principle of estimation theory, leading to interpretation of suitably defined scalar products of data vectors as areas under data walks. The results are extended to weighted and generalized least squares (GLS). The new approach is illustrated on cosmic ray arrival time series.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36067,"journal":{"name":"Physics Open","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 100378"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147395016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Device design and optimization of all Perovskites based heterojunction solar cell","authors":"Afshan Ejaz ,&nbsp;Rizwan Ul Hassan ,&nbsp;Muhammad Zulfiqar","doi":"10.1016/j.physo.2026.100382","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physo.2026.100382","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The SCAPS-1D simulation package is employed to examine the RbGeBr<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>3</mn></mrow></msub></math></span>/RbGeI<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>3</mn></mrow></msub></math></span> perovskite heterojunction, aiming to achieve a notable improvement in quantum efficiency when compared to a single layer of RbGeBr<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>3</mn></mrow></msub></math></span> perovskite. Moreover, the higher energy levels lead to a strengthening of the cell’s field, helping in the movement of carriers generated by sunlight, ultimately enhancing the device’s efficiency. Alongside this, we perform admittance and impedance spectroscopic calculations to thoroughly explore the impacts of deep defect states. As a result, the improved device exhibits a power conversion efficiency that surpasses 31%, marking a notable advancement from single absorber’s efficiency of 23.01%. The SCAPS-1D simulator is utilized for conducting capacitance–voltage, Mott-Schottky, and conductance–voltage analyses. This comprehensive investigation examines the differences in the band structure and recombination rates. This study proposes heterojunction structure aimed at the production of efficient inorganic and lead-free perovskite solar cells, presenting novel concept for future investigations in this field.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36067,"journal":{"name":"Physics Open","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 100382"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147395017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Artificial neural network analysis of energy transfer in micropolar magnetic viscous nanofluid flow over a permeable inclined surface with Dufour effect","authors":"Munazza Saeed ,&nbsp;Asma Sabiah ,&nbsp;Muhammad Sohail ,&nbsp;Muhammad Awais Sherani ,&nbsp;Yasser Elmasry","doi":"10.1016/j.physo.2026.100375","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physo.2026.100375","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This work investigates the flow of a nanoliquid over a stretchable surface with micro-rotational properties. Nanotechnology has freshly emphasized the distribution of nanoparticles in liquids to enhance their thermal conductivity, facilitating energy generation and transfer. This research focuses on energy transfer through a permeable inclined surface, incorporating the effects of Dufour and thermal radiation. The study also considers the influences of viscous dissipation and magnetic forces on the porous medium. The well-known bvp4c computational technique is applied, using a suitable similarity transformation to convert the flow equations into nonlinear differential equations. Results are presented through graphs and tables, showcasing the physical characteristics and the impact of various material parameters. The findings reveal that the consequences of Dufour and Eckert contribute to an increase in the temperature profile, whereas the surface's inclination reduces the velocity profile.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36067,"journal":{"name":"Physics Open","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 100375"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146188002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis and modeling of fractional Mandelbrot scaling for parameterization-invariant theories for mechanical systems","authors":"Yazen M. Alawaideh ,&nbsp;Bashar M. Al-khamiseh ,&nbsp;Shajar Abbas ,&nbsp;Ioan-Lucian Popa ,&nbsp;Hala Ghannam ,&nbsp;Tasneem Alayed","doi":"10.1016/j.physo.2025.100365","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physo.2025.100365","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents a comprehensive analysis and modeling framework that integrates Mandelbrot's fractal scaling with fractional variational principles to advance the understanding of parameterization-invariant theories for mechanical systems. Using the principle of least action, we derive the Euler–Lagrange equations of motion for two key scenarios that emphasize the preservation of symmetry in mathematical formulations.</div><div>In the first scenario, Mandelbrot's fractal scaling laws are incorporated into variational problems by reformulating the action integral using a scaling measure, which allows time to be parameterized accordingly. This approach yields Euler–Lagrange equations exhibiting intrinsic symmetries that reflect the self-similar and scale-invariant properties characteristic of fractal geometries, thereby extending classical mechanics into fractional-dimensional spaces.</div><div>The second scenario focuses on the role of fractional calculus in modeling mechanical systems, particularly on symmetry-preserving fractional formulations. Taking a fractional spring pendulum as a case study, we begin by deriving the classical equations of motion from the traditional Lagrangian formulation. Subsequently, the model is extended to fractional domains by employing fractional Euler–Lagrange equations based on both singular and non-singular kernels, such as the Caputo and Atangana–Baleanu derivatives. This extension introduces fractional symmetries that generalize classical system symmetries, thereby enriching the theoretical framework.</div><div>Numerical simulations illustrate the influence of the fractional order and initial conditions on the dynamic response of the system, confirming that fractional calculus enhances model accuracy while preserving and generalizing essential symmetry properties. The results highlight the significant impact of incorporating fractional dynamics and fractal scaling on understanding complex mechanical behaviors influenced by memory and non-local interactions. Overall, this work demonstrates a novel intersection of fractal geometry, fractional calculus, and nonlinear dynamics, offering a unified parameterization-invariant approach to studying mechanical systems in fractional-dimensional spaces. The findings provide new insights into the fundamental connections between symmetry, scaling laws and fractional dynamics, with potential applications spanning physics, engineering and applied mathematics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36067,"journal":{"name":"Physics Open","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 100365"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145938855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chemical shifts in the Kα1,2 and Kβ1,3 X-ray emission spectra for halogen compounds of elements with atomic numbers ranging from 22 to 29 were measured using a wavelength-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometer","authors":"E. Boydaş","doi":"10.1016/j.physo.2025.100316","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physo.2025.100316","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aimed to investigate the chemical shifts and full widths at half maximum (FWHM) of the Kα_1,2 and Kβ₁,₃ X-ray emission lines in selected halogen compounds of elements with atomic numbers ranging from 22 to 29. A Wavelength-Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometer was employed for this analysis. The FWHM differences (ΔFWHM) of these emission lines were calculated by using the corresponding metallic element as a reference. The data revealed a clear pattern, showing larger chemical shifts for fluorine-containing compounds compared to chlorine-containing ones. In addition, the Kβ_1,3 lines generally show larger chemical shifts and wider full widths at half maximum (FWHM) compared to the Kα lines. The chemical shift also tends to increase as the number of coordinating ligand atoms rises.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36067,"journal":{"name":"Physics Open","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 100316"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145747830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}