Medicine in Microecology最新文献

{"title":"Contagious illness of tuberculosis and correlation with various types of cancer","authors":"Karthikeyan Sundaram ,&nbsp;Venkataraman Prabhu","doi":"10.1016/j.medmic.2025.100123","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.medmic.2025.100123","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tuberculosis is a contagious illness caused by the bacteria <em>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</em>. It spreads readily from one person to another through tiny particles called airborne droplet nuclei. Immunocompromised individuals are particularly susceptible to this infection. In this context, various types of leukemia, lymphoma, and lung carcinoma are linked with reinforces of tuberculosis. Similarly, the tuberculous granuloma is associated with the progression of the tumor significantly. However, the lung is the primary organ infected by tuberculosis, and the granuloma of this disease is reinforced to lung adenocarcinoma, Squamous cell carcinoma, and non-small cell lung cancer. Multiple studies have revealed the root cause of the spread of these two illnesses is attributed to the production of granulomas in the lungs, which in turn contributes to the development of both tuberculosis and lung cancer. Also, the clinical signs and symptoms of tuberculosis and other malignancies in various sites of the host represent severe complications, and diagnosis of these two diseases through adequate clinical testing is crucial. Computerized tomography and rapid diagnosis for cancer and tuberculosis are effective for controlling the disease progression, and timely detection helps to treat the patients. Thus, imaging techniques and molecular diagnosis are capable of providing precise diagnostic results. So, this review comprehensively analyzed the patients affected with tuberculosis in the lung and other sites that could progress the cancer, also reinforces of tuberculosis in patients with different types of cancer.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36019,"journal":{"name":"Medicine in Microecology","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 100123"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143510989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of macrolide antibiotics on gut microbiota diversity with age-specific implications and scientific insights","authors":"H. Shayista ,&nbsp;M.N. Nagendra Prasad ,&nbsp;S. Niranjan Raj ,&nbsp;Ashwini Prasad ,&nbsp;S. Satish ,&nbsp;H.K. Ranjini ,&nbsp;K. Manju ,&nbsp;Ravikumara ,&nbsp;Raghuraj Singh Chouhan ,&nbsp;Olga Y. Khohlova ,&nbsp;Olga V. Perianova ,&nbsp;S. Lakshmi ,&nbsp;Syed Baker","doi":"10.1016/j.medmic.2025.100122","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.medmic.2025.100122","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This review investigates the effects of macrolides on the gut microbiota across different age groups. Macrolides, widely used to treat various infections, have been shown to disrupt the gut microbiome, leading to reduced bacterial diversity and increased risks of antibiotic resistance. The review examines the general mechanisms of action by macrolides, highlighting their role in inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis and promoting antibiotic resistance through horizontal gene transfer and selective pressure. Additionally, the reviews also focus on transition of gut microbiota across different age groups. It also addresses the dysbiotic shift induced by macrolides and its recovery following antibiotic discontinuation. Factors contributing to macrolides resistance, including genetic mutations and environmental factors, are discussed. The focus has been on alternative therapeutic approaches highlighted to mitigate resistance. Overall, the review provides a comprehensive overview of the implications associated with macrolides on gut health and offers insights into managing and minimizing resistance development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36019,"journal":{"name":"Medicine in Microecology","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 100122"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143444844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alterations of gut microbiota during the development of a hyperuricemia rat model","authors":"Cunlong Lu ,&nbsp;Long Li ,&nbsp;Tuo Shi ,&nbsp;Yu Li ,&nbsp;Yanbing Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.medmic.2025.100120","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.medmic.2025.100120","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hyperuricemia has been demonstrated to be correlated with gout and other metabolic disorders, and like the obesity and diabetes, it may be associated with gut microbial dysbiosis. However, recently, research on the changes of serum uric acid and gut microbiota during the development of hyperuricemia was sparse. The main objective of this study is to explore the changes of serum uric acid and gut microbiota in a hyperuricemia rat model. 16S rDNA obtained from fecal samples of rats were sequenced to characterize the diversity and composition of microbial communities. Unweighted UniFrac-based principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) of 16S rDNA sequences showed separated clusters between the model group and the control group. Our findings showed that the model group showed a decreased abundance of <em>Lactobacillus</em>, and the butyrate-producing bacteria <em>Ruminococcus</em> spp. and <em>Roseburia</em> spp., while an increased abundance of opportunistic pathogens, including <em>Proteobacteria</em>, <em>Bacteroides fragilis</em>, and <em>Escherichia coli</em> during the establishment of the hyperuricemia rat model. In addition, purine and uric acid metabolism of gut microbiota in the model group was improved. In conclusion, our results demonstrated that the diversity, composition and function of gut microbiota in the hyperuricemia rat model significantly altered.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36019,"journal":{"name":"Medicine in Microecology","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 100120"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143419169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potential therapeutic solution for Clostridioides difficile infection: Current scenario and future prospects","authors":"Chandrashekhar Singh ,&nbsp;Anjali Singh ,&nbsp;Deepjyoti Singh ,&nbsp;Richa Upadhyay","doi":"10.1016/j.medmic.2025.100121","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.medmic.2025.100121","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Clostridioides difficile</em> previously known as <em>Clostridium difficile</em> is one of the three most potent human pathogens associated with antibiotic-associated diarrhoea and damage to the colon. Although advanced healthcare facilities with the development of new antibiotics are now available, these are associated with either treatment failure or disease recurrence. Any reason that disturbs the microbiome such as antibiotic treatment, unbalanced diet, stress and chronic disease may allow <em>C. difficile</em>, to adhere, colonize, grow and reproduce and eventually cause disease recurrence. With increasing knowledge about the natural defence mechanism of microbiome against gut pathogens, interest in non-antibiotic alternatives like prebiotics, synbiotics, probiotics, and postbiotics is quickly evolving. The gut microenvironment can be suitably modified by using prebiotics and probiotics either alone or by using their mixture as synbiotics. The gut microbiome prevents pathogen adhesion either by physical competition or by the proliferation of anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial products. Besides, there are other possible methods such as faecal matter transplantation (FMT) and microbiome replacement therapies (MRT) for the repopulation of the gastrointestinal tract. In this article, we review current treatment strategies for <em>C. difficile</em> infection (CDI) using prebiotics, probiotics, synbiotics, postbiotic FMT, and MRT. The article will give useful insight into the current therapies of CDI and their future developments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36019,"journal":{"name":"Medicine in Microecology","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 100121"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143419168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnostic ability of myxovirus resistance-A in pediatric cases of viral-acute respiratory tract infections with vitamin A and zinc deficiencies","authors":"Dian Kesumapramudya Nurputra ,&nbsp;Amalia Setyati ,&nbsp;Nur Arfian ,&nbsp;Endy Paryanto Prawirohartono ,&nbsp;Zulvikar Syambani Ulhaq","doi":"10.1016/j.medmic.2024.100119","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.medmic.2024.100119","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Acute respiratory tract infection (ARTI) rank among the top ten most common illnesses affecting children in Indonesia. Myxovirus resistance-A (MxA) protein, selectively induced by the activation of type I interferon in response to viral infections, has emerged as a promising biomarker to diagnose viral ARTI. Notably, the activation of interferons is thought to be influenced by plasma vitamin A and zinc levels. Therefore, our study aims to investigate the level of MxA expression in children with vitamin A and zinc deficiencies when experiencing viral ARTI. This cross-sectional study involved a total of 113 subjects, including 53 diagnosed with ARTI due to viral causes based on validated clinical scoring criteria, and 50 healthy controls. To determine the etiology, we conducted blood cultures and employed RT-PCR analysis on nasopharyngeal swabs. Additionally, we assessed plasma levels of vitamin A, zinc, and MxA protein expression. Our findings revealed that subjects with ARTI displayed elevated MxA expression compared to controls. Specifically, MxA expression levels in ARTI cases of viral origin were significantly higher than those in both control and bacterial origin. On closer examination, the vitamin A and zinc non-deficient group exhibited higher MxA expression levels in comparison to the deficient group. However, it is notable that the expression levels in the deficient group remained higher than those in the control group. In summary, MxA protein expression was found to be lower in children with vitamin A and zinc deficiencies when compared to those without deficiencies in cases of viral ARTI. Thus, MxA expression may serve as a diagnostic tool for distinguishing viral from bacterial ARTI, especially in populations where the prevalence of micronutrient-deficient children is high, such as in Indonesia.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36019,"journal":{"name":"Medicine in Microecology","volume":"23 ","pages":"Article 100119"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143144433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the promise of psychobiotics: Bridging gut microbiota and mental health for a flourishing society","authors":"Neel Kamal ,&nbsp;Baljeet Singh Saharan ,&nbsp;Joginder Singh Duhan ,&nbsp;Ashwani Kumar ,&nbsp;Payal Chaudhary ,&nbsp;Chhaya Goyal ,&nbsp;Mukesh Kumar ,&nbsp;Nikita Goyat ,&nbsp;Meena Sindhu ,&nbsp;Priti Mudgil","doi":"10.1016/j.medmic.2024.100118","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.medmic.2024.100118","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mental health problems have become one of the major issues worldwide. People of every age group and gender are facing psychological issues. Conventional medicines are not reliable due to their adverse effects like altered sleeping pattern, addiction and health problems throughout the entire body. Psychobiotics is a new class of probiotics that is serving a wide range of applications in psychological health. Psychobiotic refers to the biological formulation which when consumed in right amount, confers psychological benefits. A lot of studies have supported the function of gut microbiota in mood cognition and controlling anxiety. The mechanism of action of psychobiotics has not been completely investigated. However, it may confer benefits by modulating hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, by directly influencing immune system and through production of various neurotransmitters and neurohormones like proteins and short fatty acids chains. This review highlights the potential of different bacterial strains in human and animal trials. It latter also covers various psychobiotics formulations marketed by different companies. In addition to this, we also tried to cover the various hurdles in psychobiotic research that need to be addressed in the future to build a prosperous society.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36019,"journal":{"name":"Medicine in Microecology","volume":"23 ","pages":"Article 100118"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143144432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biosynthesis of chitosan encapsulated silver- nanoparticles using Probiotic-Lactobacillus plantarum strain and it's in vitro anticancer assessment on HeLa cells","authors":"Anjali K. Ravi ,&nbsp;Saradhadevi Muthukrishnan ,&nbsp;Gayathiri Gunasangkaran ,&nbsp;Vijaya Anand Arumugam ,&nbsp;Velayuthaprabhu Shanmugam ,&nbsp;Kunnathur Murugesan Sakthivel ,&nbsp;Marie Arockianathan Pushpam ,&nbsp;Ashokkumar Kaliyaperumal","doi":"10.1016/j.medmic.2024.100117","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.medmic.2024.100117","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cervical cancer remains the deadliest cancer among women worldwide. Investigating the molecular mechanisms of tumor progression by targeting signaling pathways can provide insights into novel therapeutic strategies to overcome the limitations of conventional treatments. Green synthesis of nanoparticles addresses conventional treatment drawbacks like chemotherapy and radiation. This study aims to green synthesize, characterize, and evaluate chitosan-encapsulated silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using <em>Lactobacillus plantarum</em> probiotics against cervical cancer HeLa cells, targeting the EMT mechanism. The green synthesized chitosan encapsulated Silver- Nanoparticles using probiotic -<em>Lactobacillus plantarum</em> (CS-LP-AgNPs) were characterized using UV–vis spectroscopy, which showed a peak at 420 nm confirming the reduction of AgNPs. Zeta and DLS analysis revealed the particle surface charge and stability. TEM analysis demonstrated that CS-LP-AgNPs are spherically shaped, with a size of approximately 15.3 nm. XRD patterns confirmed the crystalline nature of CS-LP-AgNPs. FTIR spectroscopy confirmed that CS-LP-AgNPs were functionalized with biomolecules. DAPI and double staining were employed to examine characteristic nuclear and morphological changes during apoptosis. Gene expression profiles of EMT in HeLa cell lines were performed to evaluate the anticancer potency of CS-LP-AgNPs. MTT assay demonstrated cytotoxic activity, whereas DAPI/(AO/EB) double staining images showed the induced apoptosis in HeLa cells by CS-LP-AgNPs treatment. CS-LP-AgNPs treated HeLa cells showed decreased SNAIL/EMT via enhancing apoptotic cascade mechanism. Green synthesized CS-LP-AgNPs may be considered an effective anti-cancer drug delivery system for the treatment of CC in the future.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36019,"journal":{"name":"Medicine in Microecology","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 100117"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142702843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnosis of tuberculous lymphadenitis by molecular and immunological tools","authors":"Nitin Kumar ,&nbsp;Anish Khan ,&nbsp;Sanjit Boora ,&nbsp;Neha Chadha ,&nbsp;Nisha Khan ,&nbsp;Puneet Raina ,&nbsp;Rajesh Gupta ,&nbsp;Raj Singh ,&nbsp;Samander Kaushik","doi":"10.1016/j.medmic.2024.100116","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.medmic.2024.100116","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Tuberculous lymphadenitis (TBL) represents the prevailing presentation of extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) that comprises ∼35 % of EPTB cases, respectively and mainly occurs at cervical lymph nodes. Diagnostic challenge in TBL is primarily due to paucibacillary nature of specimens, and most common laboratory tests produced inconclusive findings.</div></div><div><h3>Areas covered</h3><div>We evaluated the literature on current diagnostic methods for TBL. Smear microscopy, culture, tuberculin skin test, interferon-γ release assay, biochemical assessments, imaging, histopathological, and cytological examination, <em>etc.</em> are various conventional methods used to diagnose TBL but these are insufficient. Further, nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs) such as loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), PCR/multiplex-PCR, nested-PCR, real-time PCR, and GeneXpert®MTB/RIF utilized for TBL diagnosis but they have their own merits and demerits. Presently, several tools have been employed for detection of circulating <em>Mtb</em> cell-free DNA (cfDNA) through NAATs, aptamer-linked immobilized sorbent assay, and immuno-PCR (I-PCR), <em>etc.</em></div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Currently, there is no single accessible test available for effective diagnosis of TBL. In this review, we summarized all detailed conventional methodologies along with additional tools such as ALISA, I-PCR, and cfDNA for detection of <em>Mtb</em> biomarkers that have been utilized for diagnosis of pulmonary TB (PTB) and various forms of EPTB that may also be investigated for diagnosis of TBL. Early diagnosis and treatment would help in reducing the severe complications associated with TBL such as fistula, ulceration, or abscess formation in lymph nodes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36019,"journal":{"name":"Medicine in Microecology","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 100116"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142702842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antibacterial activity of Ocimum sanctum L. essential oil against multidrug resistance bacteria vaginosis","authors":"Paul Akinniyi Akinduti ,&nbsp;Oluwashindara Lydia Osunlola ,&nbsp;Feyisikemi Adenike Adebekun ,&nbsp;David Temiloluwa Viavonu ,&nbsp;Gift Nzubechi Elughi ,&nbsp;Oluwasegun Popoola ,&nbsp;Somrat Adeola Abdulsalami","doi":"10.1016/j.medmic.2024.100115","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.medmic.2024.100115","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The antibiotic resistance of Bacteria Vaginosis (BV) isolates intensifies vaginal morbidity and genital infections facilitating poor treatment outcome and severe vaginal pathology. The phytochemicals in <em>Ocimum sanctum</em> essential oil (OsEO) were investigated for their antibacterial activity against bacteria vaginosis and major metabolites on multidrug resistance (MDR) strains. Bacteria pathogens isolated from vaginal samples (n = 40) obtained from patients with confirmed BV were analysed for hemolytic activity, biofilm production and profiled for antibiotic resistance. Extracted OsEO was profiled with GC-MS and analysed for antibacterial activity. Of the recovered bacteria pathogens (n = 241) associated with vaginosis including <em>Streptococcus pyogenes</em> (34 %), <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> (31 %) and <em>Escherichia coli</em> (10 %) and less than 10 % <em>Klebsiella oxytoca, Enterobacter cloaca, Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em> and <em>Citrobacter freundii</em> were identified. Significant rates of 21.6 %, 4.6 % and 2.3 % were weak, mild and strong biofilm producers respectively and overall 26.6 % were hemolytic strains (p &lt; 0.05). More than 60 % resistance to ceftriaxone sulbactam, ampiclox, cefuroxime, cefotaxime, nalidixic acid and cefexime was observed in BV with significant proportion showing MARI&gt;0.2 (p &lt; 0.05). Hierarchical clustering of MDR BV strains provided related clustered bacteria pathogens having a very low susceptibility to iminepem, cefuroxime, and amoxycillin/clavulanate. More than 1.2 % saponin, alkaloids and flavonoids levels in OsEO gave significant inhibitory activities at IC50 (25.0 μg/mL) and IC90 (50.0 μg/mL) and significant inhibitory association with phytochemical compounds (eta = 0.457, p = 0.015). OsEO cyclohexene and methanoazulene metabolites showed significant antibacterial association with BV strains (p &lt; 0.05). The OsEO phytochemical metabolites showed antibacterial activity against multidrug resistance BV and identified cyclohexene and methanoazulene are promising candidates for developing formulations as topical antimicrobial agents for BV treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36019,"journal":{"name":"Medicine in Microecology","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 100115"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142702841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bacterial etiology and antimicrobial resistance pattern of community-acquired urinary tract infection in older adults","authors":"Aza Bahadeen Taha","doi":"10.1016/j.medmic.2024.100114","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.medmic.2024.100114","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are a significant cause of morbidity in elderly individuals and remain a persistent challenge for medical professionals. This study aimed to identify the bacteria causing community-acquired (CA) UTIs in older patients, determine their antimicrobial resistance patterns, assess the prevalence of polymicrobial infections, and identify the risk factors.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Urine samples were obtained from patients with symptomatic UTIs and then cultured on blood and MacConkey agar. Positive cultures were identified and tested for antimicrobial susceptibility using the VITEK 2 system.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Polymicrobial infections were found in 69/427 (16.16 %) of older patients with CA-UTIs and associated with diabetes (p = 0.007), previous antimicrobial use (p = 0.025), and recurrent urinary infections (p = 0.043). <em>Escherichia coli</em> was the leading pathogen (57.26 %), and <em>Klebsiella pneumoniae</em> was identified in 15.32 % of CA-UTIs. <em>Escherichia coli</em> was more common in non-diabetic patients (60.81 %) than diabetes (43.69 %). However, the rates of <em>Klebsiella</em> species were higher in diabetes (20.39 %) than non-diabetes (14.50 %). Gram-negative uropathogens showed 49.89 % resistance to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, while imipenem is the least resistant (7.19 %). The gram-positive uropathogens were resistant to 9.80 % of linezolid and highly resistant to erythromycin (74.51 %), tetracycline (72.55 %), and gentamicin (70.59 %).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div><em>Escherichia</em> coli isolates were the predominant bacteria in the elderly and highly resistant to amoxicillin-clavulanic. The most effective drug against gram-negative bacteria was imipenem, while linezolid proved potently effective against gram-positive bacteria. Diabetes, previous antimicrobial use, and recurrent urinary infections are risk factors for polymicrobial UTIs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36019,"journal":{"name":"Medicine in Microecology","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 100114"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142416140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}