Porphyromonas gingivalis modulates E-cadherin expression: a mini-review of possible involved mechanisms

Abstract

Background

Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis), the bacterial strain responsible for pathogenic changes in periodontitis, can significantly deteriorate epithelial integrity, leading to its malfunction as a protective barrier against pathogens. As one of the known intercellular adhesive proteins, E-cadherin can be affected by P. gingivalis.

Objectives

This review summarizes the most recent research on the effect of this bacterium on E-cadherin, the suggested involved mechanisms, and the contribution of this protein deterioration in the systemic disease associated with periodontitis.

Methods

In September 2024, a comprehensive search was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. The search focused on articles published within the last five years. Review and non-English articles were excluded. Out of 83 records found in databases, 10 records were selected for this study.

Results and conclusion

Most recent studies have consistently demonstrated the downregulation of E-cadherin in P. gingivalis-infected cells and tissues. However, there remains a need to elucidate the contribution of the bacterial infection and E-cadherin downregulation that occur during systemic diseases related to periodontitis, such as Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in cancer development.