Medicine in Microecology最新文献

{"title":"Microbiota during pregnancy, childbirth, and postpartum, and its relationship with health and disease states","authors":"Adriana Alejandra Márquez Ibarra,&nbsp;Laura Fernanda Barrera Hernández,&nbsp;Edith Valbuena Gregorio,&nbsp;Francisco Javier Olivas Aguirre,&nbsp;Jael Teresa de Jesús Quintero Vargas","doi":"10.1016/j.medmic.2025.100141","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.medmic.2025.100141","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Metabolic adaptations are essential for achieving a healthy full-term pregnancy. These changes are influenced by the maternal microbiota, specifically its composition and diversity, which are, in turn, shaped by the physiological demands of pregnancy. This review examines scientific evidence on the role of the microbiota during pregnancy, childbirth, and the postpartum period, and its association with both health and disease states. Notable microbiota shifts during pregnancy include changes in the vaginal microbiota (with a predominance of <em>Lactobacillus</em> species), the gastrointestinal tract (increased levels of <em>Proteobacteria</em> and <em>Actinobacteria</em>), the oral cavity (higher prevalence of bacteria such as <em>Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans</em>), and breast milk (presence of <em>Lactobacillus</em> spp.). Disruption of microbial homeostasis (dysbiosis) during pregnancy has been linked to a variety of obstetric, fetal, and neonatal complications, including gestational diabetes, preeclampsia, intrauterine growth restriction, low birth weight, and preterm birth. Multiple studies have documented the role of diet in the development of dysbiosis and its connection to mental health disorders. Diets high in saturated fats appear to significantly influence gut microbiota due to their pro-inflammatory effects. Additionally, low fiber intake has been associated with reduced microbial diversity and an increased abundance of <em>Collinsella</em>, a genus linked to type 2 diabetes. Therefore, dietary interventions aimed at enhancing microbial balance and reducing systemic inflammation are recommended. A multidisciplinary approach is also crucial for translating current findings into clinical strategies, particularly for populations at increased risk.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36019,"journal":{"name":"Medicine in Microecology","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100141"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144739708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative cytotoxicity of a glycolipopeptide biosurfactant from Lactobacillus plantarum and its derived silver nanoparticles against breast cancer cells","authors":"Zaid Mohammed Joodi Al-Janabi ,&nbsp;Waseem Yousif M. Al-dulaimy ,&nbsp;Maryam Hekmat Abdulateef ,&nbsp;Aeshah Abbood Ahmed ,&nbsp;Mohammed Kadhom","doi":"10.1016/j.medmic.2025.100140","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.medmic.2025.100140","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The present study describes the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using a glycolipopeptide (GLP) biosurfactant produced by <em>Lactobacillus plantarum</em>, and evaluates their physicochemical characteristics and anticancer potential. The formation of AgNPs was visually confirmed by a color change and further characterized by UV–Vis, XRD, AFM, and TEM, revealing spherical particles ranging from 20 to 300 nm. Zeta potential analysis (−32.1 mV) confirmed strong colloidal stability. FTIR and GC-MS analyses identified key functional groups and bioactive compounds in the GLP, including fatty acids and lipopeptides responsible for both surface activity and biological effects. Surface tension (32.4 mN/m) and emulsification index (61.5 %) further validated the biosurfactant's amphiphilic nature. In vitro cytotoxicity assays against MCF-7 breast cancer cells demonstrated dose-dependent effects, with the GLP and AgNPs showing 60.59 % and 54.77 % inhibition, respectively, at 400 μg/mL. Their combination enhanced cytotoxicity to 69.14 % while maintaining minimal toxicity toward WRL-68 normal liver cells, indicating selective activity. Compared to doxorubicin (IC₅₀ ≈ 0.98 μg/mL, SI ≈ 1.01), the green formulations displayed a higher selectivity index (SI ≈ 2.71). The enhanced cytotoxicity is likely attributed to reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, apoptosis induction, and membrane disruption. Although our findings highlight the dual functionality of the GLP biosurfactant as both a nanoparticle stabilizer and a bioactive agent, further in vivo studies and mechanistic investigations are warranted to validate its potential in cancer therapy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36019,"journal":{"name":"Medicine in Microecology","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100140"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144749134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in gut health: Implications for drug metabolism and therapeutics","authors":"P. Sankarganesh ,&nbsp;Adrija Bhunia ,&nbsp;A. Ganesh Kumar ,&nbsp;A. Surendra Babu ,&nbsp;S.T. Gopukumar ,&nbsp;E. Lokesh","doi":"10.1016/j.medmic.2025.100139","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.medmic.2025.100139","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are the primary energy substrate for colonocytes, synthesized in the gut when gut microbiomes ferment the dietary fibers. SCFAs play crucial roles in maintaining gut homeostasis and exerting systemic effects beyond the gastrointestinal tract. Liver disorders, cardiovascular, diabetes, and obesity like metabolic syndromes are strongly associated with these metabolites’ imbalance. Determining the genetic variability, diet-gene interactions, and microbiome diversity in SCFA production is essential for creation of targeted interventions to optimize gut health and mitigate disease risk. The present review aims to elucidate the nutrigenomics and nitrogenic analysis to improve SCFAs to modulate intestinal barrier function, regulate immune responses, and influence host metabolism. This review summarizes deep insights into the multifaceted functions of SCFAs, therapeutic potential of SCFAs in promoting a thriving gut system and overall health and their involvement in neurological and metabolic disorders, highlighting the complex mechanism between gut microbiota and systemic health. A model was proposed to produce resistant starch as source of SCFAs production. The specific bacteria involved in SCFAs production and their functions also discussed. In addition to outlining the potential benefits of SCFAs for human health, it specified the factors influencing and obstacles to this field of study and offered suggestions for future research directions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36019,"journal":{"name":"Medicine in Microecology","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100139"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144631631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Faecal microbiota transplantation as a novel approach for autism-associated anxiety: A critical therapeutic appraisal","authors":"Tanushree D. Malode ,&nbsp;Pranali Chandurkar ,&nbsp;Brijesh G. Taksande ,&nbsp;Amol A. Tatode ,&nbsp;Mohammad Qutub ,&nbsp;Tanvi Premchandani ,&nbsp;Milind J. Umekar ,&nbsp;Jayshree B. Taksande","doi":"10.1016/j.medmic.2025.100138","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.medmic.2025.100138","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental condition characterized by social communication deficits and restrictive, repetitive behaviors. A significant proportion of individuals with ASD also suffer from anxiety disorders, further compounding their behavioral and emotional challenges. Conventional therapies for anxiety in ASD, including pharmacological and behavioral interventions, often yield suboptimal results and carry notable limitations. Growing research highlights the critical role of the gut-brain axis in neurodevelopment and emotional regulation, with gut microbiota dysbiosis increasingly implicated in both ASD and anxiety pathogenesis. Faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), a therapeutic approach aimed at restoring microbial homeostasis by transferring fecal material from healthy donors, has emerged as a novel intervention of interest. Preclinical studies have demonstrated that alterations in gut microbiota can modulate social behaviors and anxiety-like symptoms, with FMT reversing many pathological features in animal models. Early clinical investigations, though limited, suggest that FMT may improve gastrointestinal health, core ASD symptoms, and comorbid anxiety. Mechanistically, FMT is thought to reduce neuroinflammation, restore neurotransmitter balance, and normalize stress responses by enhancing gut microbial diversity and metabolic function. However, significant challenges remain, including concerns about safety, standardization, donor selection, and regulatory approval. Future research must focus on large-scale, controlled trials and the identification of biomarkers predictive of FMT response to establish its therapeutic potential more conclusively. This review critically examines the existing evidence, explores the mechanistic pathways linking gut microbiota to anxiety in ASD, and discusses the future directions necessary to translate FMT into a viable clinical strategy for autism-associated anxiety.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36019,"journal":{"name":"Medicine in Microecology","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100138"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144523440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The metabolic and immunomodulatory functions of Bacteroides fragilis; a next-generation probiotic?","authors":"Roya Roustapoor ,&nbsp;Elmira Abdi ,&nbsp;Atiye Khabbaz ,&nbsp;Armin Abdi","doi":"10.1016/j.medmic.2025.100137","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.medmic.2025.100137","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Today, probiotics are one of the most popular microbial groups for the development of research due to their naturalness and beneficial health effects. Recently, next-generation probiotics (NGPs), with the emerging concept of live biotherapeutic products have been proposed. <em>Bacteroides</em> and especially <em>Bacteroides fragilis</em>, as a potent NGP, is one of the members of the gut microbiota and, like a double-edged sword, plays a role in both causing diseases such as colitis, colorectal cancer, and Alzheimer's, and in preventing and improving diseases such as colitis, cancer, central nervous system disorders, infectious diseases, asthma, and abscesses. In fact, certain strains of <em>B. fragilis</em> have been found to exert beneficial effects on the host. Therefore, our aim in this study was to review and summarize the role and metabolic status of <em>B. fragilis</em> in the body, focusing on its immunomodulatory and beneficial effects.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36019,"journal":{"name":"Medicine in Microecology","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100137"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144321466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deciphering CAP1 of Candida albicans as a key druggable target protein","authors":"Neha Jaiswal,&nbsp;Awanish Kumar","doi":"10.1016/j.medmic.2025.100136","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.medmic.2025.100136","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Candida albicans</em> is a significant opportunistic fungal pathogen known for its virulence and capacity to develop multidrug resistance (MDR), complicating treatment efforts. Its pathogenicity is driven by factors such as adhesion to host tissues, morphological switching between yeast and filamentous forms, biofilm formation, and the secretion of hydrolytic enzymes. These mechanisms allow <em>C. albicans</em> to evade the host immune response, persist on medical devices, and resist available antifungal treatments. In our study, we investigated the CAP1 protein as a potent therapeutic target due to its critical role in these processes. Further, we identified its localization, and it was found that CAP1 is located in the cytoplasm, which further makes it a viable drug target. The gene ontology analysis reveals that CAP1 is involved in crucial cellular functions, including metabolism and regulation, suggesting that inhibiting CAP1 could disrupt essential processes. Our findings reveal that CAP1 is expressed in both planktonic, hyphal, and biofilm stages of <em>C. albicans</em>, playing a pivotal role in the transition from planktonic to hyphal and biofilm states. The interaction analysis via string database and Cytoscape highlights the extensive protein-protein interaction network centred around CAP1. This network includes key proteins such as ALS3, HWP1, TUP1, SAP4, and others involved in MDR, like MRR1, MDR2, CDR1, and biofilm formation. CAP1's interactions with these proteins suggest its crucial role in phase switching, regulating virulence, and pathogenicity. The identification of CAP1 as a central hub protein within this network underscores its significance in the regulation of MDR and biofilm formation of <em>C. albicans</em>, which highlights its potential as a promising futuristic target for the development of effective antifungal agents.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36019,"journal":{"name":"Medicine in Microecology","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100136"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144321465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Carbapenemase-producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from patients exhibited multidrug resistance in Sokoto, Nigeria","authors":"Hassan Bawa ,&nbsp;Kabiru Mohammed ,&nbsp;Abdulrazak Nuhu ,&nbsp;Abdulmalik Shuaibu ,&nbsp;Farhan Rhidor Akorede ,&nbsp;Olalekan Adesola ,&nbsp;Muhammad Bashir Bello ,&nbsp;Abdurrahman Hassan Jibril","doi":"10.1016/j.medmic.2025.100134","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.medmic.2025.100134","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Carbapenemase-producing <em>P. aeruginosa</em> is one of the top priority pathogens responsible for treatment failures in cystic fibrosis, abscess and soft tissue infections. The study aimed to determine the prevalence of carbapenemase-producing <em>P. aeruginosa</em> in patients visiting two major public hospitals in Sokoto, Nigeria.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Two hundred and four samples were collected from in- and outpatients attending two major public hospitals in Sokoto, Nigeria. Identifying <em>P. aeruginosa</em> involved culturing on cetrimide agar and confirming by PCR detection of the <em>oprI</em> and <em>oprL</em> genes <em>specific to P. aeruginosa.</em> Isolates were screened for sensitivity to ten antibiotics using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion test. To identify carbapenemase production, isolates resistant to meropenem and imipenem were further screened using the combined disc synergy test. Molecular detection of carbapenemase was done using PCR detection of <em>bla</em>_VIM, <em>bla</em>_KPC and <em>bla</em>_IMP genes.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Out of the 204 samples collected, 26 (12.7 %) of <em>P. aeruginosa</em> were recovered. All 26 isolates demonstrated resistance to more than three classes of antibiotics tested. Notably, 19.2 % (5/26) of the isolates were pan-drug-resistant to all antibiotics tested. Besides, 65.4 % (14/26) of isolates were at least resistant to ampicillin, kanamycin, cefotaxime, trimethoprim and chloramphenicol. A combined disk synergy test showed six isolates to produce carbapenemase enzyme. Likewise, <em>bla</em>_VIM and <em>bla</em>_IMP were detected in all of these isolates, while <em>bla</em>_KPC was not detected in any.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The presence of carbapenemase-producing <em>P. aeruginosa</em> (carrying <em>bla</em>_VIM and <em>bla</em>_IMP genes) among hospital patients in Sokoto and the high antibiotic resistance detected represent a challenging threat to public health. Further research is crucial to understanding this carbapenemase gene's transmission source and developing effective strategies to combat it.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36019,"journal":{"name":"Medicine in Microecology","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100134"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144279476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The subtle threat of human papilloma virus: A comprehensive overview","authors":"Nisha Beniwal ,&nbsp;Baljeet Singh Saharan","doi":"10.1016/j.medmic.2025.100135","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.medmic.2025.100135","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Oncogenic viruses that flourish in people as well as animals can produce malignances. With almost more than 200 different forms, human papillomavirus (HPV) is the main oncogenic virus present in the reproductive tract. The most common form is HPV 16; large amounts of this type have been found in warty and basaloid vulvar cancer. Particularly HPV strains 6, 11, and 18, which are linked to vaginal cancer, women who participate in sexual activity have a higher risk of obtaining HPV. Comprising five species and a 7.9 kilobase genome, HPV consists in 120 identified strains. Men have more HPV infections than women; 11.5 % of men and 3.2 % of women get infected with HPV. Men who engage in oral intercourse with two or more partners had the highest prevalence of oral HPV infection; high-risk oral HPV is linked with factors including cigarette and marijuana usage. Because of concurrent genital HPV infection, women had three times higher oral HPV infection rate. As HPV DNA can transform normal breast cells into a unique and self-sustaining phenotype, conision is a definitive sign of HPV infection. Linked to HPV, cancer is a major worldwide burden; several types of cancers in humans are brought on by HPV infection. Cryotherapy for cervical intra epithelial neoplasia (CIN), photodynamic therapy (PDT), prodrug 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA)-mediated PDT, HPV inactivation by antiviral medicine and salicylic acid, and medications against cancer and monoclonal antibodies comprise treatment and preventive techniques. Among the FDA-approved treatments for several malignancies include Bleomycin sulfates, gemcitabine and cisplatin, topotecan hydrochloride, bevacizumab, pembrolizumab, platinum and fluorouracil, and durvalumab. This paper offers a thorough review of HPV-related cervical cancer addressing issues including pathogenesis, laboratory diagnosis, treatment, prevention, infection, epidemiology, global effect.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36019,"journal":{"name":"Medicine in Microecology","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100135"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144240941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing antimicrobial efficacy: Gum acacia-enriched Lactobacillus consortium against multidrug-resistant pathogens","authors":"Jinal Bhola,&nbsp;Rama Bhadekar","doi":"10.1016/j.medmic.2025.100132","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.medmic.2025.100132","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The escalating challenge of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has rendered many pathogens impervious to conventional antibiotics, necessitating novel therapeutic approaches. This study evaluates the antimicrobial potential of a Gum Acacia-enriched Active GRAS Consortium (AGC), composed of <em>Lactobacillus plantarum</em>, <em>L. acidophilus</em>, and <em>L. casei</em> var. <em>rhamnosus</em>, against multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens. AGC formulations, with (Set IV) and without (Set III) gum acacia, were tested against clinical isolates of <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em>, <em>Acinetobacter baumannii</em>, <em>Klebsiella pneumoniae</em>, and <em>Escherichia coli</em>. Set IV demonstrated significantly enhanced antimicrobial activity, with inhibition zones reaching 18.7 mm, minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) as low as 0.83 mg/ml, and strong biofilm inhibition. Mechanistic assays revealed amplified DNA release from treated pathogens and unique antimicrobial protein profiles (&lt;6.5 kDa) stabilized by gum acacia. Scanning electron microscopy confirmed severe ultrastructural damage, including membrane disruption and lysis, in Set IV-treated pathogens. Adhesion assays on Caco-2 cells highlighted Set IV's ability to reduce pathogen adhesion to 5 %, outperforming non-GA enriched formulation. These results underscore the synergistic role of probiotics and natural polysaccharides, like gum acacia, in combating MDR pathogens. Set IV's dual action-direct pathogen inhibition and biofilm disruption-positions it as a promising candidate for alternative or adjunctive therapies in AMR management. This study highlights the potential of integrating probiotics and prebiotics to create innovative solutions addressing the global AMR crisis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36019,"journal":{"name":"Medicine in Microecology","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100132"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144240940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular insights into the impact of environmental pollution on gut microbiota and short chain fatty acids (SCFA) mediated metabolic dysregulation","authors":"S.P. Ramya Ranjan Nayak ,&nbsp;Anamika Das ,&nbsp;Ki Choon Choi ,&nbsp;M. Valan Arasu ,&nbsp;S. Karthick Raja Namasivayam ,&nbsp;Ajay Guru ,&nbsp;Jesu Arockiaraj","doi":"10.1016/j.medmic.2025.100133","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.medmic.2025.100133","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>There is an undeniable link between environmental pollution and various metabolic disorders, as well as increased mortality rates. This phenomenon has become a significant concern in the health field over the past few decades. Multiple scientific studies have provided evidence that environmental pollutants can directly disturb the equilibrium of gut microbiota. It is well-known that an imbalance in gut microbes leads to alterations in their metabolic byproducts. A notable byproduct is short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), mainly generated through the fermentation of indigestible carbohydrates by gut bacteria. There is a growing body of evidence indicating that SCFAs have a significant impact on overall health and the development of various diseases. Recent advancements in SCFA research have highlighted their considerable effects on various physiological systems operating at the cellular and molecular levels. Considering the role of SCFAs in regulating G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) and histone deacetylase (HADC), it becomes evident that their upregulation or downregulation can significantly impact the development of various diseases. This review explores the impact of various environmental pollutants on SCFA levels. Furthermore, it delves into the possible implications of SCFAs on developing different diseases and the intricate molecular mechanisms involved.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36019,"journal":{"name":"Medicine in Microecology","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100133"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144223270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}