Medicine in Microecology最新文献

{"title":"Gut brain axis and gut microbiome in glioblastoma. Associations, treatment and outcomes","authors":"Nandita Ganesh ,&nbsp;Azeena Saleem ,&nbsp;Roja Babu ,&nbsp;Praveenkumar Kochuthakidiyel Suresh","doi":"10.1016/j.medmic.2025.100131","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.medmic.2025.100131","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Most of the fundamental functions of the body hinge on the gut-brain axis which is a complex communication system connecting gut and brain. Recent studies show that the gut microbiome plays a significant role in the growth and progression of glioblastoma (GBM), influenced through this gut-brain connection. This review focuses on the recent development in gut brain axis and gut microbiome in GBM, including their roles in the immune system, and the results of treatment. We conducted a broad review to explore how the gut microbiota affects neurotransmitters, the immune system, and the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in GBM by analysing the recent studies published in PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and Elsevier. Findings suggest that the gut microbiota population affects the GBM progression and sustenance. Also, it is observed that there is significant influence of gut microbiota in novel treatment strategies of GBM such as immunotherapy. The gut-brain axis plays an important role GBM progression. Changing the gut microbiota could be a useful treatment strategy. Future studies are required to further explore in which specific microbes are involved in order to identify microbiota-based markers to improve GBM treatments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36019,"journal":{"name":"Medicine in Microecology","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100131"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144169647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to “The effect of oral bacterial lysates on the respiratory microbiome in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbations – A pilot study” [Med Microecol, Volume 14, December 2022, 100067]","authors":"Yafei Qi ,&nbsp;Zhou Zhu ,&nbsp;Xiaomin Liu ,&nbsp;Junhao Yang ,&nbsp;Weimin Zhang ,&nbsp;Jinlun Huang ,&nbsp;Hong Li ,&nbsp;Weijie Guan ,&nbsp;Zhang Wang ,&nbsp;Yinhuan Li","doi":"10.1016/j.medmic.2025.100130","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.medmic.2025.100130","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36019,"journal":{"name":"Medicine in Microecology","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100130"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144860685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the therapeutic promise of Trichodesma indicum: A phytochemical, antioxidant, and in silico insights into anti-arthritis properties","authors":"Thavasiaanatham Seenivasan Shalini ,&nbsp;Ragothaman Prathiviraj ,&nbsp;Poomalai Senthilraja","doi":"10.1016/j.medmic.2025.100129","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.medmic.2025.100129","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The present study provides a comprehensive phytochemical and pharmacological evaluation of <em>Trichodesma indicum</em> methanolic leaf extract, highlighting its potential as a source of bioactive compounds with significant antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-arthritic properties. The extract's total phenolic content was quantified as 2.28 μg gallic acid equivalents (GAE) per gram of dry weight. In contrast, total flavonoid content was measured at 2.48 μg quercetin equivalents (QE) per gram. The extract exhibited potent antioxidant activity through DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP assays. DPPH radical scavenging assay revealed concentration-dependent antioxidant activity for the methanolic extract (25–150 μg/mL), with inhibition percentages ranging from 10.69 ± 0.7 % to 45.65 ± 0.7 %. Ascorbic acid, used as a standard, exhibited comparable inhibition (17.16 ± 0.6 % to 49.18 ± 0.6 %). ABTS radical scavenging assays further confirmed the extract's antioxidant potential, showing 36.79 ± 0.6 % inhibition at 100 μg/mL, marginally exceeding ascorbic acid (35.82 ± 0.5 %). Ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays indicated dose-dependent activity, with the extract reducing Fe³⁺ at 39.80 ± 0.4 % (25 μg/mL) to 54.55 ± 0.5 % (100 μg/mL), closely mirroring ascorbic acid (52.93 ± 0.5 % to 61.91 ± 0.6 %<strong>)</strong> along with antibacterial effects against five pathogens, with inhibition zones ranging from 13 to 26 mm. Functional group analysis via FT-IR confirmed the presence of diverse bioactive constituents, while HR-LCMS identified 72 phytocompounds (35 in positive ionization; 37 in negative ionization) which 52 passed ADMET screening, most exhibited good solubility (−2.336 to −4.539 log units) and blood-brain barrier penetration indicating their potential pharmacokinetic suitability. Molecular docking studies further validated the therapeutic potential of these compounds, with Grossamide (PubChem ID: 101262727) demonstrating the highest binding affinity against both antibacterial (LibDock score: 173.57 shown as <em>E. coli</em>; GyrB) and anti-arthritic, Sphinganine (PubChem ID: 91486) exhibiting multi-interaction binding modes of (LibDock score: 169.42; 6COX) and Grossamide (LibDock score: 201.94; 8K5V) as lead candidates, Thus, <em>T. indicum</em> promising bioactive molecules that could serve as effective candidates for antimicrobial and anti-arthritic drug development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36019,"journal":{"name":"Medicine in Microecology","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100129"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144115691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The gut-skin axis in psoriasis: Evidence-based insights from a meta-analysis on probiotics-synbiotics-mediated microbiota interventions","authors":"Nurlinah Amalia ,&nbsp;Danar Wicaksono ,&nbsp;Elvan Wiyarta ,&nbsp;Derren David Christian Homenta Rampengan ,&nbsp;Hari Darmawan ,&nbsp;Muhammad Reva Aditya ,&nbsp;Ariq Fadhil Athallah ,&nbsp;Maulana Bagus Adi Cahyono ,&nbsp;Aiman Idrus Alatas ,&nbsp;Trina Ekawati Tallei ,&nbsp;Raymond Rubianto Tjandrawinata ,&nbsp;Arun K. Bhunia ,&nbsp;Fahrul Nurkolis","doi":"10.1016/j.medmic.2025.100126","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.medmic.2025.100126","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Psoriasis, a chronic immune-mediated skin condition, has been intricately linked to gut microbiota dysbiosis through the gut-skin axis. This meta-analysis synthesizes data from 15 randomized controlled trials encompassing 1,423 participants to evaluate the efficacy of gut microbiota interventions—probiotics and synbiotics—in psoriasis management. The findings reveal that probiotics significantly improved the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) (Mean Difference [MD]: −4.05, 95 % CI: −6.73 to −1.38; p &lt; 0.0001) and Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) (MD: −5.74, 95 % CI: −11.45 to −0.03; p = 0.0001), outperforming synbiotics and systemic pharmacological therapies such as anti-TNF-α and anti-interleukin agents. Notably, probiotics demonstrated superior systemic anti-inflammatory (TNF-α and IL-17) and immunomodulatory responses, and enhanced gut barrier integrity. This study highlights probiotics as a promising adjunct or alternative therapy, paving the way for integrative treatment strategies that address psoriasis's multifaceted pathophysiology. Future research should focus on long-term efficacy and molecular mechanisms to optimize outcomes. These findings could redefine therapeutic paradigms, offering a cost-effective and accessible solution for millions of psoriasis patients worldwide.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36019,"journal":{"name":"Medicine in Microecology","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100126"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143935331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The past, present, future of Listeria monocytogenes: Understanding the molecular pathways, antibiotic resistance and public health implications","authors":"Arpita Anupama,&nbsp;Veilumuthu Pattapulavar,&nbsp;John Godwin Christopher","doi":"10.1016/j.medmic.2025.100127","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.medmic.2025.100127","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Antibiotic resistance is a grave, potential threat to global health due to the continuing difficulty in treating bacterial infections. Misuse and overuse of antibiotics in humans and animals increase this resistance by creating \"superbugs\" impervious to multiple drug therapies. One pathogen that is acquiring resistance is <em>Listeria monocytogenes</em>, a gram-positive bacterium responsible for listeriosis, mainly in immunocompromised individuals. This pathogen's potential for biofilm formation in food processing environments enhances the threat even more, since such biofilms protect the bacteria from standard cleaning procedures and enhance its resistance to antibiotics. <em>Listeria monocytogenes</em> has several mechanisms of resistance against antibiotics by genetic alternations, efflux pumps, and biofilm formation, which exclude the antibiotic, and enzymatic degradation. These mechanisms make the bacteria successful in surviving a hostile environment and resisting several classes of antibiotics; hence, listeriosis is increasingly difficult to treat. It is, therefore, very important to understand the molecular dynamics of Listeria monocytogenes and its strategies of resistance if the design of new therapeutic approaches is to be successful and public health measures are to be effective in controlling the spread of the pathogen. Precisely, this paper attempts a detailed review of the mechanisms of <em>Listeria monocytogenes</em> pathogenesis and antibiotic resistance, together with public health implications that call for urgent innovative strategies in the war against this resilient pathogen.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36019,"journal":{"name":"Medicine in Microecology","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100127"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143924448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fecal microbiota transplantation for Parkinson's disease: A systematic review of clinical evidence","authors":"Subhiksha Shekar,&nbsp;Ramesh Venkatachalapathy,&nbsp;Akash Jayaraman,&nbsp;N. Sai Supra Siddhu","doi":"10.1016/j.medmic.2025.100128","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.medmic.2025.100128","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Targeting the gut-brain axis, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has become a cutting-edge therapeutic strategy for treating Parkinson's disease (PD), reducing both motor and non-motor symptoms. With an emphasis on gut microbiota changes, disease progression, and symptom alleviation, this systematic review assesses the safety and effectiveness of FMT in PD patients. Four RCTs, one observational research, one non-randomized control study, one case series, and one case report were among the eight papers that were considered; these studies comprised 144 patients in total. Key findings show that FMT has a good safety profile with only mild to severe adverse effects observed, and it significantly improves PD symptoms, notably constipation. Colonic, Nasointestinal, and oral administration were among the delivery routes used to assess treatment effectiveness using the MDS-UPDRS scale. The research reveals differences in the makeup of microbiota and emphasizes how FMT may affect the gut-brain axis, hence resolving neurological abnormalities in Parkinson's disease. Small sample numbers, variations in FMT methods, and the absence of long-term follow-up data are some of the limitations. This study highlights FMT's potential as an adjunctive treatment for Parkinson's disease (PD), especially in improving patient quality of life and reducing non-motor symptoms. To provide standardized procedures and validate long-term safety and effectiveness, bigger multicentre trials are necessary.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36019,"journal":{"name":"Medicine in Microecology","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100128"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143935332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of phytochemicals in modulating the gut microbiota: Implications for health and disease","authors":"Amandeep Singh ,&nbsp;Prabhjot Kaur ,&nbsp;Manish Kumar ,&nbsp;Sheeba Shafi ,&nbsp;Prabhat Kumar Upadhyay ,&nbsp;Abhishek Tiwari ,&nbsp;Varsha Tiwari ,&nbsp;Naresh Kumar Rangra ,&nbsp;Vidhya Thirunavukkarasu ,&nbsp;Sheeba Kumari ,&nbsp;Debajyoti Roy ,&nbsp;Maitrayee Ghosh ,&nbsp;Nidhi Arora ,&nbsp;Nandini Sharma ,&nbsp;Yukta Garg","doi":"10.1016/j.medmic.2025.100125","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.medmic.2025.100125","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The phytochemicals found in vegetables and fruits exert considerable impacts on the gut microbiota and human health. Polyphenols, flavonoids and terpenoids are some of these compounds that can increase the growth of good bacteria, while reducing the growth of the bad ones hence maintaining gut health. Phytochemicals positively modulate gut microbiota that in turn enhances gut barrier integrity, immune system and metabolism. They have also been associated with the disease prevention and control approaches that include inflammatory bowel disease, obesity, diabetes and heart ailments. These modifications are often affected by the particular composition of each individual's gut microbiota as well as variables like dose, bioavailability and mechanism of phytochemical such as its antioxidant capacity, anti-inflammatory effects, or ability to modulate metabolic pathways. Saponins, capsaicin and polyphenols (flavonoids, quercetin, and catechins) are promising phytochemicals for regulating the gut flora. These substances affect the chemical composition of microorganisms, decreasing dangerous pathogens and increasing helpful bacteria like <em>Lactobacillus</em> and <em>Bifidobacterium</em>. Additionally, they promote the synthesis of bioactive metabolites that have antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties. Based on individual microbial profiles, this targeted strategy may enhance gut health, prevent ailments like diabetes and obesity, and maximize treatment results. This review aims to explore the possibility and potential of phytochemicals as therapeutic agents for disease prevention and personalized medicine to advance understanding of their biological effects in disease prevention and modulation. Such knowledge might offer novel microbiota-directed approaches to improving human well-being.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36019,"journal":{"name":"Medicine in Microecology","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 100125"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143815923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating gene expression patterns for NF-κB1, TNF, and VEGF A& VEGF B in a mouse model of SARS-CoV-2 infection","authors":"Wael Hafez ,&nbsp;Asrar Rashid ,&nbsp;Feras Al-Obeidat ,&nbsp;Nouran Hamza ,&nbsp;Muneir Gador ,&nbsp;Antesh Yadav ,&nbsp;Mahmoud Abdelshakour ,&nbsp;Sondos A.H. Thuminat ,&nbsp;Tesfalidet Emoshe ,&nbsp;Samuel Tesfaye Tefera ,&nbsp;Seema Iqbal ,&nbsp;Mohammad Alkammar ,&nbsp;Alaaldeen Mohamed ,&nbsp;Farah El-Sadaany ,&nbsp;Daniel Simancas-Racines ,&nbsp;Ivan Cherrez-Ojeda","doi":"10.1016/j.medmic.2025.100124","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.medmic.2025.100124","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has encouraged extensive research into its pathophysiology, specifically the role of biomarkers in disease progression. Although TNF, NF-κB1, VEGF-A, and VEGF-B play fundamental roles in vascular development and the infection response, their precise involvement in COVID-19 remains unclear. We aimed to evaluate and synthesize TNF, NF-κB1, VEGF-A, and VEGF-B gene expression patterns in a mouse model of SARS-CoV-2 infection to understand their involvement in disease pathogenesis.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Gene datasets available on the open-source Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) platform were extracted from eleven specific datasets: GSE68220, GSE51387, GSE49262, GSE51386, GSE50000, GSE40824, GSE33266, GSE50878, GSE40840, GSE49263, and GSE40827. We used R 4.3.2 software in this analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A Substantial changes in the expression of VEGFA, VEGFB, TNF-, and NF-κB1 were observed. Upregulation of TNF- and NF-κB1 implies a strong inflammatory response, consistent with their established involvement in inflammation. Conversely, VEGFA and VEGFB showed a pattern of downregulation, suggesting alterations in the vascular and endothelial functions.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Substantial changes in TNF, NF-κB1, VEGFA, and VEGFB gene expression were observed During SARS-CoV infection, indicating their interconnected roles in disease pathogenesis. These findings improve our understanding of the molecular basis of COVID-19 vascular complications and will guide future research and therapies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36019,"journal":{"name":"Medicine in Microecology","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 100124"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143636854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contagious illness of tuberculosis and correlation with various types of cancer","authors":"Karthikeyan Sundaram ,&nbsp;Venkataraman Prabhu","doi":"10.1016/j.medmic.2025.100123","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.medmic.2025.100123","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tuberculosis is a contagious illness caused by the bacteria <em>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</em>. It spreads readily from one person to another through tiny particles called airborne droplet nuclei. Immunocompromised individuals are particularly susceptible to this infection. In this context, various types of leukemia, lymphoma, and lung carcinoma are linked with reinforces of tuberculosis. Similarly, the tuberculous granuloma is associated with the progression of the tumor significantly. However, the lung is the primary organ infected by tuberculosis, and the granuloma of this disease is reinforced to lung adenocarcinoma, Squamous cell carcinoma, and non-small cell lung cancer. Multiple studies have revealed the root cause of the spread of these two illnesses is attributed to the production of granulomas in the lungs, which in turn contributes to the development of both tuberculosis and lung cancer. Also, the clinical signs and symptoms of tuberculosis and other malignancies in various sites of the host represent severe complications, and diagnosis of these two diseases through adequate clinical testing is crucial. Computerized tomography and rapid diagnosis for cancer and tuberculosis are effective for controlling the disease progression, and timely detection helps to treat the patients. Thus, imaging techniques and molecular diagnosis are capable of providing precise diagnostic results. So, this review comprehensively analyzed the patients affected with tuberculosis in the lung and other sites that could progress the cancer, also reinforces of tuberculosis in patients with different types of cancer.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36019,"journal":{"name":"Medicine in Microecology","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 100123"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143510989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of macrolide antibiotics on gut microbiota diversity with age-specific implications and scientific insights","authors":"H. Shayista ,&nbsp;M.N. Nagendra Prasad ,&nbsp;S. Niranjan Raj ,&nbsp;Ashwini Prasad ,&nbsp;S. Satish ,&nbsp;H.K. Ranjini ,&nbsp;K. Manju ,&nbsp;Ravikumara ,&nbsp;Raghuraj Singh Chouhan ,&nbsp;Olga Y. Khohlova ,&nbsp;Olga V. Perianova ,&nbsp;S. Lakshmi ,&nbsp;Syed Baker","doi":"10.1016/j.medmic.2025.100122","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.medmic.2025.100122","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This review investigates the effects of macrolides on the gut microbiota across different age groups. Macrolides, widely used to treat various infections, have been shown to disrupt the gut microbiome, leading to reduced bacterial diversity and increased risks of antibiotic resistance. The review examines the general mechanisms of action by macrolides, highlighting their role in inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis and promoting antibiotic resistance through horizontal gene transfer and selective pressure. Additionally, the reviews also focus on transition of gut microbiota across different age groups. It also addresses the dysbiotic shift induced by macrolides and its recovery following antibiotic discontinuation. Factors contributing to macrolides resistance, including genetic mutations and environmental factors, are discussed. The focus has been on alternative therapeutic approaches highlighted to mitigate resistance. Overall, the review provides a comprehensive overview of the implications associated with macrolides on gut health and offers insights into managing and minimizing resistance development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36019,"journal":{"name":"Medicine in Microecology","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 100122"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143444844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}