Medicine in Microecology最新文献

{"title":"The past, present, future of Listeria monocytogenes: Understanding the molecular pathways, antibiotic resistance and public health implications","authors":"Arpita Anupama,&nbsp;Veilumuthu Pattapulavar,&nbsp;John Godwin Christopher","doi":"10.1016/j.medmic.2025.100127","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.medmic.2025.100127","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Antibiotic resistance is a grave, potential threat to global health due to the continuing difficulty in treating bacterial infections. Misuse and overuse of antibiotics in humans and animals increase this resistance by creating \"superbugs\" impervious to multiple drug therapies. One pathogen that is acquiring resistance is <em>Listeria monocytogenes</em>, a gram-positive bacterium responsible for listeriosis, mainly in immunocompromised individuals. This pathogen's potential for biofilm formation in food processing environments enhances the threat even more, since such biofilms protect the bacteria from standard cleaning procedures and enhance its resistance to antibiotics. <em>Listeria monocytogenes</em> has several mechanisms of resistance against antibiotics by genetic alternations, efflux pumps, and biofilm formation, which exclude the antibiotic, and enzymatic degradation. These mechanisms make the bacteria successful in surviving a hostile environment and resisting several classes of antibiotics; hence, listeriosis is increasingly difficult to treat. It is, therefore, very important to understand the molecular dynamics of Listeria monocytogenes and its strategies of resistance if the design of new therapeutic approaches is to be successful and public health measures are to be effective in controlling the spread of the pathogen. Precisely, this paper attempts a detailed review of the mechanisms of <em>Listeria monocytogenes</em> pathogenesis and antibiotic resistance, together with public health implications that call for urgent innovative strategies in the war against this resilient pathogen.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36019,"journal":{"name":"Medicine in Microecology","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100127"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143924448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The gut-skin axis in psoriasis: Evidence-based insights from a meta-analysis on probiotics-synbiotics-mediated microbiota interventions","authors":"Nurlinah Amalia ,&nbsp;Danar Wicaksono ,&nbsp;Elvan Wiyarta ,&nbsp;Derren David Christian Homenta Rampengan ,&nbsp;Hari Darmawan ,&nbsp;Muhammad Reva Aditya ,&nbsp;Ariq Fadhil Athallah ,&nbsp;Maulana Bagus Adi Cahyono ,&nbsp;Aiman Idrus Alatas ,&nbsp;Trina Ekawati Tallei ,&nbsp;Raymond Rubianto Tjandrawinata ,&nbsp;Arun K. Bhunia ,&nbsp;Fahrul Nurkolis","doi":"10.1016/j.medmic.2025.100126","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.medmic.2025.100126","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Psoriasis, a chronic immune-mediated skin condition, has been intricately linked to gut microbiota dysbiosis through the gut-skin axis. This meta-analysis synthesizes data from 15 randomized controlled trials encompassing 1,423 participants to evaluate the efficacy of gut microbiota interventions—probiotics and synbiotics—in psoriasis management. The findings reveal that probiotics significantly improved the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) (Mean Difference [MD]: −4.05, 95 % CI: −6.73 to −1.38; p &lt; 0.0001) and Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) (MD: −5.74, 95 % CI: −11.45 to −0.03; p = 0.0001), outperforming synbiotics and systemic pharmacological therapies such as anti-TNF-α and anti-interleukin agents. Notably, probiotics demonstrated superior systemic anti-inflammatory (TNF-α and IL-17) and immunomodulatory responses, and enhanced gut barrier integrity. This study highlights probiotics as a promising adjunct or alternative therapy, paving the way for integrative treatment strategies that address psoriasis's multifaceted pathophysiology. Future research should focus on long-term efficacy and molecular mechanisms to optimize outcomes. These findings could redefine therapeutic paradigms, offering a cost-effective and accessible solution for millions of psoriasis patients worldwide.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36019,"journal":{"name":"Medicine in Microecology","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100126"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143935331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Carbapenemase-producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from patients exhibited multidrug resistance in Sokoto, Nigeria","authors":"Hassan Bawa ,&nbsp;Kabiru Mohammed ,&nbsp;Abdulrazak Nuhu ,&nbsp;Abdulmalik Shuaibu ,&nbsp;Farhan Rhidor Akorede ,&nbsp;Olalekan Adesola ,&nbsp;Muhammad Bashir Bello ,&nbsp;Abdurrahman Hassan Jibril","doi":"10.1016/j.medmic.2025.100134","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.medmic.2025.100134","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Carbapenemase-producing <em>P. aeruginosa</em> is one of the top priority pathogens responsible for treatment failures in cystic fibrosis, abscess and soft tissue infections. The study aimed to determine the prevalence of carbapenemase-producing <em>P. aeruginosa</em> in patients visiting two major public hospitals in Sokoto, Nigeria.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Two hundred and four samples were collected from in- and outpatients attending two major public hospitals in Sokoto, Nigeria. Identifying <em>P. aeruginosa</em> involved culturing on cetrimide agar and confirming by PCR detection of the <em>oprI</em> and <em>oprL</em> genes <em>specific to P. aeruginosa.</em> Isolates were screened for sensitivity to ten antibiotics using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion test. To identify carbapenemase production, isolates resistant to meropenem and imipenem were further screened using the combined disc synergy test. Molecular detection of carbapenemase was done using PCR detection of <em>bla</em>_VIM, <em>bla</em>_KPC and <em>bla</em>_IMP genes.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Out of the 204 samples collected, 26 (12.7 %) of <em>P. aeruginosa</em> were recovered. All 26 isolates demonstrated resistance to more than three classes of antibiotics tested. Notably, 19.2 % (5/26) of the isolates were pan-drug-resistant to all antibiotics tested. Besides, 65.4 % (14/26) of isolates were at least resistant to ampicillin, kanamycin, cefotaxime, trimethoprim and chloramphenicol. A combined disk synergy test showed six isolates to produce carbapenemase enzyme. Likewise, <em>bla</em>_VIM and <em>bla</em>_IMP were detected in all of these isolates, while <em>bla</em>_KPC was not detected in any.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The presence of carbapenemase-producing <em>P. aeruginosa</em> (carrying <em>bla</em>_VIM and <em>bla</em>_IMP genes) among hospital patients in Sokoto and the high antibiotic resistance detected represent a challenging threat to public health. Further research is crucial to understanding this carbapenemase gene's transmission source and developing effective strategies to combat it.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36019,"journal":{"name":"Medicine in Microecology","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100134"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144279476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the therapeutic promise of Trichodesma indicum: A phytochemical, antioxidant, and in silico insights into anti-arthritis properties","authors":"Thavasiaanatham Seenivasan Shalini ,&nbsp;Ragothaman Prathiviraj ,&nbsp;Poomalai Senthilraja","doi":"10.1016/j.medmic.2025.100129","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.medmic.2025.100129","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The present study provides a comprehensive phytochemical and pharmacological evaluation of <em>Trichodesma indicum</em> methanolic leaf extract, highlighting its potential as a source of bioactive compounds with significant antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-arthritic properties. The extract's total phenolic content was quantified as 2.28 μg gallic acid equivalents (GAE) per gram of dry weight. In contrast, total flavonoid content was measured at 2.48 μg quercetin equivalents (QE) per gram. The extract exhibited potent antioxidant activity through DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP assays. DPPH radical scavenging assay revealed concentration-dependent antioxidant activity for the methanolic extract (25–150 μg/mL), with inhibition percentages ranging from 10.69 ± 0.7 % to 45.65 ± 0.7 %. Ascorbic acid, used as a standard, exhibited comparable inhibition (17.16 ± 0.6 % to 49.18 ± 0.6 %). ABTS radical scavenging assays further confirmed the extract's antioxidant potential, showing 36.79 ± 0.6 % inhibition at 100 μg/mL, marginally exceeding ascorbic acid (35.82 ± 0.5 %). Ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays indicated dose-dependent activity, with the extract reducing Fe³⁺ at 39.80 ± 0.4 % (25 μg/mL) to 54.55 ± 0.5 % (100 μg/mL), closely mirroring ascorbic acid (52.93 ± 0.5 % to 61.91 ± 0.6 %<strong>)</strong> along with antibacterial effects against five pathogens, with inhibition zones ranging from 13 to 26 mm. Functional group analysis via FT-IR confirmed the presence of diverse bioactive constituents, while HR-LCMS identified 72 phytocompounds (35 in positive ionization; 37 in negative ionization) which 52 passed ADMET screening, most exhibited good solubility (−2.336 to −4.539 log units) and blood-brain barrier penetration indicating their potential pharmacokinetic suitability. Molecular docking studies further validated the therapeutic potential of these compounds, with Grossamide (PubChem ID: 101262727) demonstrating the highest binding affinity against both antibacterial (LibDock score: 173.57 shown as <em>E. coli</em>; GyrB) and anti-arthritic, Sphinganine (PubChem ID: 91486) exhibiting multi-interaction binding modes of (LibDock score: 169.42; 6COX) and Grossamide (LibDock score: 201.94; 8K5V) as lead candidates, Thus, <em>T. indicum</em> promising bioactive molecules that could serve as effective candidates for antimicrobial and anti-arthritic drug development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36019,"journal":{"name":"Medicine in Microecology","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100129"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144115691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative cytotoxicity of a glycolipopeptide biosurfactant from Lactobacillus plantarum and its derived silver nanoparticles against breast cancer cells","authors":"Zaid Mohammed Joodi Al-Janabi ,&nbsp;Waseem Yousif M. Al-dulaimy ,&nbsp;Maryam Hekmat Abdulateef ,&nbsp;Aeshah Abbood Ahmed ,&nbsp;Mohammed Kadhom","doi":"10.1016/j.medmic.2025.100140","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.medmic.2025.100140","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The present study describes the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using a glycolipopeptide (GLP) biosurfactant produced by <em>Lactobacillus plantarum</em>, and evaluates their physicochemical characteristics and anticancer potential. The formation of AgNPs was visually confirmed by a color change and further characterized by UV–Vis, XRD, AFM, and TEM, revealing spherical particles ranging from 20 to 300 nm. Zeta potential analysis (−32.1 mV) confirmed strong colloidal stability. FTIR and GC-MS analyses identified key functional groups and bioactive compounds in the GLP, including fatty acids and lipopeptides responsible for both surface activity and biological effects. Surface tension (32.4 mN/m) and emulsification index (61.5 %) further validated the biosurfactant's amphiphilic nature. In vitro cytotoxicity assays against MCF-7 breast cancer cells demonstrated dose-dependent effects, with the GLP and AgNPs showing 60.59 % and 54.77 % inhibition, respectively, at 400 μg/mL. Their combination enhanced cytotoxicity to 69.14 % while maintaining minimal toxicity toward WRL-68 normal liver cells, indicating selective activity. Compared to doxorubicin (IC₅₀ ≈ 0.98 μg/mL, SI ≈ 1.01), the green formulations displayed a higher selectivity index (SI ≈ 2.71). The enhanced cytotoxicity is likely attributed to reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, apoptosis induction, and membrane disruption. Although our findings highlight the dual functionality of the GLP biosurfactant as both a nanoparticle stabilizer and a bioactive agent, further in vivo studies and mechanistic investigations are warranted to validate its potential in cancer therapy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36019,"journal":{"name":"Medicine in Microecology","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100140"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144749134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to “The effect of oral bacterial lysates on the respiratory microbiome in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbations – A pilot study” [Med Microecol, Volume 14, December 2022, 100067]","authors":"Yafei Qi ,&nbsp;Zhou Zhu ,&nbsp;Xiaomin Liu ,&nbsp;Junhao Yang ,&nbsp;Weimin Zhang ,&nbsp;Jinlun Huang ,&nbsp;Hong Li ,&nbsp;Weijie Guan ,&nbsp;Zhang Wang ,&nbsp;Yinhuan Li","doi":"10.1016/j.medmic.2025.100130","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.medmic.2025.100130","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36019,"journal":{"name":"Medicine in Microecology","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100130"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144860685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in gut health: Implications for drug metabolism and therapeutics","authors":"P. Sankarganesh ,&nbsp;Adrija Bhunia ,&nbsp;A. Ganesh Kumar ,&nbsp;A. Surendra Babu ,&nbsp;S.T. Gopukumar ,&nbsp;E. Lokesh","doi":"10.1016/j.medmic.2025.100139","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.medmic.2025.100139","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are the primary energy substrate for colonocytes, synthesized in the gut when gut microbiomes ferment the dietary fibers. SCFAs play crucial roles in maintaining gut homeostasis and exerting systemic effects beyond the gastrointestinal tract. Liver disorders, cardiovascular, diabetes, and obesity like metabolic syndromes are strongly associated with these metabolites’ imbalance. Determining the genetic variability, diet-gene interactions, and microbiome diversity in SCFA production is essential for creation of targeted interventions to optimize gut health and mitigate disease risk. The present review aims to elucidate the nutrigenomics and nitrogenic analysis to improve SCFAs to modulate intestinal barrier function, regulate immune responses, and influence host metabolism. This review summarizes deep insights into the multifaceted functions of SCFAs, therapeutic potential of SCFAs in promoting a thriving gut system and overall health and their involvement in neurological and metabolic disorders, highlighting the complex mechanism between gut microbiota and systemic health. A model was proposed to produce resistant starch as source of SCFAs production. The specific bacteria involved in SCFAs production and their functions also discussed. In addition to outlining the potential benefits of SCFAs for human health, it specified the factors influencing and obstacles to this field of study and offered suggestions for future research directions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36019,"journal":{"name":"Medicine in Microecology","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100139"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144631631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gut brain axis and gut microbiome in glioblastoma. Associations, treatment and outcomes","authors":"Nandita Ganesh ,&nbsp;Azeena Saleem ,&nbsp;Roja Babu ,&nbsp;Praveenkumar Kochuthakidiyel Suresh","doi":"10.1016/j.medmic.2025.100131","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.medmic.2025.100131","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Most of the fundamental functions of the body hinge on the gut-brain axis which is a complex communication system connecting gut and brain. Recent studies show that the gut microbiome plays a significant role in the growth and progression of glioblastoma (GBM), influenced through this gut-brain connection. This review focuses on the recent development in gut brain axis and gut microbiome in GBM, including their roles in the immune system, and the results of treatment. We conducted a broad review to explore how the gut microbiota affects neurotransmitters, the immune system, and the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in GBM by analysing the recent studies published in PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and Elsevier. Findings suggest that the gut microbiota population affects the GBM progression and sustenance. Also, it is observed that there is significant influence of gut microbiota in novel treatment strategies of GBM such as immunotherapy. The gut-brain axis plays an important role GBM progression. Changing the gut microbiota could be a useful treatment strategy. Future studies are required to further explore in which specific microbes are involved in order to identify microbiota-based markers to improve GBM treatments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36019,"journal":{"name":"Medicine in Microecology","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100131"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144169647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Faecal microbiota transplantation as a novel approach for autism-associated anxiety: A critical therapeutic appraisal","authors":"Tanushree D. Malode ,&nbsp;Pranali Chandurkar ,&nbsp;Brijesh G. Taksande ,&nbsp;Amol A. Tatode ,&nbsp;Mohammad Qutub ,&nbsp;Tanvi Premchandani ,&nbsp;Milind J. Umekar ,&nbsp;Jayshree B. Taksande","doi":"10.1016/j.medmic.2025.100138","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.medmic.2025.100138","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental condition characterized by social communication deficits and restrictive, repetitive behaviors. A significant proportion of individuals with ASD also suffer from anxiety disorders, further compounding their behavioral and emotional challenges. Conventional therapies for anxiety in ASD, including pharmacological and behavioral interventions, often yield suboptimal results and carry notable limitations. Growing research highlights the critical role of the gut-brain axis in neurodevelopment and emotional regulation, with gut microbiota dysbiosis increasingly implicated in both ASD and anxiety pathogenesis. Faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), a therapeutic approach aimed at restoring microbial homeostasis by transferring fecal material from healthy donors, has emerged as a novel intervention of interest. Preclinical studies have demonstrated that alterations in gut microbiota can modulate social behaviors and anxiety-like symptoms, with FMT reversing many pathological features in animal models. Early clinical investigations, though limited, suggest that FMT may improve gastrointestinal health, core ASD symptoms, and comorbid anxiety. Mechanistically, FMT is thought to reduce neuroinflammation, restore neurotransmitter balance, and normalize stress responses by enhancing gut microbial diversity and metabolic function. However, significant challenges remain, including concerns about safety, standardization, donor selection, and regulatory approval. Future research must focus on large-scale, controlled trials and the identification of biomarkers predictive of FMT response to establish its therapeutic potential more conclusively. This review critically examines the existing evidence, explores the mechanistic pathways linking gut microbiota to anxiety in ASD, and discusses the future directions necessary to translate FMT into a viable clinical strategy for autism-associated anxiety.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36019,"journal":{"name":"Medicine in Microecology","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100138"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144523440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing antimicrobial efficacy: Gum acacia-enriched Lactobacillus consortium against multidrug-resistant pathogens","authors":"Jinal Bhola,&nbsp;Rama Bhadekar","doi":"10.1016/j.medmic.2025.100132","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.medmic.2025.100132","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The escalating challenge of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has rendered many pathogens impervious to conventional antibiotics, necessitating novel therapeutic approaches. This study evaluates the antimicrobial potential of a Gum Acacia-enriched Active GRAS Consortium (AGC), composed of <em>Lactobacillus plantarum</em>, <em>L. acidophilus</em>, and <em>L. casei</em> var. <em>rhamnosus</em>, against multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens. AGC formulations, with (Set IV) and without (Set III) gum acacia, were tested against clinical isolates of <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em>, <em>Acinetobacter baumannii</em>, <em>Klebsiella pneumoniae</em>, and <em>Escherichia coli</em>. Set IV demonstrated significantly enhanced antimicrobial activity, with inhibition zones reaching 18.7 mm, minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) as low as 0.83 mg/ml, and strong biofilm inhibition. Mechanistic assays revealed amplified DNA release from treated pathogens and unique antimicrobial protein profiles (&lt;6.5 kDa) stabilized by gum acacia. Scanning electron microscopy confirmed severe ultrastructural damage, including membrane disruption and lysis, in Set IV-treated pathogens. Adhesion assays on Caco-2 cells highlighted Set IV's ability to reduce pathogen adhesion to 5 %, outperforming non-GA enriched formulation. These results underscore the synergistic role of probiotics and natural polysaccharides, like gum acacia, in combating MDR pathogens. Set IV's dual action-direct pathogen inhibition and biofilm disruption-positions it as a promising candidate for alternative or adjunctive therapies in AMR management. This study highlights the potential of integrating probiotics and prebiotics to create innovative solutions addressing the global AMR crisis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36019,"journal":{"name":"Medicine in Microecology","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100132"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144240940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}