Medicine in Microecology最新文献

{"title":"Effect of nutriment from monoculture fermentation of Adasonia digitata seeds by Penicillium chrysogenum on haematology and functional endpoints of intra and extrahepatic tissues in rats","authors":"M.R. Adedayo ,&nbsp;J.K. Akintunde ,&nbsp;A. Sani ,&nbsp;A. Boligon","doi":"10.1016/j.medmic.2023.100085","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.medmic.2023.100085","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This current study is to identify the most appropriate dose against intra and extrahepatic toxic agents as well as hematosuppressive agent in rats. The animals were divided into six groups (n ​= ​10). Group 1 was placed on basal diet. Group II, III and IV were placed on a basal diets supplemented with 9.9%, 19.8% and 30%, respectively of MCF-ADSPC. Group V was placed on basal diet fed with unfermented <em>Adasonia digitata</em> seeds (UF-ADS) for 56 days. The results revealed 9.9% MCF-ADSPC as better dose to augment weight growth and total protein in rats. Similarly, MCF-ADSPC generated slight increase of WBC and centrophils count at lowest dose (9.9%) and highest dose (30%), respectively better than UF-ADS. The levels of PCV, RBC, haemoglobin, neutrophil, lymphocyte, eosinophils, basophils and monocytes showed no significant difference. Whereas, 19.8% MCF-ADSPC showed a better protection against hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, intestinal mucosa, abnormal cholesterol level and splenomegaly in relation to 9.9%, 30% MCF-ADSPC and UF-ADS. Conclusively, MCF-ADSPC nutriment at 19.8% dose protected functional endpoints of intra and extrahepatic tissues than UF-ADS in a rat model.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36019,"journal":{"name":"Medicine in Microecology","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100085"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47509941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biogeographical effect on the diversity of vaginal microbiome in preterm birth: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Nkechi Martina Odogwu ,&nbsp;Oladapo O. Olayemi ,&nbsp;Akinyinka O. Omigbodun","doi":"10.1016/j.medmic.2023.100080","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.medmic.2023.100080","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Women of European Ancestry are more likely to harbor a Lactobacillus-dominated microbiome that supports healthy pregnancy progression compared to women of African descent who are more likely to experience preterm birth due to a diverse microbial profile. However, to date, many of these studies linking a diverse vaginal profile to adverse pregnancy outcomes in women of African ancestry are commonly focused on Blacks in Westernized populations. To bridge this gap, a comparative systematic review and meta-analysis were performed by searching PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases. A total of 40 studies assessing the vaginal microbiome and preterm birth using molecular-based techniques were selected for full-text review. After extensively analyzing these studies for experimental design, the method applied, clinical characteristics, and geographical location, only two articles fulfilled the inclusion criteria for meta-analysis. A meta-analysis was conducted by merging two studies comprising 217 samples from 115 pregnant women of African descent. Taxon analysis of vaginal profiles shows that Nigerian women had a significantly higher abundance of <em>Atopobium</em> (q&lt;0.05; permutation test), compared to African American (AA) women who were significantly more enriched with Sneathia (q&lt;0.05; permutation test). The mean Alpha-diversity was not significantly different between the AA and Nigerian groups (3.3 ​± ​0.09 versus 2.9 ​± ​0.09, p ​= ​0.10) respectively. Vaginal communities of AA women were relatively unstable, only <em>Ureaplasma</em> parvum remained stable throughout pregnancy (p_ADF &lt;0.001), whereas <em>L</em>. crispatus, L. iners, and Atopobium vaginae were relatively more stable over pregnancy (p_ADF &lt;0.001) in Nigerian women. In summary, our study indicated that there are differences in the core vaginal microbiome composition in women of similar ethnicity in different geographical locations. Future work should focus on advancing precision medicine by understanding the microbiome from an individual perspective, independent of ethnicity.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36019,"journal":{"name":"Medicine in Microecology","volume":"16 ","pages":"Article 100080"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42442263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influenza A virus and its antiviral drug treatment options","authors":"Pradumn P Singh ,&nbsp;Kushneet Kaur Sodhi ,&nbsp;Anil Kumar Bali ,&nbsp;Pallee Shree","doi":"10.1016/j.medmic.2023.100083","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.medmic.2023.100083","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Influenza is an age-old disease. With its pandemic spread over various centuries, the virus remains one of the most challenging ones in the environment. Its fast-changing genome, RNA, is highly dynamic, and new variants of all the strains are discovered each year. Influenza A remains the most prevalent strain to infect the human race. With its fast multiplication rate, a sudden spike in hospitalization and high demand for antiviral drugs is seen during flu seasons. Antiviral drugs are considered the most suitable and specific since they attack particular steps of viral replication and halt it. Amantadine and Rimantadine were quite successful in their time, but the discovery of resistant strains of the virus limited humans from using it as a potent drug. Against all odds, the duo still provides a lot of information to learn from and implement in the field of research and also forms a base for discovering or formulating a more potent and long-lasting drug. Even though people rely more on vaccines, it is because of these drugs that any unprecedented situations, even in the vaccinated individuals, can be prevented and the lives of numerous patients can be saved. Amongst all the drugs, Baloxavir marboxil, Zanamivir, and Peramivir are preferred by most health systems because of their recent discovery, highly specific nature, and even high bioavailability. Parallel to antiviral drugs, nanotechnology is emerging as a new alternative for the treatment of Influenza.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36019,"journal":{"name":"Medicine in Microecology","volume":"16 ","pages":"Article 100083"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41862122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biofilms: Understanding the structure and contribution towards bacterial resistance in antibiotics","authors":"Pallee Shree ,&nbsp;Chandra Kant Singh ,&nbsp;Kushneet Kaur Sodhi ,&nbsp;Jaya Niranjane Surya ,&nbsp;Dileep Kumar Singh","doi":"10.1016/j.medmic.2023.100084","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.medmic.2023.100084","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The biofilm is a bacterial colony wrapped in an auto-produced polymer matrix of polysaccharides, proteins, and DNA. Bacterial biofilms cause persistent infections because they are more resistant to antibiotics, disinfectants, and the immune system of the body. Other significant biofilm characteristics are a gradient of oxygen and nutrition from the top layer to the bottom layer of biofilms. Lower bacterial cell metabolic activity and longer doubling rates are linked to the gradients; these are the quiescent cells responsible for some of the resistance to antibiotics. Biofilms may be avoided and cured with vigorous antibiotic prophylaxis or treatment early on and with continuous suppressive medication. This review discusses the development of antibiotic resistance and tolerance in bacteria due to biofilm formation, the tolerance mechanisms, and the development of persistent cells that induce antibiotic resistance in bacteria. Recent strategies to combat antibiotic resistance are also discussed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36019,"journal":{"name":"Medicine in Microecology","volume":"16 ","pages":"Article 100084"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49024423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microbiome typing in uveal melanoma is associated with plaque radiotherapy","authors":"Yuning Chen ,&nbsp;Jingting Luo ,&nbsp;Haowen Li,&nbsp;Rui Fang,&nbsp;Ruiheng Zhang,&nbsp;Yueming Liu,&nbsp;Jingying Xiu,&nbsp;Jie Xu,&nbsp;Yang Li,&nbsp;Wenbin Wei","doi":"10.1016/j.medmic.2023.100079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.medmic.2023.100079","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Microbiomes have been identified in various tumor types and could affect tumor progression and treatment. As the most prevalent primary malignant eye tumor in adults, uveal melanoma (UM) has not been explored regarding its endogenous microbiome. Plaque radiotherapy (PRT) is the gold standard for the treatment of UM. Hereby, we recruited 71 UM patients, sequenced the 16S rRNA gene of their tumor tissues, and analyzed the association between UM microbiome and disease phenotypes.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Clear bacterial signals were observed in UM tissues using fluorescence in situ hybridization. 450 bacterial species passed strict decontamination against 58 environmental control samples in 16S rRNA gene analysis, and these species formed three distinct types by unsupervised clustering. The UM microbiome types were significantly associated with PRT. A biomarker analysis showed that <em>Pseudomonas</em> was significantly enriched in the radiation group (RG) compared to the non-radiation group (NRG). A kind of radiation-resistant bacteria had a significantly higher positive rate in tumor tissues that underwent radiotherapy. We found that the radio-resistant bacteria <em>Deinococcus</em> was associated with smaller and earlier tumor stages, while <em>Pseudomonas</em> and <em>Stenotrophomonas</em> were associated with later metastasis.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>An endogenous microbiome might exist in UM tissues and was associated with UM features and treatment. Whether the tumor-residing microbiome has a role in UM development and metastasis is worth further investigation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36019,"journal":{"name":"Medicine in Microecology","volume":"16 ","pages":"Article 100079"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50192382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bacterial vaginosis: A state of microbial dysbiosis","authors":"Arijit Sankar Mondal ,&nbsp;Ritu Sharma ,&nbsp;Nitin Trivedi","doi":"10.1016/j.medmic.2023.100082","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.medmic.2023.100082","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a polymicrobial vaginal dysbiosis alongside lactobacillus depletion that primarily affects women of reproductive age. The fishy odor vaginal discharge is the major cause of anaerobic pathogenic bacteria colonization. Symptomatic women face specific catastrophic physiological and immunopathological consequences in addition to an elevated risk of sexually transmitted infections. Further, rash antibiotic therapy has witnessed antimicrobial-resistance amplifying vaginal infections. The emergence of biofilm-associated antimicrobial-resistance has made the issue worsened. This article has gone on to explore novel regimens, advanced diagnosis, and various cutting-edge strategies that are found to be effective in addressing these problems and restoring vaginal health.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36019,"journal":{"name":"Medicine in Microecology","volume":"16 ","pages":"Article 100082"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42764164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regulation of host immune responses by Lactobacillus through aryl hydrocarbon receptors","authors":"Zhipeng Huang ,&nbsp;Liwei Xie ,&nbsp;Liping Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.medmic.2023.100081","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.medmic.2023.100081","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a ligand-dependent transcription factor that serves as a key environmental sensor and mechanistic regulator of both the epithelial barrier and systemic immunity. Exogenous ligands (aromatic compounds such as dioxins) and endogenous ligands (tryptophan and its metabolite family) are the two types of AhR ligands. In particular, certain gut flora contain enzymes involved in the metabolism of tryptophan to AhR ligands, and <em>Lactobacillus</em> is attractive among all intestinal flora which are capable of producing AhR ligands. This research reviews the probiotic effects of <em>Lactobacillus reuteri</em> and other <em>Lactobacilli</em> on immunological responses and gut barrier function via the AhR pathway, and it also provides evidence to support the probiotics as an alternative therapy for some specific diseases in the future.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36019,"journal":{"name":"Medicine in Microecology","volume":"16 ","pages":"Article 100081"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46839460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"BCAA dysmetabolism in the host and gut microbiome, a key player in the development of obesity and T2DM","authors":"Na Li ,&nbsp;Zhipeng Cen ,&nbsp;Zhengde Zhao ,&nbsp;Zilun Li ,&nbsp;Sifan Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.medmic.2023.100078","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.medmic.2023.100078","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Branched chain amino acids (BCAAs) are essential amino acids required by mammals. Recently, accumulating evidence has revealed the important connection between the alterations of BCAAs and their metabolites in circulation and the development and prognosis of chronic metabolic diseases, especially obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The connection strongly suggests the pivotal role of dysregulated BCAA metabolism in obesity and T2DM. More importantly, BCAA anabolic and catabolic defects in host and gut microbiome often intertwine with glucose and lipid metabolism, which synergistically promote systemic insulin resistance and obesity/T2DM progression. However, the mutual effects of BCAA with glucose/lipid metabolism in different tissues of the host and the association of BCAA with gut microbiota, are not fully understood and summarized. In the current review, we focus on the mutual effects of BCAA with glucose/lipid metabolism in the host and gut microbiota modulation of BCAA metabolism, and further discuss the metabolic regulatory effects on the development of obesity and T2DM.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36019,"journal":{"name":"Medicine in Microecology","volume":"16 ","pages":"Article 100078"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42233283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intestinal mucosal and fecal microbiota profiles in Crohn's disease in Chinese children","authors":"Peilin Wu ,&nbsp;Bin Wu ,&nbsp;Zehao Zhuang ,&nbsp;Junhong Liu ,&nbsp;Linliang Hong ,&nbsp;Bihong Ma ,&nbsp;Biyun Lin ,&nbsp;Junxi Wang ,&nbsp;Chenye Lin ,&nbsp;Junhong Chen ,&nbsp;Suqing Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.medmic.2022.100071","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.medmic.2022.100071","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Imbalance in the microbiota has been identified in Crohn's disease (CD). We explored the difference of the microbiota in fecal and intestinal mucosa (including ileocecal junction, terminal ileum and transverse colon) in pediatric patients with active CD, CD patients in remission, nonspecific enteritis (NE) and the healthy children. Seven children had active CD, 5 cases of patients achieve remission (CDR), 19 were NE patients, and 11 were healthy controls (Col). A total of 168 samples were collected. Microbiota compositions were analyzed using 16 ​S rRNA sequencing. The results showed that, in fecal samples, <em>Clostridium_sensu_stricto, Enterobacter</em> and <em>Akkermansia</em> had a higher relative abundance in the CD group than that in CDR, Col and NE groups. <em>Fusobacterium</em> and <em>Streptococcus</em> showed a higher abundance in both CD and CDR than that in Col group. In intestinal mucosa samples, the bacterial communities of the three sampling sites were extremely similar. <em>Escherichia-Shigella</em> was the most abundant mucosal bacteria in the CD group, and the abundance of <em>Bacillus, Ruminococcus_torques_group, Streptococcus, Faecalibacterium</em> and <em>Blautia</em> was lower in the CD group than in other groups. In conclusion, as a very characteristic bacteria, the abundance of <em>Escherichia-Shigella</em> in the intestinal mucosa can be used as a diagnostic criterion for CD patients. Also, the <em>Bacilus</em> and <em>Blautia</em>, which were not as prominent as <em>Escherichia-Shigella</em> could still be used as a diagnostic candidate due to their neatness in CD patients. Mucosal samples may be better than stool samples when assessing the community and diversity of patients' intestinal microbes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36019,"journal":{"name":"Medicine in Microecology","volume":"15 ","pages":"Article 100071"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45711455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The association of HPV infection and vaginal microbiota of reproductive women in China: A multicenter cohort study protocol","authors":"Zuyi Zhou ,&nbsp;Yi Hou ,&nbsp;Wei Qing ,&nbsp;Yiya Shi ,&nbsp;Yingxuan Zhang ,&nbsp;Rongdan Chen ,&nbsp;Jinxia Ou ,&nbsp;Hongwei Zhou ,&nbsp;Muxuan Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.medmic.2022.100072","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.medmic.2022.100072","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Cervical cancer is a global health concern. Persistent oncogenic human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is a prerequisite for the development of cervical cancer. Emerging research indicates that the vaginal microbiota may play both protective and harmful roles in the acquisition and persistence of HPV and the development of cervical cancer. This multicenter cohort study mainly aims to reveal the association of vaginal microbiota with the outcome of HPV infection in six months in women of reproductive age. We will recruit 50 research centers and enroll a total of about 10,000 female volunteers with a series of strict inclusion and exclusion criteria across China, including HPV positive and HPV negative women. A unified questionnaire will be used to obtain the sociodemographic information, clinical data and lifestyle of all volunteers. Specimens including vaginal secretions swabs and cervical exfoliated cells will be collected at the first visit and follow-up after six months. We will use 16S rRNA sequencing to characterize the vaginal microbiota of volunteers’ vaginal swabs. Twenty-one HPV genotypes and other sexually transmitted pathogens, including <em>Neisseria gonorrhoeae</em>, <em>Chlamydia trachomatis</em>, <em>Ureaplasma urealyticum</em>, <em>Mycoplasma hominis</em>, <em>Mycoplasma genitalium</em> and <em>Herpes simplex virus</em> type Ⅱ will be examined using flow-through hybridization and gene chip. The association of HPV infection and vaginal microbiota will be investigated, and the core microbiota attributes to the persistent HPV infection will be analyzed in this study.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36019,"journal":{"name":"Medicine in Microecology","volume":"15 ","pages":"Article 100072"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42376212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}