环境科学最新文献

{"title":"[Effects of Microplastics Coexisting in Vegetable Soil on the Change of Cadmium Bioavailability].","authors":"Zhi-Wang Feng, Qi Liu, Han-Zhou Wu, Ji-Zhou Li, Ning-Yuan Zhu, Yi-Min Wang","doi":"10.13227/j.hjkx.202404013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13227/j.hjkx.202404013","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The multiple contamination of heavy metal-microplastics occurs frequently in soil； however, ecological risk research on this subject is still lacking. In a 60-day pot experiment, lettuce in soils was contaminated with different biodegradable microplastics （MPs） and heavy metal cadmium （Cd）. The basic physicochemical properties of the soil, Cd availability, and the accumulation and transfer effects of Cd in lettuce were analyzed. Additionally, three-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy was used to analyze the composition characteristics of soil dissolved organic matter （DOM）. The results indicated that MPs reduced the soil cation exchange capacity （CEC） and the content of ammonium nitrogen （NH₄⁺-N） while increasing the content of soil dissolved organic carbon. The multiple contamination of MPs and Cd significantly enhanced the microbial source characteristics of soil DOM, reduced the humification degree of DOM, and significantly weakened its autochthonous characteristics. There was a significant positive correlation between the Cd-CaCl₂ content and the total Cd content in the soil, while the correlation with soil chemical properties was not significant. MPs increased the accumulation of Cd in lettuce roots, with no significant effect on the accumulation of Cd in the leaves （<i>P</i>&gt;0.05）. The accumulation of Cd in lettuce roots and leaves was mainly influenced by the total Cd content in the soil and the Cd-CaCl₂ content （<i>R</i>&gt;0.85, <i>P</i>&lt;0.05） and decreased with the increase in the humification degree of soil DOM and the content of humic-like substances. This study can provide data support for the ecological risk assessment of composite pollution of soil microplastics and heavy metals.</p>","PeriodicalId":35937,"journal":{"name":"环境科学","volume":"46 5","pages":"3171-3178"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144102635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Synergistic Effect of Location-oriented Industrial Policies on Pollution and Carbon Reduction].","authors":"Qian-Hua Zhang, Zhi-Qiang Bian","doi":"10.13227/j.hjkx.202405156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13227/j.hjkx.202405156","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the context of promoting the implementation of the manufacturing power and the construction of ecological civilization, clarifying the synergistic effect of location-oriented industrial policies in reducing pollution and carbon emissions is of practical importance. Based on panel data of 282 prefecture-level or above cities from 2006 to 2021 in China, this study used the \"Made in China 2025\" pilot demonstration city construction （referred to as \"demonstration city construction\"） as a quasi-natural experiment and used a difference-in-differences method to examine the impact effect, internal mechanism, and heterogeneity of location-oriented industrial policies on collaborative governance of pollution and carbon reduction and further explored the economic and social benefits generated by its collaborative governance effect. The results show that： ① Demonstration city construction resulted in an average annual reduction of 2.665×10^-3 μg·L^-1 and 3.510×10⁶ t of PM_2.5 concentration and CO₂ emissions, respectively, and an average annual increase of 0.027 units in the collaborative level of pollution and carbon reduction, forming a collaborative governance effect. This conclusion was still valid after endogeneity treatment and multiple rounds of robustness testing. ② The internal mechanism test revealed that demonstration city construction could promote collaborative governance of pollution and carbon reduction through the scale effect, technique effect, and composition effect. ③ Heterogeneity analysis showed that demonstration city construction could help central and western cities and non-resource-based cities achieve coordinated pollution and carbon reduction governance. Eastern cities only reduced carbon without controlling pollution, whereas resource-based cities only controlled pollution without reducing carbon and had not yet formed a collaborative governance effect. ④ Further research indicated that the collaborative effect of demonstration city construction in reducing pollution and carbon emissions could bring about economic and social benefits of approximately 120 905 billion yuan. The research showed the necessity to implement the concept of collaborative governance for pollution and carbon reduction, summarize the experience of pilot city construction, explore multidimensional driving paths for collaborative governance of urban pollution and carbon reduction, adapt to local conditions and times, and improve the design rules and implementation ideas of location-oriented industrial policies, which can accurately empower urban pollution and carbon reduction collaborative governance.</p>","PeriodicalId":35937,"journal":{"name":"环境科学","volume":"46 5","pages":"2909-2920"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144102721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Evolution Trade-offs and Synergistic Relationships in Ecological Functional Areas Based on Ecosystem Service Bundles： A Case Study of the Turpan-Hami Region].","authors":"Le Yuan, Jun-Xia Wang, Shao-Jie Bai","doi":"10.13227/j.hjkx.202404272","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13227/j.hjkx.202404272","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Clarifying the spatial distribution and compositional structure of the ecological functional zone and understanding the evolution of the trade-offs and synergies among multiple ecosystem services （ESs） are essential for scientific management and restoration of Turpan-Hami Region ecosystems. The objective of this study was to explore the driving forces of the trade-offs/synergies for each ecosystem service bundle （ESB） and to develop differentiated ecological management strategies based on the ecological characteristics. Six ecosystem services （carbon storage （CS）, water yield （WY）, soil retention （SR）, habitat quality （HQ）, food production （FP）, and aesthetic landscape provision （ALP））, were quantified in the Turpan-Hami Region. Based on this, the comprehensive ability of multiple ecosystem services in different regions was quantified by calculating the multiple ecosystem services landscape index （MESLI）. Then, the SOFM algorithm was used to identify the ESBs. According to the ecological structural characteristics of the ESBs, the ecological functional zones were divided. Furthermore, the trade-offs/synergies among the ESs in each ESB were analyzed using Spearman correlation analysis. The results showed that： ① The area of construction land in the Turpan-Hami Region increased the most from 2000 to 2020 at 87.10%, followed by cultivated land （13.47%）, and the area of grassland and unutilized land continued to decrease. ② In terms of temporal distribution, the mean value of FP in the Turpan-Hami Region increased and then decreased, the ALP decreased and then increased, WY showed an increasing trend, HQ and SR showed a gradual increasing trend, and no significant change was observed in the mean value of CS from 2000 to 2020. In terms of spatial distribution, the high value areas of WY, HQ, SR, ALP, and CS were all distributed in a contiguous pattern in the Tianshan Mountains Region. The high value areas of FP were mainly distributed in the croplands in the oases of the pre-mountain plains. ③ The mean value of MESLI in the Turpan-Hami Region was 0.49, indicating that the region as a whole had a weak capacity to provide multiple ecosystem services, and the integrity of the ecosystem structure was low. The overall spatial distribution of MESLI showed high in the center and west and low in the south, with obvious spatial differentiation. The area was dominated by low MESLI values, accounting for 79.46% of the total area. ④ The area was divided into four ESBs based on the clustering analysis： ecological conservation bundle （ECB）, ecological protection bundle （EPB）, food production bundle （FPB）, and ecologically fragile bundle （EFB）. The ECB accounted for 10.55%, which had the strongest ability to provide multiple ecosystem services （MESLI=1.88）. EPB was the smallest, accounting for 2.02% of the total area of the region. FPB accounted for 8.07% of the total area. EFB accounted for 79.36% of the total area of the region, and it had the weakest abilit","PeriodicalId":35937,"journal":{"name":"环境科学","volume":"46 5","pages":"3042-3057"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144102728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Characteristics of PM_2.5 Components and Typical Pollution Episodes in the Urban Areas of Beijing].","authors":"Kuan Jing, You-Feng Wang, Bao-Xian Liu, Qin Wang, Jia-Ming Fu, Yang Cao, Chen-Jing Wang, Bo-Tao Zhang, Xiu-E Shen","doi":"10.13227/j.hjkx.202403254","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13227/j.hjkx.202403254","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Based on the measurements of atmospheric fine particulate matter （PM&lt;sub&gt;2.5&lt;/sub&gt;） and its components, the evolution and sources of PM&lt;sub&gt;2.5&lt;/sub&gt; were studied at the Chegongzhuang site in the Beijing urban area in 2023. The primary component was crustal matter, accounting for 26.3% of PM&lt;sub&gt;2.5&lt;/sub&gt;, followed by nitrate （24.1%）. Secondary inorganic ions （SNA）, including nitrate, sulfate, and ammonium, collectively accounted for 43.5% of PM&lt;sub&gt;2.5&lt;/sub&gt;. The PM&lt;sub&gt;2.5&lt;/sub&gt; composition was influenced by multiple factors, such as sandstorms and secondary pollution, in the view of its components. The proportions of SNA were 35.3%, 37.4%, 54.0%, and 45.7% in spring, summer, autumn, and winter, respectively, with the highest proportions in February and September （56.2% and 55.1%）. The proportion of crustal material was 37.1% in spring, with the highest proportion of 45.6% in April. Different diurnal variations were observed for PM&lt;sub&gt;2.5&lt;/sub&gt; components in all four seasons, owing to the different emission sources, generation mechanisms, and variations in boundary layer height. Overall, with the increase in PM&lt;sub&gt;2.5&lt;/sub&gt; concentration, the proportion of organic carbon （OC） and elemental carbon （EC） decreased, and the proportion of SNA increased. Both the nitrogen oxidation rate （NOR） and sulfur oxidation rate （SOR） were significantly higher than 0.1, and NOR increased with PM&lt;sub&gt;2.5&lt;/sub&gt;. Secondary organic carbon （SOC） accounted for 59.2%-78.0% of OC. The PMF model showed that the sources of PM&lt;sub&gt;2.5&lt;/sub&gt; in Beijing in 2023 were： secondary nitrate, vehicle sources, dust sources, secondary sulfate, secondary organic matter, industrial sources, coal combustion sources, and fireworks, with the contributions of 37.4%, 16.1%, 13.5%, 12.7%, 8.6%, 4.6%, 3.8%, and 1.1%, respectively. Secondary nitrate was the main source in spring, summer, autumn, and winter, with the contributions of 37.5%, 22.2%, 44.5%, and 39.6%, respectively. In summer, secondary sulfate and secondary organic matter contributed significantly, accounting for 21.0% and 21.2%, respectively. Dust was the second-largest source in spring, with the contribution of 26.2%. Three typical pollution episodes （haze pollution in the winter heating period, fine particulate matter superposition dust pollution in spring, and PM&lt;sub&gt;2.5&lt;/sub&gt; and O&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; combined pollution in autumn） were analyzed. Secondary accumulation was prominent, with the contribution rates of 77.3%, 53.4%, and 78.7% from secondary sources, respectively, for the three typical pollution episodes. Regional coal sources had a substantial effect, and the average contribution of combustion sources was 4.8% during the haze pollution in the winter heating period. For the episode in spring, the average contribution of dust sources was 29.8%. During the PM&lt;sub&gt;2.5&lt;/sub&gt; and O&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; combined pollution in autumn, atmospheric oxidation strongly promoted secondary conversion, and secondary sulfate contributed 32","PeriodicalId":35937,"journal":{"name":"环境科学","volume":"46 5","pages":"2629-2641"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144102864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Concentration Distribution and Health Risk Assessment of Phthalate Esters （PAEs） in Various Environmental Media in China].","authors":"Qing-Ping Du, Qia Chen, Xi-Chao Chen, Wei Li, Xu Zhao, Wei Gao, Keng Tu, Yun Liu","doi":"10.13227/j.hjkx.202404121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13227/j.hjkx.202404121","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Currently, research on phthalate esters （PAEs） mainly focuses on individual environmental media, such as water, soil, and air, lacking insights into the health risks associated with PAEs exposure across multiple environmental media for the Chinese population. Therefore, by integrating the published PAEs exposure data between 2010 and 2023, we explored the distribution pattern of PAEs contamination at the national scale, assessed the health risks mediated by multi-mediated PAEs exposure, and quantified the main contributing factors to the health risks of PAEs in China. A total of 3 457 PAEs exposure data points from 32 provinces were collected. The results indicated that dibutyl phthalate （DBP）, diisobutyl phthalate （DIBP）, and di（2-ethylhexyl） phthalate （DEHP） were the predominant pollutants in all environmental media. Zhejiang （120 ng·m^-3）, Heilongjiang （6 800 ng·L^-1）, and Guangxi （0.298 mg·kg^-1） exhibited the highest median concentrations and contents of PAEs in the atmosphere, water bodies, and soil, respectively. The risk assessment results revealed that the non-carcinogenic risks mediated by PAEs were below 1 for all provinces in China； however, children in Heilongjiang, Zhejiang, and Shanxi provinces faced carcinogenic risks due to exposure to PAEs across multiple media. DEHP was identified as the primary pollutant contributing to PAEs-related health risks （contributing approximately 71%-72%）, with water bodies and drinking water intake being the most significant exposure media and pathways, contributing approximately 48%-59% and 49%-59% of the total risk, respectively. Based on the established PAEs exposure database, this study reveals the current status of multi-mediated health risks of PAEs in the Chinese population, which can help to develop targeted strategies to reduce the health risks of PAEs exposure in the population.</p>","PeriodicalId":35937,"journal":{"name":"环境科学","volume":"46 5","pages":"2684-2693"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144102868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Spatio-temporal Evolution Characteristics of Carbon Emission Marginal Abatement Cost and Its Influencing Factors of the Tourism Industry in the Northwest China].","authors":"Yi Yang, Xin-Yue Guo","doi":"10.13227/j.hjkx.202404134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13227/j.hjkx.202404134","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The carbon emissions generated by tourism are becoming an important part of greenhouse gas emissions, which will undoubtedly increase the cost of carbon emission reduction in tourist areas. Marginal carbon abatement cost （MCAC） plays an important role in balancing the relationship between tourism benefits and carbon emission reduction actions. Due to the lack of unified standards for MCAC calculation methods and research scales in the tourism industry and the lack of consensus on accounting principles and analysis methods of the influencing factors, obtaining scientific support for setting carbon tax rates and improving carbon emission trading based on MCAC in practice are difficult. Based on the slacks-based measure data envelopment analysis model, the linear programming method is used to measure and analyze the MCAC of tourism in Northwest China from 2001 to 2021 and its spatial and temporal evolution characteristics. The factors affecting the change of MCAC of tourism are discussed and the robustness and endogeneity tests are passed. The results show that the annual average value of MCAC in tourism in the northwest provinces increased from 706.78 yuan·t^-1 in 2001 to 2 651.04 yuan·t^-1 in 2021. The regional heterogeneity of MCAC in tourism was obvious, and the gap was gradually expanding. There was a \"U\"-shaped relationship between carbon emission intensity and MCAC in tourism. Therefore, it is proposed to implement carbon emission reduction actions on the basis of effectively balancing the relationship between green tourism development and MCAC. Further study showed that energy structure had a significant negative impact on the MCAC in tourism. The industrial structure, technological level, urbanization level, and tourist scale had a significant positive impact. Therefore, it is emphasized that the regional heterogeneity of MCAC in tourism is not only an important factor in the development of local tourism but also that the significant difference will provide conditions for the establishment of a carbon emission trading market. It is suggested to formulate carbon emission reduction targets and differentiated carbon emission reduction actions for tourism in northwest provinces； establish cooperation mechanisms among provinces； formulate unified green tourism standards and certification systems； promote cross-regional green tourism routes； improve low-carbon monitoring and early warning mechanisms for regional tourism； carry out green low-carbon tourism demonstration projects； formulate energy management plans for tourist attractions； establish monitoring, evaluation, and disclosure mechanisms for green low-carbon tourism； improve the quality of green tourism； and realize the \"win-win\" of green growth in tourism and carbon emission reduction.</p>","PeriodicalId":35937,"journal":{"name":"环境科学","volume":"46 5","pages":"2897-2908"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144102599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Effects of Polyethylene Microplastics with Different Particle Sizes on Soil Organic Carbon Characteristics and Mineralization in Agricultural Soil].","authors":"Shu-Ming Liu, Fei-Tong Chen, Chun-Hui Wang, Fan-Long Kong, Zhi-Xiang Jiang","doi":"10.13227/j.hjkx.202403264","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13227/j.hjkx.202403264","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The contamination of agricultural fields by microplastics （MPs） has emerged as a prominent issue of current concern. A 180-day indoor soil cultivation experiment was conducted to investigate the effects and potential mechanisms of various particle sizes [millimeter-scale （mMP）, micrometer-scale （μMP）, and nanometer-scale （nMP）] of polyethylene microplastics （PE-MP） on the mineralization of soil organic carbon （SOC） and changes in its characteristic components. The results indicated that while PE-MP initially （0-13 days） promoted SOC mineralization, it inhibited it over the long term （180 days）, with larger PE-MP particles exhibiting a more pronounced inhibitory effect. PE-MP significantly increased the proportion of SOC distribution within large （&gt;2 mm） and small （0.25-2 mm） aggregates while reducing it in micro-aggregates and silt-clay fractions, with larger-sized PE-MP （mMP and μMP） showing a more pronounced effect, suggesting that the physical protection of SOC by larger aggregates may be a key mechanism for reducing SOC mineralization. Larger-sized PE-MP （mMP） significantly increased the content of active organic carbon [readily oxidizable organic carbon （ROC） and dissolved organic carbon （DOC）] in soil, whereas smaller-sized PE-MP （nMP） significantly decreased DOC content. PE-MP notably increased the content of light fraction organic carbon （LFOC） while significantly decreasing that of heavy fraction organic carbon （HFOC）, with the degree of reduction becoming more pronounced with decreasing particle size. Furthermore, PE-MP significantly reduced the humification degree of dissolved organic matter （DOM）, with smaller particle sizes leading to higher reductions. Correlation analysis and structural equation modeling further revealed that particle size mediated the differential impacts of PE-MP on the contents of various organic carbon characteristic components, degree of DOM humification, and the proportion of SOC in large and small aggregates, thereby influencing the ultimate intensity of SOC mineralization （cumulative CO₂ emissions）. In summary, larger-sized PE-MP facilitated SOC retention and inhibition of its mineralization in agricultural fields； however, as particle size decreases, this beneficial effect may diminish and even become detrimental. These findings provide valuable scientific theoretical foundations for the scientific assessment of the environmental effects of PE-MP in agricultural fields and for effective pollution prevention and control measures.</p>","PeriodicalId":35937,"journal":{"name":"环境科学","volume":"46 5","pages":"3161-3170"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144102664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Spatio-temporal Scale Effects Analysis of Ecosystem Services Interactions in the Pearl River Delta Urban Agglomeration].","authors":"Man-Fei Liu, Rong-Bao Zheng, Mei-Zhao Chen","doi":"10.13227/j.hjkx.202405027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13227/j.hjkx.202405027","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Accurately understanding ecosystem services （ESs） interactions across spatiotemporal scales is crucial for sustainable ecosystem management. We quantified the spatial heterogeneity of six ESs （i.e., water yield, soil retention, water purification, carbon sequestration, habitat quality, and food production） in the Pearl River Delta （PRD） from 2010 to 2022 using the InVEST model and socio-statistical methods. Based on this, the correlation coefficient method, geographically weighted regression model, and self-organizing feature mapping combined with K-means clustering analysis were employed to analyze the spatiotemporal scale effects of the interactions among these six ESs at three spatial scales, namely 1 km2 hexagonal grids, townships, and districts. The results showed that： ① The spatiotemporal heterogeneity of the six ESs in the PRD was significant. Except for soil retention, habitat quality, and food production, the other ESs showed an overall increasing trend over the past 12 years, and the overall spatial distribution pattern of ESs showed a gradient pattern of \"increasing radiation from the central built-up area to the surrounding area.\" ② The interactions among paired ESs in the PRD were primarily synergistic, with most of the absolute values of the correlation coefficients reaching their lowest values in 2015. The interactive relationships and strengths between provisioning services and other ESs exhibited obvious scale variability and fluctuation, whereas the significant synergistic relationship between regulating and supporting services was less susceptible to scale changes. ③ Four types of ecosystem service bundles （ESBs） with different functions were identified at both the hexagonal grid, township, and district scales, including three of the same type of ESBs： ecological conservation bundle, agricultural ecology bundle, and urban ecological depletion bundle, along with three different types of ESBs： habitat quality bundle, urban ecological fragility bundle, and urban agricultural maintenance bundle. Transfers between these ESBs exhibited approximately symmetrical evolutionary characteristics over the last 12-year period. The findings can provide scientific references for regional ecological environment governance and ecosystem zoning management.</p>","PeriodicalId":35937,"journal":{"name":"环境科学","volume":"46 5","pages":"3058-3069"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144102668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Structure and Ecological Processes of the Bacterioplankton Community in the Cascade Reservoirs of the Lower Reaches of the Jinsha River].","authors":"Lu-Xin Chen, Zhe Li, Qiong Tang, Lun-Hui Lu","doi":"10.13227/j.hjkx.202404029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13227/j.hjkx.202404029","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bacterioplankton are an important component of freshwater ecosystems and play a crucial role in the biogeochemical cycling of biogenic elements, such as carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus. The operation of dams can cause notable changes in the hydrological conditions of reservoirs, affecting freshwater ecosystems. Exploring the community structure and ecological processes of bacterioplankton under different hydrological conditions is key to understanding the impact of dams on river ecosystems. Taking the Xiluodu-Xiangjiaba cascade reservoirs in the lower reaches of the Jinsha River as the research object, 16S rRNA amplification sequencing was used to analyze the differences in the community structure and ecological process of bacterioplankton in the water under different scheduling operations of the reservoir. The results indicated that the Simpson index, Chao index, water temperature, dissolved organic carbon （DOC） concentration, and total phosphorus （TP） concentration were higher during the low water level period, whereas the hydraulic retention time, pH, and water level were higher during the high water level period. Significant differences were observed in the composition of bacterioplankton communities between the high and low water level periods. Chloroflexi, Gemmatimonadota, Cyanobacteria, Nitrospirota, and Hydrogenedentes were sensitive to changes in water level environments. Cyanobacteria and Nitrospirota were key species in the bacterioplankton networks. During the low water level period, the diversity and abundance of key species in the bacterioplankton network were higher than those during the high water level period, resulting in a more complex and stable network. During both high and low water level periods, the assembly of bacterioplankton communities were dominated by stochastic processes. Therefore, different scheduling operations of reservoirs affected the community structure and ecological processes of bacterioplankton, thereby affecting the cycling process of carbon and nitrogen elements. The research results have important academic value and scientific importance for understanding the structure and function of aquatic ecosystems in river and reservoir habitats under dam construction and water storage, as well as guiding the management of high dams and large reservoirs.</p>","PeriodicalId":35937,"journal":{"name":"环境科学","volume":"46 5","pages":"2805-2815"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144102717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Response Characteristics and Influencing Mechanism of Soil Enzyme Activity During Secondary Forest Succession in Loess Hilly Region].","authors":"Jian-Jian Liu, Han-Yu Liu, Xiang-Yang Li, Qi Zhang, Jia Zeng, Gui-Xing Li, Meng-Fan He, Cheng-Jie Ren, Gai-He Yang, Xin-Hui Han","doi":"10.13227/j.hjkx.202405032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13227/j.hjkx.202405032","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Soil extracellular enzymes are regulated by a range of biotic and abiotic factors, such as soil moisture and nutrients. In vegetation restoration, due to the heterogeneity of ecosystems and vertical spatial environments of soils, the differences in the response of soil surface and substrate enzyme activities to different stages of succession and the driving mechanisms are unclear. Therefore, using the method of \"space instead of time,\" we analyzed the characteristics of four extracellular enzymes and their influencing factors in the soil surface and bottom layers during the succession of secondary forests in loess hilly areas. The results showed that： ① The activities of <i>β</i>-1,4-glucosidase （BG）； <i>β</i>-D-cellobiose hydrolase （CBH）； and <i>β</i>-1,4-<i>N</i>-acetamido-glucosidase （NAG） were significantly lower in the soil subsoil layer （40-100 cm） compared with those in the 0-20 cm soil layer； however, the activities of alkaline phosphatase （ALP） in the late successional period in the 0-20 cm soil layer were significantly lower than those in the 20-40 cm and 40-60 cm soil layers. Compared with the early and late successional stages, the soil enzyme activities reached the maximum value in the middle stage of succession. ② The succession of secondary forest changed the distribution characteristics of plant community and soil nutrient profile. In the middle stage of succession, the Gleason （<i>G</i>） richness index, Shannon-Wiener diversity index （<i>H</i>）, and Pielou evenness index （<i>E</i>） were the lowest. Compared with that in the early succession stage, the nitrate nitrogen content in the topsoil （0-40 cm） increased significantly in the middle succession stage. Compared with that in the middle succession stage, the soil water content and organic carbon content in the bottom soil layer （40-100 cm） increased significantly in the late succession stage. ③ Redundancy analysis and the least squares path model showed that soil nutrients were the most important factor affecting the soil enzyme activity in the surface layer （0-40 cm） of secondary forest, among which nitrate nitrogen had the highest explanation rate for the change of soil enzyme activity, and soil water content was the key factor to regulate the soil enzyme activity in the bottom layer （40-100 cm）. The results showed that the soil enzyme activity decreased significantly with the increase in soil depth in secondary forest, and the soil enzyme activity was the highest in the middle stage of succession. In the surface layer of soil, the enzyme activity was mainly affected by the content of nitrate nitrogen, and in the bottom layer of soil, and the enzyme activity was mainly regulated by soil water content. The results clarified the profile characteristics of soil enzyme activities at different succession stages and the driving factors of topsoil and subsoil, which provided a basis for formulating scientific forest soil protection policies.</p>","PeriodicalId":35937,"journal":{"name":"环境科学","volume":"46 5","pages":"3139-3147"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144102797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}