环境科学最新文献

{"title":"[Temporal and Spatial Heterogeneity and Its Influencing Factors of Carbon Surplus and Deficit at County-Level Areas in Shaanxi Province].","authors":"Yi-Meng Ding, Ling Han, Xin Huang","doi":"10.13227/j.hjkx.202401161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13227/j.hjkx.202401161","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Carbon source and sink monitoring is an important prerequisite for realizing the dual-carbon target and the evolution of its spatial-temporal pattern and the spatial-temporal heterogeneity of the driving factors are the scientific basis for the implementation of the emission reduction and sink enhancement policy according to the local conditions, which is of great importance for the sustainable development of the region. Based on the carbon balance of payment relationship, the carbon surplus and deficit of Shaanxi Province counties were calculated in 2000, 2010, and 2020 from land use, and a series of exploratory spatial and temporal analysis methods （ESTDA）, including spatial autocorrelation, cold and hot spot analysis, standard deviation ellipse, and LISA-time pathway, were used to study the dynamics of carbon surplus and deficit in Shaanxi Province at different spatial-temporal scales. From the 21 indicators, six types of major driving factors were selected by principal component analysis, and the geographical spatio-temporal weighted regression model （GTWR） was used to identify their spatio-temporal heterogeneity to construct a comprehensive system of indicators to analyze the carbon deficit and its spatio-temporal heterogeneity in Shaanxi Province. The results showed that： ① A carbon surplus of 8.56 million tons in 2000, a carbon deficit of 3 296 tons in 2010, and a deficit of 33.34 million tons occurred in 2020 in Shaanxi Province, and the growth rate of carbon emissions was much larger than that of carbon sinks, which indicates that it was gradually moving towards carbon peaks in Shaanxi Province； however, there is a long way to go to achieve the goal of carbon neutrality. ② The geographical distribution of the \"north deficit and south surplus\" phenomenon was visually represented. A carbon deficit was concentrated in the wind and sand area along the Great Wall and Guanzhong plain. The spatial-temporal leap characteristics were more stable. In conclusion, efforts aimed at emission reduction and carbon sink enhancement were strategically directed towards the northern Shaanxi Region. ③ Among various indicator systems including urban construction, natural resources, anthropogenic activities, energy consumption, industrial development, and ecological protection indicator systems, only ecological protection positively drove carbon profit and deficit. Notably, natural resources had the strongest spatial and temporal heterogeneity in their impact on carbon deficit, and energy consumption was positively driven in some areas of Shaanxi Province. The results will provide accurate policy directions for the development of carbon neutral strategies in Shaanxi Province.</p>","PeriodicalId":35937,"journal":{"name":"环境科学","volume":"46 3","pages":"1502-1516"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143671361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Characteristics and Influencing Factors of PM_2.5-O₃ Composite Pollution in Henan Province].","authors":"Meng-Ke Wang, Le Cao, Li-Qiang Xu, Yu-Xi Wang, Hai-Jiang Kong, Meng-Meng Gao, Yang Qin, Kai Meng, Tian-Liang Zhao","doi":"10.13227/j.hjkx.202402090","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13227/j.hjkx.202402090","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The PM_2.5-O₃ composite pollution in Henan Province has notable impacts on the economy, society, and daily life of the region, exhibiting a more complex nature than single pollution. Therefore, this study utilized air quality data, ground-based meteorological data, boundary layer height, CO concentration, emission inventory, and other information from 17 cities in Henan Province to investigate the spatial-temporal distribution, formation causes, and influencing factors of PM_2.5-O₃ composite pollution from May 2014 to December 2023. The PSCF and CWT methods were used to identify possible source areas of composite pollution. The results showed that： ① Due to the government's control of PM_2.5 pollution and the impact of the epidemic, the PM_2.5-O₃ composite pollution events in Henan Province from 2014 to 2023 showed an overall downward trend, however, rebounded during the resumption of work and production after the epidemic in 2022. Before 2018, O₃ concentration was the major factor determining the occurrence of composite pollution due to severe PM_2.5 pollution. After 2018, the decrease in PM_2.5 concentration increased its importance, especially the decrease in PM_2.5 concentration from May to September in Henan Province, which was the primary reason for the reduction in composite pollution frequency in recent years. ② The monthly distribution of composite pollution showed a bimodal pattern, with peaks in April and October, corresponding to two periods when O₃ increased while PM_2.5 decreased and O₃ decreased while PM_2.5 increased, respectively, whereas the rainy season in July and August had a mitigating effect on composite pollution. ③ The severity of composite pollution in Henan Province was in the order of north &gt; central &gt; south and the topography also had a certain impact on the severity of composite pollution. ④ The meteorological conditions during the occurrence of composite pollution were moderate temperature, specific humidity, and CO concentration between PM_2.5 pollution and O₃ pollution, with low wind speed and low boundary layer height. ⑤ During the period of compound pollution in Henan Province, in addition to the transportation of pollutants from cities inside the province, especially the eastern and northern parts of the province, the eastern area （Anhui Province） and northeastern area （Shandong Province） to Henan Province were the major source areas of pollutants. Emissions from the source area, combined with emissions from cities inside Henan Province, were important causes for the PM_2.5-O₃ pollution during this period.</p>","PeriodicalId":35937,"journal":{"name":"环境科学","volume":"46 3","pages":"1285-1301"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143671089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Accumulation and Clearance of Polystyrene Microplastics in Brine Shrimp and the Responses of Microbiome and Metabolism].","authors":"Zhen-Hua Yan, Xiao Cheng, Tian-Hao Hu, Qi-Han Zhong","doi":"10.13227/j.hjkx.202403163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13227/j.hjkx.202403163","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To investigate the accumulation kinetics of microplastics （MPs） with different characteristics in zooplankton and the related biological effects, the accumulation and clearance of polystyrene microplastics （PS-MPs） with different concentrations and particle sizes in brine shrimp （<i>Artemia</i><i>saline</i>） were analyzed under different nutritional conditions. The responses of microbial communities and metabolic functions in brine shrimp were revealed using the combination methods of microbiome and metabolome. The results showed that the accumulation and clearance rate of PS-MPs in brine shrimp increased with the increase in exposure concentrations, showing a concentration-dependent manner. On the contrary, the accumulation and clearance of PS-MPs in brine shrimp were negatively correlated with their particle sizes. The nutritional condition did not alter the accumulation kinetics of PS-MPs in brine shrimp, indicating that short-term feeding may have had no effect on the uptake and clearance of PS-MPs in brine shrimp. Compared to that in the control, exposure to PS-MPs significantly enhanced the diversity of the microbial community in brine shrimp. The proportions of Proteobacteria and <i>Acinetobacter</i> were increased by 0.4 folds and 12.3 folds, respectively, whereas the proportions of Firmicutes and <i>Bacillus</i> were decreased by 43% and 86%, respectively. This finding indicates that PS-MPs may have caused an imbalance of the bacterial community in brine shrimp by inhibiting the beneficial bacteria and stimulating the harmful bacteria, thus disrupting the metabolic function in brine shrimp. In addition, exposure to PS-MPs resulted in a production of 2 311 different metabolites in brine shrimp and mainly disrupted the pyrimidine metabolism and the biosynthesis of dermal sulfate/chondroitin sulfate in brine shrimp, leading to toxicity in the shrimp. The accumulation and biological effects of MPs with different characteristics in zooplankton may further affect the stability of aquatic systems, leading to unpredictable ecological risks.</p>","PeriodicalId":35937,"journal":{"name":"环境科学","volume":"46 3","pages":"1841-1849"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143671111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Spatio-temporal Variation of Landuse Carbon Budget and Carbon Compensation Zoning at County Level in Henan Province].","authors":"Wen-Ping Deng, Wen-Bo Zhu, Zhe Zhang, Hai-Feng Li, Jia-Ning Hu, Jing-Ya Fu","doi":"10.13227/j.hjkx.202403231","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13227/j.hjkx.202403231","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;As an important province in China with a large population, agriculture, industry, and energy consumption, Henan Province is in a period of attack and opportunity for low-carbon transformation of its economy and optimization of its energy structure, and carrying out a study on the assessment of carbon budget and carbon compensation at the county level, to promote the coordinated development of a low-carbon economy in central China and to realize China's vision of carbon neutrality by 2060, is important. The study selected 123 county-level units in Henan Province as the research object, based on the land use data of Henan Province from 2000 to 2020, constructed the carbon balance estimation model and measured the horizontal compensation standard with the help of the modified carbon compensation model, studied the spatio-temporal pattern of carbon balance and carbon compensation zoning of Henan Province under the perspective of the main functional area, and put forward the regional development strategy guided by the development of low-carbon economy. The research results demonstrated that： ① From 2000 to 2020, the total amount of carbon emissions from land use in Henan Province first increased and then decreased, with the peak in 2015, and the construction land was the major source of carbon. The amount of carbon absorption continued to grow steadily, and arable land and forest land were the major carriers of carbon sinks. The carbon budget showed significant spatial and temporal characteristics； carbon absorption showed a spatial pattern of \"high in the west and low in the east, high in the south and low in the north；\" and carbon emissions were spatially characterized by \"a concentration of high values in the center and the north and a scattering of low values towards the outside.\" ② Henan Province exhibited similar spatial patterns in carbon intensity and net emissions, with high values in the central and northern regions tapering off outwards. From 2000 to 2020, carbon emission intensity ranked as follows： national key development zones （1.09） &gt; provincial key areas （0.93） &gt; agricultural areas （0.83） &gt; provincial ecological zones （0.70） &gt; national ecological zones （0.47）. For net carbon emissions, the order was （×10&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt; t）： national key zones （165.94） &gt; provincial key areas （52.55） &gt; agricultural areas （-35.52） &gt; provincial ecological zones （-47.11） &gt; national ecological zones （-60.93）. Conversely, carbon compensation rates（%） were highest in provincial ecological zones （821）, followed by those in national ecological zones （773）, agricultural areas （412）, provincial key areas （198）, and lowest in national key zones （11）. ③ Carbon compensation varied significantly across 123 counties in Henan Province, with a total carbon payment of 9 207.09×10&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt; yuan and offset of 4 819.29×10&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt; yuan in 2020. A total of 45 payment zones and 78 compensation zones were identified, including 20 heavy payment z","PeriodicalId":35937,"journal":{"name":"环境科学","volume":"46 3","pages":"1517-1534"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143671286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Pollution and Carbon Emission Reduction and Synergistic Pathways in the Operation Phase of Sponge City Source Control Facilities].","authors":"Si-Yuan Peng, Hong-Tao Zhao, Hua Chai","doi":"10.13227/j.hjkx.202403119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13227/j.hjkx.202403119","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>China is currently at a crucial stage of systematically advancing the construction of sponge cities and completely implementing the \"synergetic enhancement of pollution and carbon emission reduction.\" The pollution and carbon emission reduction benefits during the operational phase of sponge source control facilities, as well as the synergistic path must be crucially understood scientifically. Taking 30 sponge city construction projects in Wuxi, Jiangsu Province as examples, we analyzed the pollution and carbon emission reduction benefits, construction costs, and determined the synergistic relationship among them during the operational phase. Additionally, we proposed a synergistic path among the three by utilizing a constrained NSGA-Ⅱ multi-objective optimization algorithm. The results showed differences in the pollutant and carbon reduction capacity and the composition of carbon reduction capacity （carbon sequestration by vegetation, carbon storage by runoff, and carbon reduction by pollution reduction） of sponge source control facilities （infiltration rain gardens, drainage rain gardens, undercrofts, planted swales, and permeable pavement）. Therefore, the ratio of the underlying surface area of the sponge source control facilities influenced the pollutant and carbon emission reduction benefits and costs of the project； however, a marginal effect was observed, which was mainly reflected in the permeable pavement to the pollution reduction benefits of the project （<i>R</i>²=0.423 9）. The synergy between the pollution reduction benefit and carbon emission reduction benefit of sponge projects was weak, in which the pollution reduction benefit had a trend of increasing marginal cost for the pollution reduction benefit （<i>R</i>²=0.784 4）, whereas the carbon emission reduction benefit was linearly correlated with the construction cost （<i>R</i>²=0.544 7）. Furthermore, a multi-objective optimization algorithm was employed to propose a series of distinct combinations of sponge source control facilities, each optimized for a distinct set of objectives. The results elucidate the pollution and carbon emission reduction benefits and synergistic optimization path of sponge source facilities in the operation phase, which can provide scientific basis for achieving the goal of \"pollution and carbon emission reduction, greening, and growth\" and maximizing ecological value.</p>","PeriodicalId":35937,"journal":{"name":"环境科学","volume":"46 3","pages":"1548-1557"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143671323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Activity and Stoichiometry of Soil Enzymes in Aggregates of Different Soil Types in Subtropical Forests].","authors":"Zhi-Feng Su, De-Zhou Huang, Zhi-Yi Zhu, Rong-Shu Chen, Ting-Hao Dai, Jian-Hong Liang, Jing Zhu","doi":"10.13227/j.hjkx.202401042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13227/j.hjkx.202401042","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;To reveal the differences in soil microbial nutrient limitation and nutrient availability at the aggregate scale of soil types in a subtropical forest in China, the O/A horizon （0-3 cm and 0-7 cm, respectively） and AB horizon （below O/A horizon to 20 cm depth） of typical acidic red soil and neutral limestone soil in Northern Guangxi were studied. The activities of carbon-acquiring enzymes （sucrase, amylase, &lt;i&gt;β&lt;/i&gt;-1,4-glucosidase （BG））, nitrogen-acquiring enzymes （urease, &lt;i&gt;β&lt;/i&gt;-1,4-N-acetyl-glucosaminidase （NAG）, leucine amino peptidase （LAP））, and phosphorus-acquiring enzymes （phytase and acid phosphatase （AP）） in different aggregate sizes were determined to reveal the variation in soil enzyme stoichiometry characteristics. The results showed that the limestone soil had higher nitrogen-acquiring enzyme activity compared to that in the red soil, with urease, NAG, and LAP activities being 38.84%, 123.89%, and 4.06% higher, respectively. The differences in carbon- and phosphorus-acquiring enzyme activities between the two soils were not significant. The overall soil enzyme activities in the O/A horizon were higher than in the AB horizon for both red soil and limestone soil. Soil total organic carbon and pH were identified as key factors influencing soil enzyme activities. Most enzyme activities （BG, urease, NAG, and phytase） were higher in micro-aggregates （0.1-0.25 mm and &lt;0.1 mm）, emphasizing the role of micro-aggregates in promoting organic matter decomposition and accelerating soil nutrient cycling. Compared to those in red soil, limestone soil exhibited greater differences in NAG and phytase activities among aggregates. The mean values of ln（BG）∶ln（NAG+LAP）∶ln（AP） of red soil and limestone soil as well as their aggregates were 1.02∶1∶1.04 and 0.95∶1∶0.93, respectively, generally conforming to the global average ratio of 1∶1∶1. The ln（BG）∶ln（NAG+LAP） and vector lengths were higher in red soil than in limestone soil, indicating stronger carbon limitation in the red soil. The ln（NAG+LAP）∶ln（AP） ratio was lower in red soil than in limestone soil, with the former having a larger vector angle, suggesting stronger phosphorus limitation. Soil pH and total phosphorus were identified as the primary influencing factors of enzyme activity stoichiometry characteristics, suggesting that the bioavailability of organic matter and phosphorus in acidic soil was lower than in limestone soil, prompting microbes to secrete carbon and phosphorus enzymes to enhance acquisition efficiency. The high pH of limestone soil may lead to nitrogen limitation due to nitrate leaching caused by higher mineralization and nitrification rates. Microbes in the large aggregates （1-2 mm and 0.5-1 mm） of both soils experienced stronger phosphorus limitation, whereas carbon limitation was stronger in micro-aggregates, especially in the 0.1-0.25 mm aggregates. The microbial nutrient pattern in limestone soil aggregates shifted from phosphorus limitation to nitrogen limitat","PeriodicalId":35937,"journal":{"name":"环境科学","volume":"46 3","pages":"1716-1728"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143671115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Spatiotemporal Changes and Driving Factors of Ecosystem Services in Taiyuan City].","authors":"Ming-Wei Xie, Hui-di Zhou, Wen-Zhen Jia, Li Ran, Xiang-Rong Wang, Song Chen","doi":"10.13227/j.hjkx.202404020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13227/j.hjkx.202404020","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To investigate the spatial and temporal changes and causes of ecosystem services （ESs） in Taiyuan City, six ESs indicators were selected based on five periods of land use data from 2000 to 2020, while ESs were assessed using multi-source data with the help of the InVEST model and the revised universal soil loss equation （RUSLE）. Further, the Spearman correlation coefficient was used to analyze trade-offs and synergies among ESs. Finally, geodetectors were used to explore the driving factors. The results showed that： ① Land use types in Taiyuan City were dominated by grassland, forest, and arable land, with construction land expanding by 170.1 km², forest area increasing by 404.6 km², and water area increasing by 61.3 km² simultaneously arable land and grassland decreasing from 2000 to 2020. A notable transfer of arable land to grassland and grassland to forest had occurred. ② ESs increased overall； carbon stock, oxygen release, soil retention, and water purification increased； habitat quality first increased and then decreased； and food provision decreased. ③ There was mainly a synergistic relationship between ESs. Carbon stock, habitat quality, and water purification were trade-offs and weakened over time. Land use/cover change （LUCC）, elevation （DEM）, and temperature were important drivers of ESs. A significant impact of slope on soil retention, anthropogenic activities on food provision, and precipitation on water purification was observed. The results of this study provide scientific basis for ecological protection and sustainable development in Taiyuan City.</p>","PeriodicalId":35937,"journal":{"name":"环境科学","volume":"46 3","pages":"1597-1607"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143671352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Effect and Mechanism of <i>Chlamydomonas reinhartii</i> Living Cell Agents in Alleviating Cd Stress on Wheat Seedlings].","authors":"Chun-Yan Lei, Ya-Nan Li, Meng-Jing Liang, Ze Yang, Yan Sun, Chun-Li Ji, Chun-Hui Zhang, Run-Zhi Li, Xi-Ping Sun, Hong-Li Cui","doi":"10.13227/j.hjkx.202402106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13227/j.hjkx.202402106","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Cadmium （Cd） pollution not only leads to the reduction in crop yields but also migrates and accumulates through the food chain, thus posing a threat to human health. It is an important issue to reduce Cd uptake and enrichment in crops and increase crop resistance to Cd stress for sustainable development of green-health agriculture. To establish a novel agronomic technique using microalgae to control Cd pollution and improve crop stress resistance, the microalga &lt;i&gt;Chlamydomonas reinhardtii&lt;/i&gt; and wheat （&lt;i&gt;Triticum aestivum&lt;/i&gt;）were employed for systematic investigation so as to the elucidate effects and mechanism of microalgae in blocking Cd migration and enhancing crop resistance to Cd stress. The test crop materials were the winter wheat variety JM182 and spring wheat variety JC6. Hydroponic experiments were used to simulate Cd stress at two dosages, 50 mg·L&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt; （Cd50） and 100 mg·L&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt; （Cd100）. Two different dosages of &lt;i&gt;C. reinhardtii&lt;/i&gt; living cell agents, i.e., the microalgal cell cultures with &lt;i&gt;D&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;680&lt;/sub&gt; = 1.0 （A1.0） and &lt;i&gt;D&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;680&lt;/sub&gt; = 2.0 （A2.0）, were prepared using conventional microalgal-cultivation methods and subsequently used to treat wheat seedlings under Cd stress. Several physiological and biochemical parameters were determined for wheat seedlings under two doses of Cd stress, respectively, including growth features, photosynthesis, cellular antioxidant enzyme activity, Cd uptake, transportation and accumulation, and transcriptions of the genes associated with heavy metal transportation. The results showed that Cd stress crucially inhibited the growth of wheat seedlings. However, the application of &lt;i&gt;C. reinhardtii&lt;/i&gt; living cell agents significantly increased the contents of photosynthetic pigments （chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoids） and activated the antioxidant enzyme system activities （SOD, POD, CAT, GSH, and APX）. The microalgal living cell agents also reduced the damage of Cd stress on wheat seedling growth. Moreover, both doses （A1.0 and A2.0） of &lt;i&gt;C. reinhardtii&lt;/i&gt; living cell agents downregulated the expression of the genes related to heavy metal absorption and transportation （&lt;i&gt;TaHMA2&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;TaHMA3&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;TaNramp1&lt;/i&gt;,and &lt;i&gt;TaLCT1&lt;/i&gt;）. Analysis of Cd contents indicated that Cd stress resulted in Cd accumulation in wheat seedlings, with a higher level of Cd in JC6 than in JM182 under both doses of Cd stresses. Cd50 and Cd100 stresses led to Cd levels up to 185.01 mg·kg&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt; and 342.11 mg·kg&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt; in JC6 wheat seedlings and 176.76 mg·kg&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt; and 317.65 mg·kg&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt; in JM182, respectively. Notably, the addition of the microalgal living cell agent significantly reduced Cd enrichment in wheat seedlings of both varieties under Cd stresses. Compared to the Cd level in JC6 wheat seedlings under Cd50 stress, the Cd accumulation level in roots and stem-leaf parts of A2.0-treated JC6 wheat seedlings was reduced by 76.80% and 66.91%, r","PeriodicalId":35937,"journal":{"name":"环境科学","volume":"46 3","pages":"1795-1805"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143671230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Comprehensive Ecosystem Service Changes and Their Drivers in the Middle Reaches of Jinsha River].","authors":"Xiu Zhang, Xuan Zhang, Lei Cui, Hao Chen, Jia Song, Fan Wan, Chong Li","doi":"10.13227/j.hjkx.202402105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13227/j.hjkx.202402105","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hydropower development is an important starting point for China to implement the dual carbon strategy in the energy field in the new era, and the influence mechanism of a large-scale hydropower development mode with ecological priority on watershed ecosystem service has become complicated. Therefore, exploing the ecosystem services change under the influence of hydropower development is highly important. As one of the frequent anthropogenic activity areas in southwest China, the investigation on the impact of hydropower development on ecosystem service is developing from single factor and single process to multi-factor comprehensive ecosystem service functions. This study conducted a multi-scale analysis in the middle reaches of Jinsha River, a hydropower development base in southwest China, to quantitatively evaluate the spatio-temporal characteristics of water yield, carbon storage, and habitat quality before （2000） and after （2020） hydropower development using the InVEST model； to assess the three ecosystem services based on a comprehensive ecosystems service index （CESI） from the perspective of balanced development； and to investigate the mechanism of CESI change under hydropower development. The results indicated that： ① At the watershed level, water yield showed a decreasing trend （by 18.22%）, whereas carbon storage （by 0.26%） and habitat quality （by 0.45%） showed a subtle increasing trend from 2000 to 2020. ② The three ecosystem services in the sub-watershed with different levels of hydropower development exhibited different changing characteristics： the three ecosystem services in sub-watersheds with higher levels of hydropower development decreased, whereas carbon storage and habitat quality in sub-watersheds without hydropower development increased. ③ The CESI showed a downward trend （by 8.13%）, and pinpointed regions of increasing CESI were in the up and down reaches of the regions, whereas those of decreasing CESI were in the middle reaches of the regions. The sustained hot spots of CESI were located near the left side of the upstream and downstream of the main stream, and the sustained cold spots were mainly distributed in sub-watershed 21 and 23. ④ The △CESI were comprehensively influenced by the climate, land use, landscape pattern, and socio-economic changes, with the change in annual precipitation and the PD of water being the key drivers of △CESI, and the contribution rates were 89.4% and 3.2%, respectively. Moreover, the gross domestic production （GDP） change was found to be positively associated with the △CESI. We proposed to improve the comprehensive function of ecosystem services by reducing interference with sustained hotspots, considering the continuous cold point area as a priority for hydropower development, maintaining intensive urban development, and cultivating more concentrated arable land. This study provides support for the hydropower development planning of ecosystems.</p>","PeriodicalId":35937,"journal":{"name":"环境科学","volume":"46 3","pages":"1585-1596"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143671095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Network Structural Characteristics of Urban Green Innovation of China and Its Impact on Carbon Emissions].","authors":"Hui-Ping Wang, Pei-Ling Liu","doi":"10.13227/j.hjkx.202402005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13227/j.hjkx.202402005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Based on the social network analysis method, panel data from 254 cities in China spanning from 2006 to 2019 was utilized. A green innovation network was established using a modified gravity model, which described the overall and individual characteristics of the network. It also analyzed the impact utility and mechanisms of centrality features within the network on carbon emissions. The conclusions showed that： ① From 2006 to 2019, the green innovation level of 254 cities in China presented obvious spatial correlation network characteristics. The overall structure of the network was relatively stable, with a steady increase in the number of related relationships and the overall network density value showing an upward trend. The eastern cities represented by Shenzhen, Suzhou, and Wuxi occupied a central position in the green innovation network. ② The improvement of the central location of the urban network had significantly exacerbated carbon emissions, and this impact had certain heterogeneity in different geographical locations and city sizes. Among them, the improvement of the network center position in the northeast, eastern, and western regions had exacerbated carbon emissions, whereas the impact in the central region was not significant. In large cities, the increase in network center location exacerbated carbon emissions； however, it was not significant in small and medium-sized cities. ③ The mesomeric effect showed that the promotion of the network center location could promote carbon emissions through energy consumption.</p>","PeriodicalId":35937,"journal":{"name":"环境科学","volume":"46 3","pages":"1450-1461"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143671319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}