Sudebno-Meditsinskaya Ekspertisa最新文献

{"title":"[Analysis of expert diagnostics and identification of sharp objects on putrefactively altered corpses in the Republic of Bashkortostan for 2013-2023].","authors":"K O Kuznetsov, E M Kildyushov, A A Khalikov","doi":"10.17116/sudmed20266902117","DOIUrl":"10.17116/sudmed20266902117","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The article presents an analysis of cases of fatal injury with sharp objects in the Republic of Bashkortostan for the period from 2013 to 2023. It has been established that acute trauma accounts for more than 5% of the structure of fatal mechanical injury. Among them, victims with stab wounds prevailed (85.3%). Corpses in a state of pronounced putrefactive changes occur annually and cause significant difficulties in conducting forensic medical examinations of acute trauma. The study of putrefactive corpses necessitates the improvement of existing techniques, as well as the search, development and implementation of new methods to establish a specific instance of a traumatic object in cases of acute trauma in putrefactively altered corpses.</p>","PeriodicalId":35704,"journal":{"name":"Sudebno-Meditsinskaya Ekspertisa","volume":"69 2","pages":"17-21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147700071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[On the question of the second phase of car injury].","authors":"O Yu Samarkina, S V Leonov, D S Farenik","doi":"10.17116/sudmed20266902151","DOIUrl":"10.17116/sudmed20266902151","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Traditionally identified phases of accidents prove to be insufficiently informative to explain car injuries to pedestrians in real road traffic accidents. The mechanisms of injuries differ significantly depending on the characteristics of the vehicle, e.g., the design of the hood or the inclination of the windshield, the speed of the vehicle, as well as the build and height of the pedestrian. The conducted study showed that the concept of «falling and hitting the hood», traditionally considered as the second phase of accidents, is often incorrect. In some cases, this phase may be completely absent in a frontal collision. Or, after the initial impact, multiple impacts of various parts of the pedestrian's body on the vehicle body are possible, which creates a complex picture of injuries that does not fit well into the framework of traditional concepts. Based on the obtained results, it is proposed to revise the terminology and designate the second phase of accidents as the phase of «contact interaction with the vehicle body», emphasizing the variability of events occurring between the initial collision and the moment of a complete stop or throwing of the pedestrian's body.</p>","PeriodicalId":35704,"journal":{"name":"Sudebno-Meditsinskaya Ekspertisa","volume":"69 2","pages":"51-54"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147700324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Forensic definition of «harm to health»].","authors":"E V Tumanov, E M Kildyushov, I Yu Makarov","doi":"10.17116/sudmed20266901152","DOIUrl":"10.17116/sudmed20266901152","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The article proposes a definition of the forensic medical definition of «harm to health» in accordance with the current legislation of the Russian Federation.</p>","PeriodicalId":35704,"journal":{"name":"Sudebno-Meditsinskaya Ekspertisa","volume":"69 1","pages":"52-54"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147285378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Prospects for the application of multiplex immunophenotyping in the practice of forensic histological examination].","authors":"M V Fedulova, D A Atyakshin, A A Gusarov, O I Patsap, A A Kostin, A V Alekhnovich","doi":"10.17116/sudmed20266901116","DOIUrl":"10.17116/sudmed20266901116","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The article highlights the relevance of developing innovative technologies for the purposes of forensic pathology, describes the possibilities of the multiplex IHC method and shows some areas of its application. The tasks and problems of determining the vitality and age of injuries have been identified, which can be solved by using a multiplex IHC. The prospects of this method are revealed, which consist in the ability to formulate original hypotheses and ideas about the mechanisms of reparative regeneration, determine informative criteria of the local tissue microenvironment for detecting pathological changes, and identify new criteria for the inflammatory-reparative process in order to narrow time intervals and increase the accuracy of determining the prescription of damage in various types of trauma.</p>","PeriodicalId":35704,"journal":{"name":"Sudebno-Meditsinskaya Ekspertisa","volume":"69 1","pages":"16-21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147285338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Subcutaneous emphysema as a result of treatment of a non-penetrating stab wound of the chest with a solution of hydrogen peroxide].","authors":"I N Ivanov","doi":"10.17116/sudmed20266901155","DOIUrl":"10.17116/sudmed20266901155","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Treatment of a non-penetrating stab wound of the chest with a 3% hydrogen peroxide solution can cause rapid development of subcutaneous emphysema, spreading to adjacent anatomical areas. Gaping of the entrance wound can contribute to the leakage of hydrogen peroxide solution into the wound channel. Subcutaneous emphysema in the area of a stab wound in the chest may be misinterpreted as a sign of a penetrating wound. To avoid erroneous conclusions, it is necessary to take into account the specifics of wound treatment during emergency medical care.</p>","PeriodicalId":35704,"journal":{"name":"Sudebno-Meditsinskaya Ekspertisa","volume":"69 1","pages":"55-58"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147285368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Hypertelorism: Cranioscopic and Craniometric Characteristics].","authors":"O M Fandeeva, I V Gaivoronskiy, K V Solovyev, G I Nichiporuk, V L Popov","doi":"10.17116/sudmed20266904159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17116/sudmed20266904159","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>A detailed cranioscopic and craniometric analysis of a skull with hypertelorism from the collection of the Department of Normal Anatomy at the S.M. Kirov Military Medical Academy. This analysis compared the forensic anthropological analysis with standard parameters and highlighted the role of museum materials in the study of craniofacial anomalies.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>The object of the study was the skull of an adult male. Classic craniometric methods were used. Particular attention was paid to interorbital distance measurements and nasal parameters. A cranioscopic visual examination was performed, documenting morphological abnormalities.</p><p><strong>Results and conclusion: </strong>The skull was found to belong to a Caucasian male aged 54.5±7.0 years. Characteristic signs of orbital hypertelorism with craniometric values exceeding standard values were identified, confirming the diagnosis of true orbital hypertelorism.</p>","PeriodicalId":35704,"journal":{"name":"Sudebno-Meditsinskaya Ekspertisa","volume":"69 4","pages":"59-61"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148680238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Establishing the nature of causality in forensic medicine].","authors":"V L Popov, Yu A Khrustaleva","doi":"10.17116/sudmed20266904148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17116/sudmed20266904148","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Forensic medical examiners have their own competencies and responsibilities. An expert should only answer questions that relate to their area of expertise, such as the presence or absence of a causal relationship between injuries and death. With regard to causality, the task of a forensic medical examiner is seen as explaining the processes occurring in the human body, expressed in the terminology of cause-and-effect relationships. The introduction of a definition of the term «causal relationship» into the criminal legislation of the Russian Federation, as well as the criteria for establishing it, will ensure the unification of law enforcement practice in matters of «diagnosing» causality.</p>","PeriodicalId":35704,"journal":{"name":"Sudebno-Meditsinskaya Ekspertisa","volume":"69 4","pages":"48-52"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148680264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Professional training of specialists in the field of forensic-chemical and chemical-toxicological expertise: key aspects].","authors":"V A Kutyakov","doi":"10.17116/sudmed20266905156","DOIUrl":"10.17116/sudmed20266905156","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To examine key aspects of training specialists in forensic chemical and chemical-toxicological examination, identify the most significant competencies, justify the need for continuous training in the context of developing modern technologies and the emergence of new (alternative) research objects and substances, and make proposals for the development of a comprehensive system for training specialists in forensic chemical examinations.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>The materials for this article were publications in relevant periodicals, current regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation, curricula, educational and methodological complexes of disciplines, and materials for continuing professional training developed by specialists of the Krasnoyarsk State Medical University (KrasSMU). The following databases were used for the search: Scientific Electronic Library (eLIBRARY.RU), Garant (https://www.garant.ru), the Official Internet Portal of Legal Information (https://publication.pravo.gov.ru), and the KrasSMU website (https://krasGMU.ru/). Theoretical research methods were used, including an analysis of domestic publications on the training of specialists in forensic chemical and chemical-toxicological examinations and the conduct of such examinations; a summary of relevant material; and a systematization of data.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The article presents the specifics of training specialists in forensic chemical and chemical-toxicological examinations, highlighting the interdisciplinary nature of expert work in conducting forensic chemical examinations and the need to harmonize and approve professional standards for «Specialist in Chemical-Toxicological Examinations (Research)» and «Specialist in Forensic Chemical Examination». It is proposed to develop and approve standard programs for professional and continuing professional education for these specialists, a Code of Professional Ethics for forensic experts, and eliminate ambiguity in the interpretation of job titles for specialists with non-medical education in the forensic chemical and chemical-toxicological examination departments of forensic medical examination bureaus.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Successful resolution of the discussed issues regarding improving the professional training of experts (forensic experts (chemical experts), medical chemical experts) will enable the selection and training of competent specialists in the field of forensic chemical examination.</p>","PeriodicalId":35704,"journal":{"name":"Sudebno-Meditsinskaya Ekspertisa","volume":"69 5","pages":"56-62"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149040978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Comparative characteristics of gunshot wounds caused by self-loading and factory-made 12-caliber cartridges fired from the MC 21-12 rifle at different distances].","authors":"A L Shkutenko, A V Fedotov, O L Antonova, D N Uslontsev","doi":"10.17116/sudmed20266905132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17116/sudmed20266905132","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The <b>purpose</b> of the work is to establish and compare the morphological characteristics of damage caused by shots from a hunting rifle MC 21-12, using factory-made and self-loaded cartridges at various distances, with the possibility of further use of the results in expert practice. The aim is to determine the morphological features of the resulting damage and the nature of the deposition of the products of the shot. As a result of the study, the composition and maximum distances of the spread of the products of the shot with cartridges from such a gun were established. The features of the experimental damage of white biazi targets, struck from different distances, were identified.</p>","PeriodicalId":35704,"journal":{"name":"Sudebno-Meditsinskaya Ekspertisa","volume":"69 5","pages":"32-37"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149040833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[About the classification of car injuries].","authors":"V L Popov","doi":"10.17116/sudmed20266904119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17116/sudmed20266904119","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>An updated version of the generally accepted forensic classification of motor vehicle injuries is proposed. The general principle of the current classification, based on the relationship between the circumstances, phase, and mechanism (type of traumatic impact) of injury formation, is retained. The proposed classification takes into account the modern design diversity of automobiles and the variety of conditions under which the victim comes into contact with parts of a moving vehicle.</p>","PeriodicalId":35704,"journal":{"name":"Sudebno-Meditsinskaya Ekspertisa","volume":"69 4","pages":"19-23"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148680276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}