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[On the challenges and shortfalls of expert assessment of maxillofacial injuries with concussions according to medical documents only]. [论仅依据医学文献对颌面部损伤伴脑震荡进行专家评估的挑战与不足]。
Sudebno-Meditsinskaya Ekspertisa Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.17116/sudmed20256801154
M O Yagmurov, I A Tolmachev, A P Bozhchenko, Yu A Khrustaleva
{"title":"[On the challenges and shortfalls of expert assessment of maxillofacial injuries with concussions according to medical documents only].","authors":"M O Yagmurov, I A Tolmachev, A P Bozhchenko, Yu A Khrustaleva","doi":"10.17116/sudmed20256801154","DOIUrl":"10.17116/sudmed20256801154","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To determine the shortfalls of medical documents for victims with facial injuries and concussions and the related challenges during forensic medical expert assessment of the injury.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>The medical records of the victims and the reports of forensic examination of living persons were examined.</p><p><strong>Results and conclusion: </strong>Facial injuries with concussion account for about 20% of all examinations of living persons. The morphological essence of the described lesions differs significantly among forensic medical experts and clinical doctors. Clinicians provide an excessive or insufficiently validated diagnosis of concussion, which is not confirmed during forensic medical examination in nearly 40% of cases. Forensic medical experts could determine the nature of trauma based on the study of medical documents only in 68% of cases. The efficacy of in-person expert examinations of victims is low. Some ambiguous provisions of regulations and medical criteria for determining the severity of harm caused to human health allow for arbitrary interpretation.</p>","PeriodicalId":35704,"journal":{"name":"Sudebno-Meditsinskaya Ekspertisa","volume":"68 1","pages":"54-58"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143524689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Forensic medical characteristics of bullet injuries caused by shots from smoothbore 12-gauge firearms]. [12口径滑膛火器射击造成的枪伤的法医特征]。
Sudebno-Meditsinskaya Ekspertisa Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.17116/sudmed20256801134
S V Leonov, A V Khodulapov, P V Pinchuk, E N Leonova
{"title":"[Forensic medical characteristics of bullet injuries caused by shots from smoothbore 12-gauge firearms].","authors":"S V Leonov, A V Khodulapov, P V Pinchuk, E N Leonova","doi":"10.17116/sudmed20256801134","DOIUrl":"10.17116/sudmed20256801134","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The article presents the results of experimental study of the features of injuries of clothing imitators (coarse calico) and parts of the human body as a result of shots from smoothbore 12-gauge firearms (12×70) with cartridges, equipped with metal alloy and plastic bullets. The distinctive features of morphology of experimental gunshot injuries caused by bullets of different construction have been given.</p>","PeriodicalId":35704,"journal":{"name":"Sudebno-Meditsinskaya Ekspertisa","volume":"68 1","pages":"34-37"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143524756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Method of autopsy study of thalamus and basal nuclei]. [丘脑和基底核的解剖研究方法]。
Sudebno-Meditsinskaya Ekspertisa Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.17116/sudmed20256803143
A S Konakov, Yu S Brikova, E M Koludarova
{"title":"[Method of autopsy study of thalamus and basal nuclei].","authors":"A S Konakov, Yu S Brikova, E M Koludarova","doi":"10.17116/sudmed20256803143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17116/sudmed20256803143","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Thalamus and basal nuclei are deep structures of the brain which play a crucial role in regulating consciousness level. Traumatic injuries in them occur in craniocerebral injury (CCI), post-traumatic alterations - at the 2nd stage of dislocation syndrome. Non-traumatic hemorrhages are most often located in these structures. The existing methods of the brain autopsy study have not been effective enough for their focused detailed examination.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To develop the rational and effective method of thalamus and basal nuclei autopsy examination for identification of pathomorphological changes and their characteristics.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>The brain of 42 males and 31 females aged 18-65 years who died due to CCI at different times of post-traumatic period, as well as 22 males and 25 females aged 35-68 years who died due to various causes of non-violent death, was examined according to autopsy data. The cases were divided into 2 groups for study of the thalamus and basal nuclei: in the 1st group (69 observations) the brain was examined by traditional methods (Virchow, Pitre, Fisher), in the 2nd group (51 observations) - by own developed method.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the 1st study group hemorrhages in thalamus were found in 15% of cases, in basal nuclei - in 12%, in the 2nd group -hemorrhages in thalamus were identified in 32%, in basal nuclei - in 21% of observations. The application of newly developed method of thalamus and basal nuclei autopsy examination has shown its advisability and efficacy.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The method of autopsy study of the thalamus and basal nuclei has been developed and proposed for practice that will allow to increase the objectivity and evidence of forensic medical examination of the corpse.</p>","PeriodicalId":35704,"journal":{"name":"Sudebno-Meditsinskaya Ekspertisa","volume":"68 3","pages":"43-46"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144327085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Stillbirth: historical aspects and current state of the problem]. [死产：历史方面和问题的现状]。
Sudebno-Meditsinskaya Ekspertisa Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.17116/sudmed20256803151
A V Kopylov, E M Kildyushov, M V Berlay, I I Fedko, Kh A Avanesyan, S M Karpov
{"title":"[Stillbirth: historical aspects and current state of the problem].","authors":"A V Kopylov, E M Kildyushov, M V Berlay, I I Fedko, Kh A Avanesyan, S M Karpov","doi":"10.17116/sudmed20256803151","DOIUrl":"10.17116/sudmed20256803151","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The world literature data characterizing the problem of stillbirth are summarized and systematized in this article. We studied scientific publications of the first half of the 20th century discussing issues that are still relevant today: the feasibility of creating a unified system for consideration of the stillbirth criteria, the importance of managing pregnant women in the antenatal period, the need for comprehensive training of doctors in order to prevent stillbirth. Attention has been focused on the features of performing forensic and coroner's autopsies of fetuses and deceased newborns. The current state of the problem of stillbirth has been considered. The importance of using theoretical knowledge in the field of obstetrics and gynecology, pathological anatomy for the purposes of forensic medical practice has been noted.</p>","PeriodicalId":35704,"journal":{"name":"Sudebno-Meditsinskaya Ekspertisa","volume":"68 3","pages":"51-56"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144327087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[To determination of the causal relationship between the actions of medical professionals and the occurrence of adverse outcome in expertises on medical malpractice cases]. [目的确定医疗事故案件专业鉴定中医疗专业人员行为与不良后果发生的因果关系]。
Sudebno-Meditsinskaya Ekspertisa Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.17116/sudmed20256804111
S A Povzun
{"title":"[To determination of the causal relationship between the actions of medical professionals and the occurrence of adverse outcome in expertises on medical malpractice cases].","authors":"S A Povzun","doi":"10.17116/sudmed20256804111","DOIUrl":"10.17116/sudmed20256804111","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Two expert reports of medical malpractice cases, in one of which there was a conclusion about the presence of a direct causal relationship with the natural course of the disease, and the other - with the incorrect actions of the doctor, were analyzed. Methodological approaches to solving such issues are discussed. It is recommended to use the logical method of hypothetical elimination of incorrect actions of medical professionals in order to avoid errors.</p>","PeriodicalId":35704,"journal":{"name":"Sudebno-Meditsinskaya Ekspertisa","volume":"68 4","pages":"11-15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145030994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Problems of forensic medical examinations in court cases concerning the timing of dental care provision]. [法庭案件中关于提供牙科护理时间的法医检查问题]。
Sudebno-Meditsinskaya Ekspertisa Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.17116/sudmed2025680514
S N Andreeva, S V Shigeev
{"title":"[Problems of forensic medical examinations in court cases concerning the timing of dental care provision].","authors":"S N Andreeva, S V Shigeev","doi":"10.17116/sudmed2025680514","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17116/sudmed2025680514","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The importance of the issues of proper medical care registration determined the choice of investigation of the features of forensic medical examinations in assessing the timing of dental care provision based on an analysis of the legislative regulatory framework and court practice on dentistry as the research objective. The study of legislative regulatory documents, official websites of 15 insurance companies and 1800 conclusions of forensic medical experts in civil cases regarding the poor-quality dental care delivery for the 2013-2022 period allowed to reveal the lack of a clear definition of treatment time terms and criteria for completion of dental treatment. Issues of delay in treatment are considered in more than 3% of dental-related court cases, and there is a significant number of complaints about the quality of forensic medical examinations in the matter of the groundlessness of experts' findings by reference to legislative regulations.</p>","PeriodicalId":35704,"journal":{"name":"Sudebno-Meditsinskaya Ekspertisa","volume":"68 5","pages":"4-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145410263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Methodology for performing intralaboratory quality control in establishing species of the blood by IgGtotal with the use of quantitative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay]. [使用定量酶联免疫吸附法通过IgGtotal建立血液种类进行实验室内质量控制的方法]。
Sudebno-Meditsinskaya Ekspertisa Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.17116/sudmed20256801138
A A Gusarov, V L Sidorov, O D Yagmurov, M N Nagornov
{"title":"[Methodology for performing intralaboratory quality control in establishing species of the blood by IgGtotal with the use of quantitative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay].","authors":"A A Gusarov, V L Sidorov, O D Yagmurov, M N Nagornov","doi":"10.17116/sudmed20256801138","DOIUrl":"10.17116/sudmed20256801138","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The objective of the study is to develop the methodology for conducting intralaboratory quality control of total IgG investigations in establishing species of the blood by quantitative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using the Russian «IgG-total-ELISA-BEST» kit. A sequential 3-step algorithm presented by the article's authors can be used by experts of forensic biological units in carrying out quantitative ELISA to reveal possible errors that could invalidate the obtained results.</p>","PeriodicalId":35704,"journal":{"name":"Sudebno-Meditsinskaya Ekspertisa","volume":"68 1","pages":"38-42"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143524686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Ustinov Porphyriy Vasilyevich - founder of forensic medicine of the Middle Urals]. 乌斯季诺夫·波菲利·瓦西里耶维奇——中乌拉尔地区法医学的创始人。
Sudebno-Meditsinskaya Ekspertisa Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.17116/sudmed20256802163
N V Permyakova
{"title":"[Ustinov Porphyriy Vasilyevich - founder of forensic medicine of the Middle Urals].","authors":"N V Permyakova","doi":"10.17116/sudmed20256802163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17116/sudmed20256802163","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The history of formation and organization of the department of forensic medicine and development of forensic medical activity in the Urals remain to date poorly explored, there are no scientific studies in this direction. The article presents the biography of professor Ustinov Porphyriy Vasilyevich, the founder of the department of forensic medicine at the Sverdlovsk State Medical Institute, who headed it from 1935 to 1971. Professor was a leading forensic scientist who stood at the origins of domestic forensic science.</p>","PeriodicalId":35704,"journal":{"name":"Sudebno-Meditsinskaya Ekspertisa","volume":"68 2","pages":"63-68"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144062712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[On the publication of the manual on forensic medical histology]. [关于出版《法医组织学手册》]。
Sudebno-Meditsinskaya Ekspertisa Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.17116/sudmed20256806159
V P Konev, E K Emelyanova, S N Moskovsky
{"title":"[On the publication of the manual on forensic medical histology].","authors":"V P Konev, E K Emelyanova, S N Moskovsky","doi":"10.17116/sudmed20256806159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17116/sudmed20256806159","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Forensic histological studies cover a wide range of scientific and practical tasks: from the time of occurrence of damage and the properties of the damaging factor to the verification of the cause and genesis of death in somatic pathology, traumatic and burn disease. The subject of forensic histology includes a variety of changes in bacterial and viral infections, including in children. The professional level of forensic histological examinations depends on the quality of methodological recommendations and specialized forensic literature. These include the manual Forensic Histology, published in St. Petersburg in 2024.</p>","PeriodicalId":35704,"journal":{"name":"Sudebno-Meditsinskaya Ekspertisa","volume":"68 6","pages":"59-62"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145811399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Assessment of the impact of fingerprint reagents and exposure time on DNA integrity in biological traces]. [评价指纹试剂和暴露时间对生物痕迹中DNA完整性的影响]。
Sudebno-Meditsinskaya Ekspertisa Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.17116/sudmed20256806131
A V Mamikonyan, L A Chplakhyan
{"title":"[Assessment of the impact of fingerprint reagents and exposure time on DNA integrity in biological traces].","authors":"A V Mamikonyan, L A Chplakhyan","doi":"10.17116/sudmed20256806131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17116/sudmed20256806131","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The article addresses the issue of the preservation of biological traces of various origins (saliva, blood, sweat) over time in the context of the application of dactyloscopic methods. It is emphasized that both fingerprint identification and DNA analysis extracted from traces play a key role in forensic investigations. Particular attention is given to the evaluation of the effectiveness and compatibility of various chemical visualization methods for latent fingerprints with subsequent STR profiling. Comparative data are presented on the impact of reagents on the preservation of genetic material, and practical recommendations are discussed for selecting optimal conditions to integrate dactyloscopic and molecular genetic analyses. As a research objective, an analysis was conducted of the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of DNA extracted from biological samples treated with various chemical reagents used in dactyloscopy. The purpose of the research is to determine the optimal time interval after processing during which DNA remains suitable for genetic analysis. The necessity of a comprehensive approach is substantiated, involving the studying of the condition of biological traces before and after chemical treatment, as well as the monitoring of changes over time. The results obtained may contribute to the development of effective methodological approaches for conducting forensic genetic and dactyloscopic expertises, as well as to enhancing the reliability and validity of expert conclusions.</p>","PeriodicalId":35704,"journal":{"name":"Sudebno-Meditsinskaya Ekspertisa","volume":"68 6","pages":"31-37"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145811474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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