Sudebno-Meditsinskaya Ekspertisa最新文献

{"title":"[Features of forensic medical examination in the study of stab wounds in exhumed corpses (experimental study)].","authors":"K O Kuznetsov, E M Kildyushov, A A Khalikov","doi":"10.17116/sudmed20266901130","DOIUrl":"10.17116/sudmed20266901130","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To assess the morphological changes in stab wounds of the skin of a corpse at various periods of the musculoskeletal flap in the ground, as well as their suitability for identifying a traumatic object.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Skin and muscle flaps (188) with wounds were used as an experimental model. Stab wounds were examined both visually and under a microscope with photo and video fixation function (Discovery Artisan 128 20-500×).</p><p><strong>Results and conclusion: </strong>The results showed that the morphological properties of stab wounds of the skin, which were immersed in the ground at a temperature of +13-15 °C and the pH of the earth 9.0, vary depending on the duration of the corpse's stay in the ground. Identification capabilities for determining the instrument of injury from stab wounds of the skin that have been exposed to the earth depend on the duration of the corpse's stay in the ground. After 7 days of finding a corpse in the ground, individual signs of stab wounds disappear; after 14 days, group signs change; the presence of a corpse in the ground for 30 days leads to their complete disappearance; the presence of a corpse in the ground for 50 days leads to the complete disappearance of species signs.</p>","PeriodicalId":35704,"journal":{"name":"Sudebno-Meditsinskaya Ekspertisa","volume":"69 1","pages":"30-34"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147285328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Chemical forensic analysis of medicinal tablets discovered during excavations of an ancient burial].","authors":"A N Prihodko, D Yu Svetlolobov, S V Shigeev, P V Pinchuk, E V Vdovchenkov, N I Shishlina","doi":"10.17116/sudmed20266903129","DOIUrl":"10.17116/sudmed20266903129","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article presents the results of a chemical forensic analysis of medicinal tablets discovered during the archaeological excavation of an ancient burial site in the Rostov region. The aim of the study was to determine the chemical composition of the tablets using a comprehensive set of analytical methods, including high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HPLC-TOF-MS), infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). An additional objective was to develop a methodological framework for the forensic chemical examination of similar archaeological specimens. Three types of tablets were analyzed. The study outlines sample preparation protocols for each method, analytical conditions, and the results obtained. Morphine, papaverine, and noscapine - alkaloids of the opium poppy (Papaver somniferum and related species) were identified in all examined samples, along with nicotine. Furthermore, the molecular and elemental composition of one tablet was found to correspond to lead oxychloride (mendipite), a naturally occurring mineral. This investigation represents a unique contribution to forensic medical science and archaeology, as no comparable studies have been previously conducted.</p>","PeriodicalId":35704,"journal":{"name":"Sudebno-Meditsinskaya Ekspertisa","volume":"69 3","pages":"29-34"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147989409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Development of forensic toxicology at the department of forensic medicine and jurisprudence of Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University (Pavlov University) of St. Petersburg (to the 125th anniversary of the department)].","authors":"V L Popov, G N Zaraf'iants, A S Mosoian, E S Mordanova","doi":"10.17116/sudmed20266904110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17116/sudmed20266904110","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The article is devoted to one of the current methodological problems of forensic medicine - the substantiation of the stages of development of domestic forensic medical toxicology, by evaluating the results of research work of the Department of Forensic Medicine of the First Leningrad Medical Institute (I LMI), the First Saint Petersburg State Medical University. Acad. I.P. Pavlov (SPbSMU) over the past 125 years: I stage - from the establishment of the University to the middle of the 20^th century, II stage - 60-80s of the 20^th century, III stage - the end of the 20^th and the beginning of the 21^st centuries.</p>","PeriodicalId":35704,"journal":{"name":"Sudebno-Meditsinskaya Ekspertisa","volume":"69 4","pages":"10-13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148680318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[The role of magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis of diffuse axonal injury].","authors":"K A Popova, E M Kildyushov, E V Tumanov","doi":"10.17116/sudmed20266905142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17116/sudmed20266905142","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of a combination of MRI sequences - SWI (susceptibility-weighted imaging), which is highly sensitive to the haemorrhagic component, and diffusion tensor imaging DTI with assessment of fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) - in the verification of diffuse axonal injury (DAI) following traumatic brain injury (TBI). To establish a correlation between the degree of injury determined by this MRI protocol, the morphological classification of DAI according to J.H. Adams 1989, and the phenomenon of clinico-tomographic dissociation. Based on the obtained data, to develop a standardized MRI protocol for the diagnosis of DAI.</p><p><p>The combined use of SWI and DTI MRI sequences, taking into account optimal time windows, confirms the ability of MRI to reflect the morphological substrate of injury and increases the percentage of DAI verification, thereby resolving the phenomenon of clinico-tomographic dissociation. Based on the identified correlations, a standardised MRI protocol for the diagnosis of DAI was formulated, adapted to the terminology and requirements.</p>","PeriodicalId":35704,"journal":{"name":"Sudebno-Meditsinskaya Ekspertisa","volume":"69 5","pages":"42-48"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149040983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Features of forensic medical examination in aesthetic dentistry].","authors":"S N Andreeva, S V Shigeev","doi":"10.17116/sudmed20266905119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17116/sudmed20266905119","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The purpose of the work is to study the features of objective assessment of the morpho-functional parameters of teeth and dentition in forensic medical examinations in cases related to aesthetic dental treatment based on the materials of officially published court cases from 2013 to 2024. An analysis of 1005 court cases involving the infliction of harm to health during orthopedic dental treatment using fixed orthopedic structures revealed a significant increase in the number of expert examinations of the results of «aesthetic» dental treatment. In the period from 2013 to 2017, the share of examinations for prosthetics using veneers and lumenirs was 1.8% of all examinations, and in the period from 2020 to 2024, this share increased to 8.9% of all studies on this topic. The study identified specific features of forensic dental examinations related to the subjective perception of beauty and the possibility of patients exaggerating their symptoms.</p>","PeriodicalId":35704,"journal":{"name":"Sudebno-Meditsinskaya Ekspertisa","volume":"69 5","pages":"19-23"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149040826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[The effect of acute heat injury on the morphological features of the cardio-pulmonary system].","authors":"T V Pavlova, L A Pavlova","doi":"10.17116/sudmed20266904129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17116/sudmed20266904129","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Acute heat injury is one of the main triggers among exogenous factors affecting human vital functions and survival, especially in a changing climate. Despite this, the processes occurring in the human body during acute overheating remain insufficiently studied. The effects of heat exposure on the heart and lungs have been studied in experimental animals.</p>","PeriodicalId":35704,"journal":{"name":"Sudebno-Meditsinskaya Ekspertisa","volume":"69 4","pages":"29-33"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148680243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[On the forensic medical significance of cadaveric imbibition around subcutaneous veins in cases of death from general hypothermia].","authors":"A Yu Chudakov, I A Tolmachev, V V Gaivoronskaya","doi":"10.17116/sudmed20266905149","DOIUrl":"10.17116/sudmed20266905149","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study focuses on an important aspect of forensic medical diagnostics: the identification and interpretation of tissue discoloration around subcutaneous veins that occurs during general hypothermia. We delve into the morphological manifestations of this phenomenon, its mechanisms of development, and its role in differential diagnosis. We particularly emphasize how this feature helps to establish the fact and extent of low-temperature exposure on the body, as well as to rule out other possible causes of death. Drawing on the analysis of scientific literature and our own practical experience, we assess the reliability and boundaries of applicability of this diagnostic criterion. The main objective of our work is to comprehensively analyze the forensic significance of this staining in cases of death from hypothermia, determine its informational value, and its place in the complex of diagnostic methods.</p>","PeriodicalId":35704,"journal":{"name":"Sudebno-Meditsinskaya Ekspertisa","volume":"69 5","pages":"49-55"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149040926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Study of the possibility of isolating atazanavir from biological fluids for the purpose of chemical-toxicological analysis].","authors":"E A Illarionova, V A Zherbakova, N V Chmelevskaya","doi":"10.17116/sudmed20266902132","DOIUrl":"10.17116/sudmed20266902132","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The article presents the results of developing optimal conditions for extracting atazanavir using liquid-liquid extraction from physiological fluids (urine, saliva, and blood plasma), as well as identifying and quantifying this substance in extracts using thin-layer chromatography, UV spectrophotometry, and high-performance liquid chromatography.</p>","PeriodicalId":35704,"journal":{"name":"Sudebno-Meditsinskaya Ekspertisa","volume":"69 2","pages":"32-36"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147700308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Macro- and microscopic characteristics of the intramyocardial course of the coronary arterie].","authors":"O S Lavrukova, I G Pashkova, A M Kobzev, I D Shustrov","doi":"10.17116/sudmed2026690214","DOIUrl":"10.17116/sudmed2026690214","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To establish patterns of macro- and microscopic anatomy and topography of myocardial bridges over the coronary arteries and their branches according to coronary angiography data and on preparations of hearts of adults of both sexes.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>An observational, retrospective, non-randomized study was conducted. The frequency of myocardial bridges over the coronary arteries and their branches was studied according to the data of retrospective analysis of the results of coronary angiography (1986 protocols), morphological study was performed on 30 isolated preparations of the hearts of adults of both sexes (18 women and 12 men) aged from 31 to 99 years (median 70). The trunks of the right and left coronary arteries and their branches were isolated by the method of dissection. The presence of myocardial bridges over the branches of the coronary arteries was detected, their length and the thickness of the myocardium over the branches of the arteries were recorded. A histological examination of the heart areas with detected myocardial bridges was performed. It was found that the frequency of detection of myocardial bridges during coronary angiography is significantly lower than their occurrence during autopsy.</p><p><strong>Results and conclusion: </strong>The presence of myocardial bridges in the right coronary artery system may correlate with its presence in the left coronary artery system and other abnormalities in heart development. Myocardial bridges are more common in men and are mainly localized in the middle third of the anterior interventricular branch of the left coronary artery. Isolated myocardial bridges are more common. The length of myocardial bridges on average ranges from 9.2 to 22.3 mm, the thickness - from 0.2 to 3 mm. A relationship has been found between the length of the bridges and the dimensions of the ventricular complex of the heart. The intramural segment of the coronary artery is usually completely immersed in the myocardium, but sometimes a semi-tunnel passage occurs, in which the coronary artery is covered by myocardium by 2/3 or 3/4 of the circumference of its cross-section. In all sections of the coronary arteries of the heart, regardless of their location in relation to the myocardial bridge, there was atherosclerotic lesion of the coronary artery of varying degrees of severity.</p>","PeriodicalId":35704,"journal":{"name":"Sudebno-Meditsinskaya Ekspertisa","volume":"69 2","pages":"4-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147700184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Microscopic assessment of cerebral edema in fatal traumatic brain injury during the first hour of the post-traumatic period].","authors":"E M Koludarova, E S Tuchik","doi":"10.17116/sudmed20266901126","DOIUrl":"10.17116/sudmed20266901126","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To study the diagnostic histological signs of cerebral edema in traumatic brain injury (TBI) in the post-traumatic period up to 1 hour.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>A retrospective analysis of archival materials from forensic medical examinations was conducted, and brain fragments from corpses of people who died from TBI within 1 hour after the injury were examined using the IHC method.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The revealed histological changes represent a set of signs of traumatic vascular injury, blood-brain barrier, neurons, astrocytes and their irreversible changes in the foci of traumatic hemorrhages. The presence of cytotoxic (swelling of cells) in the penumbra area with initial symptoms of vasogenic edema cannot be considered as a morphological substrate of cerebral edema, determining the immediate cause of death.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>To determine the cause of death, it is necessary to conduct a targeted study of the brain to search for traumatic hemorrhages in vital brain centers and irreversible changes in them, using modern original methods of sectional examination.</p>","PeriodicalId":35704,"journal":{"name":"Sudebno-Meditsinskaya Ekspertisa","volume":"69 1","pages":"26-29"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147285376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}