Sudebno-Meditsinskaya Ekspertisa最新文献

{"title":"[Forensic assessment of birth trauma in a full-term newborn: a case report].","authors":"E Yu Gorun, S L Parilov, A A Halikov, A V Maksimov","doi":"10.17116/sudmed20256806143","DOIUrl":"10.17116/sudmed20256806143","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The article describes a forensic medical examination of combined birth craniocerebral trauma in a full-term newborn, with a double, tight umbilical cord entanglement around the neck. The manifestations of the injuries in this case were: craniocerebral and spinal injuries, a fracture of the left clavicle. The connection between the injury and the use of an obstetric remedy - removal/cutting of the umbilical cord loops from the fetus's neck - has been proven.</p>","PeriodicalId":35704,"journal":{"name":"Sudebno-Meditsinskaya Ekspertisa","volume":"68 6","pages":"43-46"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145811484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Fatal non-thrombotic pulmonary embolism in penis enlargement with injections of hyaluronic acid-based drugs].","authors":"S V Shigeev, Yu E Morozov, D V Gornostaev, O A Uspekhova","doi":"10.17116/sudmed20256801159","DOIUrl":"10.17116/sudmed20256801159","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hyaluronic acid is widely used as an injectable dermal filler in medicine, especially in plastic surgery and cosmetology, due to its biocompatibility and non-immunogenicity. However, these manipulations can cause complications, the most threatening of which is non-thrombotic pulmonary embolism. The article presents a not previously described case of this complication development in a 56-year-old man who underwent penis enlargement with unknown hyaluronic acid-based drug. He complained of general health problems, shortness of breath, sweating, weakness, nausea, tremor in the limbs, and had to seek medical attention on the day of intervention. The patient died next morning. A post-injection damage on the glans penis has been revealed in forensic autopsy, a large accumulation of foreign substance with jelly-like consistency has been found in the area of the root of penis, that was confirmed by histological study. The gel has been also found in the lumina of numerous vessels of the lung of different diameter. Spectrographic analysis established the uniformity of foreign substance from the soft tissues of the root of penis and lung vessels, and also allowed to identify it as hyaluronic acid or hyaluronic acid sodium salt. The objective of this article is to inform a wide forensic audience about the possibility of developing fatal non-thrombotic pulmonary embolism associated with hyaluronic acid injections.</p>","PeriodicalId":35704,"journal":{"name":"Sudebno-Meditsinskaya Ekspertisa","volume":"68 1","pages":"59-62"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143524749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Sudden infant death syndrome: diagnostic problems, study algorithm].","authors":"S N Moskovsky, E K Emelyanova, D V Listkova","doi":"10.17116/sudmed2025680215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17116/sudmed2025680215","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>«Sudden infant death syndrome» (SIDS) term unifies cases of non-violent, unexpectedly occurred death of a child under one year of age in the absence of objective data explaining the causes of death, history of disease and postmortem examination.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To identify the diagnostic criteria allowing to determine the immediate cause of death in SIDS.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>We analyzed data on 64 cases of sudden deaths of infants under 1 year of age between 2016 and 2023. All cases of sudden death) were subjected to forensic medical examination arbitrarily for the purpose of excluding violent cause of death (trauma, poisoning). Judicial committee workers requested and preliminarily studied in detail the medical records. Standards of forensic medical examination, established by regulatory order (federal laws and orders) were applied in the corpse's examination. Exclusion group included cases with confirmed chronic or congenital diseases, as well as cases of violent deaths.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The use of an established postmortem examination algorithm and an international standardized autopsy protocol significantly increases the number of identified causes of death, while reducing the frequency of SIDS diagnoses, that in turn allows to improve the quality of health care system work worldwide.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>It is necessary to develop and implement analogue of used abroad algorithm in the practice of domestic forensic medical experts and pathologists, that will allow to reveal the most frequent causes of death of children, draw attention of medical staff to them and, as a consequence, improve the quality of life-time diagnosis and contribute to the reduction of infant mortality.</p>","PeriodicalId":35704,"journal":{"name":"Sudebno-Meditsinskaya Ekspertisa","volume":"68 2","pages":"5-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144019157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Determination of tissular and species membership of hyaline cartilage microparticles by forensic cytology and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay methods].","authors":"A A Gusarov, V L Sidorov, N E Surikova, O D Yagmurov","doi":"10.17116/sudmed20256802121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17116/sudmed20256802121","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The article presents the results of hyaline cartilage microparticles study by forensic cytology and quantitative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Hyaline cartilage cells' polymorphism was demonstrated as a result of the performed forensic cytological study. The high sensitivity of method was confirmed, the indicators of optic density and total IgG concentration were determined, as well as the optimal values of minimal and maximal calibration samples were identified using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The obtained data can be used by experts of forensic units when determining tissular and species membership of hyaline cartilage microparticles by forensic cytology and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay methods.</p>","PeriodicalId":35704,"journal":{"name":"Sudebno-Meditsinskaya Ekspertisa","volume":"68 2","pages":"21-24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143989467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Method of linear calibration function control according to GOST R ISO 11095-2007 for measuring the mass concentration of ethanol].","authors":"M S Zatyamina, L A Smirnova, O V Ostrovskij, D V Kuznetsov","doi":"10.17116/sudmed20256801143","DOIUrl":"10.17116/sudmed20256801143","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Implementation of the control method to validate previously obtained calibration functions according to GOST R ISO 11095-2007 using Reference Materials (RM): standard RMs - aqueous solutions of ethanol, produced and certified by the organization, and internal RMs - aqueous solutions of ethanol in different concentrations, developed by the user for internal use.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>We applied the control method in accordance with the National Standard of the Russian Federation GOST R ISO 11095-2007 using the standard and internal RMs - aqueous ethanol solutions in different concentrations. Measurements were performed for two subranges of ethanol concentrations on standard and internal RMs in accordance with the certified method.</p><p><strong>Results and conclusion: </strong>Control charts based on experimental data confirmed that the system was in a controlled state, and the calibration function required no updates on Day 7. No studied values fell outside the upper and lower control limits on the control charts. The uncertainty of the transformed values was assessed during the calibration function validation.</p>","PeriodicalId":35704,"journal":{"name":"Sudebno-Meditsinskaya Ekspertisa","volume":"68 1","pages":"43-49"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143524683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Uncharacteristic soft tissue injuries detectable in cases of death from general accidental hypothermia].","authors":"A Yu Chudakov, I A Tolmachev, A A Kuznetsova","doi":"10.17116/sudmed20256803120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17116/sudmed20256803120","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>General accidental hypothermia, which leads to death, is a complex problem, the scale of which is significantly underestimated. Statistics on mortality from general deep hypothermia are underreported because the diagnosis is often established after the fact, especially if death occurs in conditions complicating the body discovery or the cause of death determination. Many cases of death, erroneously classified as cardiovascular diseases or other causes, may actually be the result of long-term exposure to cold. In such situations, especially in remote areas or in the absence of proper forensic examination, the true cause of death may remain unknown.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To describe the local signs of human death from hypothermia.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>In order to establish additional local signs of death from hypothermia, the findings of forensic experts and personal observations on the corpses of people who died from hypothermia on land (150 observations) were analyzed, as well as the personal photo archives of A.Yu. Chudakov.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The article describes uncharacteristic but very common soft tissue injuries for death from general hypothermia, including bite wounds of the fingers, abrasions, minor wounds on the back of the hands and fingers, detached nails from terminal self-digging, linear stripe-like abrasions on the face, wounds and bruises on the face and head, areas of the elbow and knee joints, which may indicate events that occurred in the terminal phase and some other data.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Diagnosis of death from hypothermia requires a comprehensive approach, including inspection of the accident site (place of the corpse's discovery), analysis of history, external examination, forensic investigation, histological examination, as well as toxicological and other laboratory tests. Only a comprehensive analysis of all the data allows to establish the exact cause of death and exclude other factors. The mechanisms of human behavior in cooling are complex and require further research, including the study of neurochemical processes occurring in the brain under critical hypothermia.</p>","PeriodicalId":35704,"journal":{"name":"Sudebno-Meditsinskaya Ekspertisa","volume":"68 3","pages":"20-27"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144327088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Analysis of publications on the history of forensic medicine in the «Forensic medical expertise» journal (1958-2023)].","authors":"N V Permyakova, O B Dolgova","doi":"10.17116/sudmed20256804155","DOIUrl":"10.17116/sudmed20256804155","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The article presents the study results of publications on the history of forensic medicine in the Forensic Medical Expertise journal for the 1958-2023. The data on the number of publications for the entire specified period are presented, the author's composition and their publication activities have been analyzed. The analysis of publications with classification by the same type of directionality was carried out, the most common thematic units are highlighted. The analysis of scientific texts was done in three directions: historical personality and her contribution to the development of forensic medicine, the history of the departments of forensic medicine and scientific schools, historical discoveries and events, the history of the formation of forensic medical services in Russia at various stages.</p>","PeriodicalId":35704,"journal":{"name":"Sudebno-Meditsinskaya Ekspertisa","volume":"68 4","pages":"55-59"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145030918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[A rare case of rhabdomyolysis due to heatstroke in an athlete].","authors":"I O Chizhikova, S V Shigeev, D V Gornostaev, S Yu Romadanovskaya","doi":"10.17116/sudmed20256805147","DOIUrl":"10.17116/sudmed20256805147","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A case from expert practice, namely the death of a young man on the third day of hospitalization after heatstroke at the running competition, is presented. A clinical picture of edema and ischemia of the extremities has been revealed in the patient at admission in coma; myoglobin up to 136 803 μg /l, lactic acidosis, hepatorenal insufficiency according to laboratory test data. In hospitals, hemodiafiltration, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and fasciotomy with striped incisions of the extremities were performed. The patient's condition progressively worsened despite the therapy and he died on the third day. Signs of cerebral edema, foci of myocyte necrosis in the muscles of the extremities, excretory nephrosis, and signs of hemorheological disorder have been revealed in forensic medical examination. Thus, the patient with hyperthermia on exertion developed rhabdomyolysis resulting in acute renal failure and cerebral edema. A factor that could influence the development of irreversible complications, namely hypersthenic type of constitution and overweight (BMI=28 kg/m²), has been established in a detailed study. This observation shows that a morphological examination of the muscles, a histological examination of the kidneys and a biochemical determination of myoglobinemia and myoglobinuria are important in case of death during physical exertion. Metabolic status and weather conditions should be considered in athletes' preparation for competition, as well as rational nutrition and hydration should be ensured to reduce the risk of mortality among sport fans.</p>","PeriodicalId":35704,"journal":{"name":"Sudebno-Meditsinskaya Ekspertisa","volume":"68 5","pages":"47-52"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145410133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Identification of additional diagnostic signs of gas-detonation wounds of the lower extremities in blast trauma using the immunohistochemistry method].","authors":"D V Bogomolov, A A Gusarov, M N Nagornov, P G Dzhuvaljakov, A P Burikova, V A Putincev","doi":"10.17116/sudmed20256806138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17116/sudmed20256806138","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To study pathohistological changes and evaluate the intensity of the immunohistochemical (IHC) reaction in soft tissues in explosive gas-detonation wounds of the lower extremities along the conditional zones within the topographic-anatomical levels of damage.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Biological material from 16 corpses of individuals (men aged 25-36 years) who died from explosive trauma with gas-detonation damage to the lower extremities was examined using forensic histology and ICG research methods.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The pathohistological picture of soft tissue damage to the lower extremities resulting from gas-detonation exposure during explosive trauma was clarified and supplemented; additional diagnostic signs (markers) of vitality and soft tissue reaction were identified over the conditional zones within the topographic and anatomical levels of damage using the IHC method.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The obtained data can be used in the practice of forensic medical examination in identifying and substantiating diagnostic signs of gas-detonation wounds of the lower extremities.</p>","PeriodicalId":35704,"journal":{"name":"Sudebno-Meditsinskaya Ekspertisa","volume":"68 6","pages":"38-42"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145811445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Features of chemical and toxicological study of 1,4-dihydropyridine derivatives].","authors":"L L Kvachakhiya, V K Shormanov, V V Karnaukhova","doi":"10.17116/sudmed20256802137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17116/sudmed20256802137","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate the features of 1.4-dihydropyridine derivatives' determination in biological material in chemical and toxicological studies.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Liquid-liquid extraction, semi-preparative column chromatography, thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and gas chromatography with mass spectrometric detection (GC-MS) were used as analysis methods.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>It has been established that extraction of 1.4-dihydropyridine derivatives from biomaterial is most appropriate to be carried out by consecutive (by 30 min) infusion with two portions of acetone-acetonitrile (7.5:2.5) mixture at a mass ratio of the extracting liquid and bioactive matrix equal 2:1. The optimum regimen of 1.4-dihydropyridine derivatives chromatography in C-18 «Silasorb» sorbent column using acetonitrile-aqua (7:3) eluant was determined, that was realized in combined purification including the extraction with ethyl acetate from aqua-acetonitrile medium and column chromatography of analytes. Butanol-acetone (5:5) eluant may be used to identify analytes by TLC method («Sorbfil» plates). Additionally, the identification of 1.4-dihydropyridine derivatives can be performed using GC-MS (HP-5 ms Ultra inert (30 000×0.25 mm) column, immobilized phase is 5% phenyl-95% dimethylpolysiloxane, mobile phase is helium by characteristic retention time and ion sets in the analytes' mass-spectra. The same method was used for quantitative determination of studied compounds. Methods for the determination of amlodipine, nifedipine, nimodipine and felodipine were developed by GC-MS method in biomatrix model (liver tissue), that showed suitability to validation requirements by a number of key criteria. The maximum detectable and quantitatively determinable content levels of studied substances in biomatrix did not exceed 0.04-0.14 and 0.08-0.24 mg/g, respectively.</p>","PeriodicalId":35704,"journal":{"name":"Sudebno-Meditsinskaya Ekspertisa","volume":"68 2","pages":"37-44"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144054101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}