Sudebno-Meditsinskaya Ekspertisa最新文献

{"title":"[Assessment of impedancemetric characteristics of cadet tissues depending on the number of accumulated degree-days].","authors":"O S Lavrukova, E L Kazakova, V L Popov, N G Panov","doi":"10.17116/sudmed20266904143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17116/sudmed20266904143","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Analysis and comparison of impedance parameters of cadaveric tissues and their dynamics depending on the number of accumulated degree-days. Materials and methods: the experiment was carried out on model objects - pig cadavers (skin flap, cartilage, tendon) under two conditions: standardized (+4 °C, humidity around 40%, condition I) and natural biocenosis (average temperature around +18.5 °C, condition II). The impedance modulus and phase shift angle <i>θ</i> were measured at five frequencies f (100 Hz, 120 Hz, 1 kHz, 10 kHz, 100 kHz) at different times of the postmortem interval; a Keysight U1733 device was used. Various coefficients were calculated for dispersion analysis, and time referencing was carried out by calculating the number of accumulated degree-days. Measurements were also carried out on embalmed anatomical preparations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study demonstrates that calculating accumulated degree-days allows for the reconciliation and quantitative comparison of changes in the impedance characteristics of cadaveric tissues obtained under various environmental conditions. An important result is that similar values of accumulated degree-days (~300 degree-days) correspond to similar qualitative changes in tissues under standardized and natural conditions, and the <i>θ</i>-lgf trend equations for similar values of accumulated degree-days coincide or are close in coefficients.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This confirms the predictive value of calculating the number of accumulated degree-days when interpreting impedance measurements to clarify the duration of the postmortem period and the possibility of extrapolating results obtained under certain temperature conditions to other environmental conditions. However, further research is needed to explore the mechanisms of postmortem biophysics, expand the sample size (including human cadavers), examine the influence of entomological and other factors, and validate the methodology for practical use in forensic practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":35704,"journal":{"name":"Sudebno-Meditsinskaya Ekspertisa","volume":"69 4","pages":"43-47"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148680297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Chemical-toxicological determination of 4-methoxyhydroxybenzene].","authors":"A P Chernova, V K Shormanov, M K Elizarova, M V Shchitova","doi":"10.17116/sudmed20266903135","DOIUrl":"10.17116/sudmed20266903135","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate the features of the chemical and toxicological determination of 4-methoxyhydroxybenzene (4-MOHOB).</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>The methods of the study were TLC, reversed-phase column chromatography of ordinary pressure, GC-MS and HPLC. 4-MOHOB was isolated from liver tissue and blood by infusion with a mixture of ethyl «acetate-acetone» (7:3).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The expediency of eluting the analyte from the Silasorb C18 column (150×10 mm) with the mobile phase of «acetonitrile-water» (4:6) was shown, which in combination with extraction formed the basis for the developed version of purification of 4-MOHOB extracted from biomatrices. The advantages of the «hexane-ether» (6:4) mobile phase in the identification of 4-MOHOB by TLC (Merck plates) were proven. One of the variants of 4-MOGOB identification is based on its extinction properties (UV range; medium - 95% ethanol). GC-MS (mobile phase - helium, stationary phase «5% phenyl-95% methylpolysiloxane» in a column measuring 25 m × 0.2 mm) was used as the main method of confirmatory identification of 4-MOGOB. The mass spectrum of this compound included signals of the following ions (m/z): 38, 53, 65, 81, 109, 124. A 250×4.6 mm Discovery C 18 column and an eluent of «acetonitrile-acid-water solution with a pH of 5.5» (50:50) were proposed for determining 4-MOGOB by HPLC.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The compliance of the developed methods with the key validation parameters was confirmed. The detection limits of 4-MOHOB in 100 g of organ (liver) and blood are 0.08 and 0.06 mg, respectively, the limits of quantitative determination are 0.14 and 0.10 mg.</p>","PeriodicalId":35704,"journal":{"name":"Sudebno-Meditsinskaya Ekspertisa","volume":"69 3","pages":"35-41"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147989383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Optimized approach to the study of the dentoalveolar apparatus in forensic identification].","authors":"V N Zvyagin, J N Gordeeva","doi":"10.17116/sudmed20266903115","DOIUrl":"10.17116/sudmed20266903115","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The purpose of the work is to draw parallels between lifetime and posthumous studies of the dentoalveolar apparatus during the forensic examination of personal identification. The material obtained during life on the state of the dentoalveolar system, both in aggregate and separately, is valuable for comparative analysis with bone objects of the jaws delivered for medical and forensic examination. The relevance of the study is associated with increasing cases of terrorism, hostilities, mass graves, natural disasters, when conducting a genetic study of cadaveric material presents certain difficulties (burning objects, significant putrefactive changes, insufficient amount of the studied material, etc.). In this regard, an optimized algorithm for the study of the periodontal complex is proposed.</p>","PeriodicalId":35704,"journal":{"name":"Sudebno-Meditsinskaya Ekspertisa","volume":"69 3","pages":"15-19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147989473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Determination of the organ and species of lung tissue microparticles using forensic cytology and quantitative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay].","authors":"A A Gusarov, V L Sidorov, N E Surikova, O D Yagmurov, M N Nagornov","doi":"10.17116/sudmed20266901147","DOIUrl":"10.17116/sudmed20266901147","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To determine the species belonging of lung tissue microparticles by total IgG using a quantitative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using the «IgG-total-ELISA-CHEMA» kit and to demonstrate the polymorphism of type I and II alveolocytes.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Microparticles of lung tissue taken from corpses were studied. The study of these samples was carried out using the forensic cytological method and the method of quantitative enzyme immunoassay using the «IgG-general-ELISA-CHEMA» test kit.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The possibility of studying microparticles of lung tissue using ELISA has been established, optical density and total IgG concentrations have been determined, and optimal values for minimum and maximum calibration samples have been selected. Using the cytological method, the polymorphism of alveolocytes stained with fluorochromes and a neutral dye was demonstrated.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The data from the conducted high-tech research can be used to establish the species identity of microparticles of lung tissue found on instruments of injury.</p>","PeriodicalId":35704,"journal":{"name":"Sudebno-Meditsinskaya Ekspertisa","volume":"69 1","pages":"47-51"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147285391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[The relevance of changing the algorithm of commission forensic examinations in aesthetic plastic surgery].","authors":"I V Pletyanova, I Yu Makarov, L A Shmarov","doi":"10.17116/sudmed2026690115","DOIUrl":"10.17116/sudmed2026690115","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The purpose of the work is to study, evaluate and analyze commission forensic medical examinations based on civil case materials after 2011, examining the nature of the questions and answers posed to experts, and comparing the results obtained with data from previous studies. Previously unknown groups of disadvantages of medical care were identified: technical disadvantages during surgical intervention (47%), improper patient information (50.1%), disadvantages characterizing \"illegal\" plastic surgery - the use of medical devices without appropriate permission (3.9%), the provision of medical care in the wrong place and by the wrong person (5.9%). A change in the causes of civil lawsuits was noted - in 63.2% it was dissatisfaction with the aesthetic results of the operation. A change in the nature of the issues put before the expert commissions has been revealed. An analysis of the expert application of the existing algorithm for conducting examinations in civil cases related to aesthetic plastic surgery has shown that it is impossible to apply such an algorithm at the present stage according to the most significant criteria. The necessity of changing the algorithm of commission forensic medical examinations in aesthetic plastic surgery is substantiated, adapting it to modern judicial and expert practice, to the current norms of law in healthcare.</p>","PeriodicalId":35704,"journal":{"name":"Sudebno-Meditsinskaya Ekspertisa","volume":"69 1","pages":"5-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147285425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Electron microscopic characterization of hair damage caused by objects of varying severity].","authors":"S V Leonov, P V Pinchuk, A I Sakharov","doi":"10.17116/sudmed20266905128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17116/sudmed20266905128","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The article presents a method for hair examination using an electronic scanning microscope Hitachi FlexSem¹⁰⁰⁰ II (Japan) and describes sample preparation method. As part of the experimental study, damage was caused by blades with varying degrees of bluntness: sharp (up to 2-25 microns), medium sharp (up to 26-40 microns), blunt (up to 41-50 microns) and severely blunt (over 51-60 microns). According to the results of the research, specific signs characteristic of each sharpness level of the traumatic object have been established, which is illustrated by microphotographs. A subgroup of ideally sharp objects with a sharpness of 1-3 microns has been identified, which form a rather specific morphological picture of the cut. It differs from other sharp objects, and an algorithm for determining the level of sharpness of the trace-forming object has been developed.</p>","PeriodicalId":35704,"journal":{"name":"Sudebno-Meditsinskaya Ekspertisa","volume":"69 5","pages":"28-31"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149040823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Forensic aspects of rigor mortis at death from general hypothermia].","authors":"A Yu Chudakov, I A Tolmachev, V V Gaivoronskaya","doi":"10.17116/sudmed20266901162","DOIUrl":"10.17116/sudmed20266901162","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Forensic doctors, pathologists and pathophysiologists have long been arguing about the time of the appearance and development of rigor mortis (postmortem contracture of muscle tissue) at death from general hypothermia. There are many theories of the causes and mechanisms of the development of rigor mortis, concepts about the time of its appearance, judgments about the intensity and duration. It is believed that the time of onset, intensity and duration of rigor mortis in the muscles should be influenced by the initial content of muscle glycogen at the time of death. There are a number of opinions about the effect of temperature, glaciation and thawing on the rate and severity of rigor mortis, and the possibility of very slow and very rapid development of rigor mortis upon death from general hypothermia.</p>","PeriodicalId":35704,"journal":{"name":"Sudebno-Meditsinskaya Ekspertisa","volume":"69 1","pages":"62-71"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147285370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Expert analysis of medical care in obstetric practice, based on articles published in peer-reviewed journals over a 20-year period (2005-2024), Part I - Journal of Sudebno-meditsinskaya ekspertiza].","authors":"V A Koryakina, O D Yagmurov, V A Fetisov, V A Pechenikova","doi":"10.17116/sudmed20266903142","DOIUrl":"10.17116/sudmed20266903142","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A scientometric analysis of 3166 publications in the journals of the peer-reviewed Higher Attestation Commission on forensic medicine over a 20-year period (2005-2024) was performed using pubmed resources, mediasphera.ru, open sources. A search, sorting, and grouping of articles has been carried out that reflect topical issues of forensic medical assessment of defects (deficiencies) in the provision of medical care with a detailed analysis of publications regarding the inadequate provision of medical care in obstetrics and gynecology.</p>","PeriodicalId":35704,"journal":{"name":"Sudebno-Meditsinskaya Ekspertisa","volume":"69 3","pages":"42-53"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147989425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Establishing the species of myocardial microparticles by human total IgG].","authors":"A A Gusarov, V L Sidorov, N E Surikova, O D Yagmurov, K T Momynaliev","doi":"10.17116/sudmed20266903120","DOIUrl":"10.17116/sudmed20266903120","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Establishing the species origin of microparticles of striated cardiac muscle tissue according to human total IgG by the method of quantitative solid-phase enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using the IgG-total-ELISA-HEMA kit.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Myocardial microparticles taken from the corpses of eight people. The samples were analyzed using the quantitative solid-phase ELISA method using the IgG-total-ELISA-HEMA test kit.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The optical density and concentration of total IgG in whole extracts were determined, and the optimal values of the minimum and maximum calibration samples were obtained: 0.082±0.015-2.581±0.017.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The obtained data can be used by experts of forensic biological units to establish the species affiliation of microparticles of striated cardiac muscle tissue found on trauma tools using the quantitative solid-phase ELISA method for human total IgG.</p>","PeriodicalId":35704,"journal":{"name":"Sudebno-Meditsinskaya Ekspertisa","volume":"69 3","pages":"20-24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147989441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Forensic histological assessment of changes in internal organs in generalized viral infection in infants in the first year of life].","authors":"O V Sokolova, V L Popov","doi":"10.17116/sudmed20266904124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17116/sudmed20266904124","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Forensic histological assessment and analysis of pathomorphological changes in internal organs during generalized viral infection in infants in the first year of life.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>65 forensic medical examinations performed at the Bureau of Forensic Medical Examination from 2012 to 2024; cytological examination of smears-prints stained according to Pavlovsky's method and histological examination of microspore slides of internal organs stained with hematoxylin and eosin and MSB Zerbino staining technique.</p><p><strong>Results and conclusion: </strong>Generalization of the infectious process is an important stage in the course of a viral disease in infants in the first year of life. Generalized viral infection is accompanied by pronounced, deep structural changes in the vascular-stromal and parenchymal components of internal organs, accompanied by severe circulatory disorders in the form of extensive hemorrhages, erythrocyte stasis with sludge phenomenon and clot formation in the microcirculatory bed of internal organs. When conducting forensic medical examinations, a combination of results of the cytological and histological research methods allows us to determine viral lesions of internal organs and to assess the severity and prevalence of pathomorphological changes in internal organs that developed as a result of infectious lesions. The complete forensic histological diagnosis is based on clinical data (if available), results of virological testing and severity of pathomorphological changes that have developed in the internal organs during the generalization of the viral infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":35704,"journal":{"name":"Sudebno-Meditsinskaya Ekspertisa","volume":"69 4","pages":"24-28"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148680278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}