Sudebno-Meditsinskaya Ekspertisa最新文献

{"title":"[Use of archival objects of forensic medical examination (skin flaps) for educational purposes].","authors":"A O Gusentsov, A Yu Krylou, M I Bubenka, N N Yakimenko","doi":"10.17116/sudmed20266903154","DOIUrl":"10.17116/sudmed20266903154","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To develop a method for preparing skin preparations (archival objects of the forensic medical examination) for long-term storage without changing the original type of damage.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Disclosed is a method of fixing skin preparations in epoxy resin with a hardener, involving six successive steps, characterized by availability of required materials and ease of execution. This method was tested on two skin preparations with damages.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Which showed that there were no visual changes in both the objects themselves, the damages present on them, and the fixing substrate for 5 and 3 months.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Skin preparations prepared in accordance with the disclosed method can be used in the educational process to form theoretical knowledge, develop practical skills and skills in analyzing morphological signs of various types of injuries, establishing properties of traumatic objects and evaluating mechanisms of injury formation.</p>","PeriodicalId":35704,"journal":{"name":"Sudebno-Meditsinskaya Ekspertisa","volume":"69 3","pages":"54-57"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147989461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Assessment of iron levels in brain tissue in the context of chronic alcohol intoxication].","authors":"I O Chizhikova, S V Shigeev, Yu V Zorin","doi":"10.17116/sudmed20266902122","DOIUrl":"10.17116/sudmed20266902122","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the possibility of postmortem diagnosis of chronic alcohol intoxication based on the determination of iron concentration in brain structures.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Brain tissue samples from 4 areas (basal ganglia on the left and right, the black substance of the midbrain, and the hippocampus) were taken from 20 deceased individuals (4 women and 16 men) aged 16-96 years. The concentration of iron was determined using optical emission spectroscopy with inductively coupled plasma. The absolute concentrations of iron in the black matter and basal ganglia were additionally weighted by the level of iron concentration in the hippocampus in order to bring them to a common scale. The results were studied in relation to the results of morphological and forensic chemical studies.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The area of the most intensive iron deposition is the black matter, and peak levels of iron concentrations are observed among those who died between the ages of 20 and 44 for the black matter and between 20 and 50 for the basal ganglia. The black matter and basal ganglia have higher concentrations at the age of 50 and older than at the age of 20. It was found that the weighted level of iron deposition in the black substance in deceased individuals with signs of chronic alcohol intoxication was higher than in the control group, and this indicator was resistant to acute and chronic drug intoxication, traumatic brain injury, and certain organic brain lesions and neurodegeneration.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The data obtained show that the level of iron concentration in the black substance of the midbrain, which is weighted by the level of iron concentration in the hippocampus, is more sensitive to the chronic alcohol intoxication. These concentrations are resistant to the presence of traumatic brain injuries of various ages, other organic pathologies, and neurodegenerative diseases. No effect of acute or chronic drug intoxication on the level of iron deposition in the studied brain areas was found.</p>","PeriodicalId":35704,"journal":{"name":"Sudebno-Meditsinskaya Ekspertisa","volume":"69 2","pages":"22-27"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147700158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[About the color of the skin outside the livor mortis marks in cases of death from general hypothermia].","authors":"A Yu Chudakov, I A Tolmachev, V V Gaivoronskaya","doi":"10.17116/sudmed20266902142","DOIUrl":"10.17116/sudmed20266902142","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study examines the phenomenon of focal skin discoloration observed on corpses that died from general hypothermia, outside the areas of classic livor mortis. The authors note that these discolorations are more common in areas with less intense blood flow and less muscle tissue. The severity and number of these discolorations correlate with the intensity and duration of cold exposure, the condition of the clothing, and the degree of alcohol intoxication. A hypothesis on the mechanism of these spots formation is presented, based on the in vivo freezing of blood in superficial vessels with subsequent thawing and local hemolysis, which is consistent with the modern ideas on the pathogenesis of frostbite. It is emphasized that the development of lethal hypothermia is not necessary for the peripheral tissues freezing, in vivo freezing with subsequent primary and secondary hemolysis is possible. The results of macro- and microscopic studies of frozen and non-frozen corpses indicate that the spots have a heterogeneous origin, which is caused by both in-life exposure to cold and direct cryodestruction of cells. These changes are considered to be a type of frostbite. The authors emphasize the high diagnostic significance of detecting multiple deep frostbites not only in typical locations (fingers, ears, and nose), but also in more proximal areas of the body and torso. In combination with the circumstances of the case and other autopsy data, this allows for a high degree of certainty in diagnosing death from general hypothermia. In conclusion, the authors confirm the diagnostic value of the spots described by Keferstein for identifying death from cold, both on frozen and non-frozen corpses, and offer their own interpretation of the mechanism of their formation.</p>","PeriodicalId":35704,"journal":{"name":"Sudebno-Meditsinskaya Ekspertisa","volume":"69 2","pages":"42-50"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147700079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Comparative analysis of the accuracy of determining the postmortem interval by single and dynamic thermometry of a corpse].","authors":"G V Nedugov","doi":"10.17116/sudmed20266901140","DOIUrl":"10.17116/sudmed20266901140","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To compare the accuracy of determining the postmortem interval using the best methods of single and dynamic thermometry of a corpse in the presence of metrological errors and to find ways to increase it for methods of dynamic thermometry of a corpse.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>A controlled comparative analysis of errors in determining the postmortem interval using C. Henssge methods and nonlinear programming was performed for one- and two-hour time intervals between measurements of cadaver temperature. The database of G.S.W. De Saram and co-authors, which contained data from 37 observations of standardized dynamic rectal thermometry, was used as research objects.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results of determining the postmortem interval by dynamic postmortem thermometry due to an increase in the number of temperature measurements are more susceptible to the negative influence of metrological errors than estimates of methods based on single thermometry of a corpse. It is possible to increase the accuracy of dynamic thermometry methods by reducing body temperature measurement errors, increasing the time interval between them and reducing their number.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The results of determining the postmortem interval by postmortem dynamic thermometry due to an increase in the number of temperature measurements are more susceptible to the negative influence of metrological errors than estimates of methods based on single thermometry of a corpse. It is possible to increase the accuracy of dynamic thermometry methods by reducing body temperature measurement errors, increasing the time interval between them and reducing their number.</p>","PeriodicalId":35704,"journal":{"name":"Sudebno-Meditsinskaya Ekspertisa","volume":"69 1","pages":"40-46"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147285383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Dynamics of sudden death rates from diseases of the circulatory system in St. Petersburg in 2007-2021 according to the Bureau of Forensic Medical Examination].","authors":"T V Maksimova, O D Yagmurov, A V Maksimov, Yu V Maksimov, D P Berezovskiy","doi":"10.17116/sudmed20266901111","DOIUrl":"10.17116/sudmed20266901111","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of sudden death in the world. Reducing mortality from this cause is a priority task of the healthcare system. Evaluation of the effectiveness of implemented measures is possible only by analyzing the dynamics of sudden death from cardiovascular diseases in various age groups over a long period of time. The statistical accounting and reporting data of the St. Petersburg State Budgetary Healthcare Institution Bureau of Forensic Medical Examination for 2007-2011, broken down by age groups and gender, are analyzed. There was a tendency to decrease the frequency of SC from CVD in the group of young people, an increase in the number of sectional studies in older age groups was recorded, where SC from CVD is the leading cause of death.</p>","PeriodicalId":35704,"journal":{"name":"Sudebno-Meditsinskaya Ekspertisa","volume":"69 1","pages":"11-15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147285387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Development of a method for laboratory diagnostics of acute oral FLY agaric poisoning by HPLC-MS/MS in urine analysis].","authors":"E A Evdokimova, O L Balabanova, E A Kuznetsova, O Yu Strelova, A N Tursunov","doi":"10.17116/sudmed20266901122","DOIUrl":"10.17116/sudmed20266901122","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To develop a method for laboratory diagnostics of acute poisoning with fly agarics using liquid tandem chromatograph mass spectrometry in urine analysis.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Identification was performed on a Nexera XR liquid chromatograph with an LCMS-8050 tandem mass spectrometer (Shimadzu, Japan) using a Shim-pack FC-ODS column, derivatization was performed by bimolecular dansylation. The object of the study was urine of patients of the Acute Poisoning Center of the State Budgetary Institution Research Institute of Emergency Medicine named after I.I. Dzhanelidze with a diagnosis of «Acute oral poisoning with fly agarics».</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>It was established that urine is a suitable object for chemical-toxicological analysis in case of poisoning with fly agarics by the method of bimolecular dansylation, ion-chromatograms of ibotenic acid and muscimol, as well as a spectrum of ion-products of toxicants were obtained. The peak retention time (RT) for muscimol was 7.5 min, for ibotenic acid 6.25 min.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>As a result of the study, a method for the identification of ibotenic acid and muscimol in urine using dansyl chloride derivatization by HPLC-MS/MS was developed.</p>","PeriodicalId":35704,"journal":{"name":"Sudebno-Meditsinskaya Ekspertisa","volume":"69 1","pages":"22-25"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147285389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Reproducibility of the results of forensic age estimation using radiological method].","authors":"T A Tareeva, N V Narina, N O Narina, G V Zolotenkova","doi":"10.17116/sudmed20266901135","DOIUrl":"10.17116/sudmed20266901135","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>When introducing new methods into practice, in order to improve the quality of medical research, in addition to the generally accepted statistical tools, it is necessary to apply additional ones, one of which is the kappa-Cohen (k). The calculation of the k-coefficient makes it possible to assess the level of agreement between a group of experts or methods, as well as to determine the reliability and validity of the study results.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate inter-expert agreement in age estimation within forensic medical practice using a radiological method.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>A radiologist and forensic medical examiners with varying lengths of professional experience independently assessed 50 radiographic images of the sternum based on 11 morphological criteria.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The inter-expert agreement between the radiologist and the forensic medical examiner with extensive experience (Rg+LE) ranged from 0.61 to 1.00 and was significantly higher than the agreement observed in groups involving a forensic medical examiner with limited experience (Rg+SE; LE+SE).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results of this comparative study lead to the conclusion that in forensic expert practice, the radiological assessment of sternum and costal cartilage ossification processes for age estimation will not be reproducible without more precise verbal and visual definitions of the criteria for the recorded conditions, eliminating ambiguity. Clear gradations of the severity of degenerative-dystrophic changes in bone and cartilage tissue on the studied images will allow for consistent evaluation by experts with different professional experience.</p>","PeriodicalId":35704,"journal":{"name":"Sudebno-Meditsinskaya Ekspertisa","volume":"69 1","pages":"35-39"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147285408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Cranioscopic methods for determining human sex using the skull].","authors":"V L Popov, I V Gaivoronskiy, O M Fandeeva, K V Solovyev, G I Nichiporuk, I G Shirobokov","doi":"10.17116/sudmed20266904134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17116/sudmed20266904134","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aim of this study was to systematize modern craniological methods for determining sex using the skull and evaluate their diagnostic effectiveness, taking into account the introduction of digital technologies and machine learning methods. Classical morphoscopic approaches (V.N. Zvyagin's method, J. Buikstra and D. Ubelaker's diagram), 3D modeling, computed tomography, and machine learning algorithms were considered. A comprehensive approach combining classical methods with modern technologies, taking into account population characteristics, is recommended.</p>","PeriodicalId":35704,"journal":{"name":"Sudebno-Meditsinskaya Ekspertisa","volume":"69 4","pages":"34-38"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148680289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Open fracture: characterization of the concept in the context of determining the severity of harm caused to a person's health].","authors":"I Yu Makarov, L A Shmarov, M V Liadova, A L Kochoyan","doi":"10.17116/sudmed20266902137","DOIUrl":"10.17116/sudmed20266902137","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article analyzes the conceptual definition of the term \"open fracture.\" A review of relevant scientific and forensic medical literature was conducted to clarify the essence and boundaries of this term. The study aims to promote accurate interpretation and consistent application of the definition \"open fracture\" in forensic medical examinations, particularly in assessing the degree of harm to human health.</p>","PeriodicalId":35704,"journal":{"name":"Sudebno-Meditsinskaya Ekspertisa","volume":"69 2","pages":"37-41"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147700321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Peculiarities of recognizing forensic medical examination as inadmissible evidence in civil proceedings].","authors":"A V Kurnitckaia","doi":"10.17116/sudmed20266904156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17116/sudmed20266904156","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The article considers cases of recognition by the court of the Expert Opinion as inadmissible evidence. The reason was the involvement of freelance specialists in civil proceedings by the head of the expert organization in the production of forensic examination without the consent of the court.</p>","PeriodicalId":35704,"journal":{"name":"Sudebno-Meditsinskaya Ekspertisa","volume":"69 4","pages":"56-58"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148680227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}