Sudebno-Meditsinskaya Ekspertisa最新文献

{"title":"[Criminal-legal assessment of causality in violations of medical care committed at different stages].","authors":"Z B Soktoev, V A Spiridonov","doi":"10.17116/sudmed2025680115","DOIUrl":"10.17116/sudmed2025680115","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The authors used a practical example to consider proper criminal-legal assessment of causality in multiple violations committed by different doctors at different stages of providing medical care. The consideration utilized the dialectical methods of cognition, analysis, generalization, systems approach, methods of induction, deduction, comparison, statistics, and special legal methods.</p>","PeriodicalId":35704,"journal":{"name":"Sudebno-Meditsinskaya Ekspertisa","volume":"68 1","pages":"5-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143524621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[About compliance with the real conditions of adopted forensic models of the victim's fall from standing position on the back].","authors":"E V Tumanov, E M Kildyushov, I A Tolmachev, S V Karlov","doi":"10.17116/sudmed20256801150","DOIUrl":"10.17116/sudmed20256801150","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The article considers adopted forensic models of the victim's fall from standing position on the back and their adequacy to the real conditions. A frame-by-frame analysis of 250 video recordings of cases of victims' falls from standing position on the back - both spontaneous and with a preliminary given acceleration was performed. It has been noted that the most commonly used today forensic models do not correspond to the real dynamics of the fall.</p>","PeriodicalId":35704,"journal":{"name":"Sudebno-Meditsinskaya Ekspertisa","volume":"68 1","pages":"50-53"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143524656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Flow pattern characteristics depending on angle of inclination of bloodstained surface].","authors":"E N Leonova, M N Nagornov, M Yu Makarova, R V Kalinin","doi":"10.17116/sudmed20256803128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17116/sudmed20256803128","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aim of this study is to determine the flow pattern characteristics depending on the angle of inclination of the surface on which bloodstains are formed. A large drip of donor human blood 80 µL was used. Experimental rectilinear strip-shaped flow patterns on the glass were obtained. The surface had a inclination of 30°, 45°, 60°, 75°. With increasing inclination angle, the length of the flow patterns increases from 24.5±0.07 to 48.3±0.02 cm, while the width decreases from 0.8±0.04 to 0.5±0.03 cm. The elements of the flow pattern structure are designated «head», «body» and end part. It is proposed to distinguish two types of flow pattern: the first one is formed when blood flows out of wound, the second one is formed when a drip or a limited blood mass falls on vertical or inclined surface.</p>","PeriodicalId":35704,"journal":{"name":"Sudebno-Meditsinskaya Ekspertisa","volume":"68 3","pages":"28-31"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144327082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Forensic graphology. Criminalistic aspect].","authors":"O E Roslova, V Yu Vladimirov, I A Tolmachev","doi":"10.17116/sudmed20256803111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17116/sudmed20256803111","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The article describes the epistemological prerequisites for the use of special knowledge in the field of forensic medicine in the production of forensic graphology examinations in relation to potentially forged signatures. The authors emphasize the existence of functional unity when considering the process of cognition of such objects as a dynamic stereotype and a writing and motor skills in the performance of graphology examinations with a low level of identifying information content between such sciences as the general theory of forensic examination, methodology of forensic graphology and forensic medicine. Some provisions from earlier works of the famous Soviet and Russian scientist, forensic physician and criminologist V.V. Tomilin are given. The article substantiates the need to include the stage of an expert experiment aimed at increasing the level of cognition of a dynamic stereotype implemented through the writing and motor skills of the performer in the structure of forensic graphology examination in relation to potentially forged signatures. This article is a means of legitimization of the idea being developed by the authors on restructuring of the conclusion of the expert graphologist with the inclusion of the expert experiment stage on a methodological basis of the comprehensive use of specialized knowledge in the field of judicial graphology and forensic medicine in the research process.</p>","PeriodicalId":35704,"journal":{"name":"Sudebno-Meditsinskaya Ekspertisa","volume":"68 3","pages":"11-14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144327083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[To the 100th anniversary of the birth of MD, PhD, professor Lyusik Oganesovna Barsegyants].","authors":"Yu A Solokhin, M L Danielyan","doi":"10.17116/sudmed20246702167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17116/sudmed20246702167","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The article presents information about the life and activity of the outstanding scientist, professor L.O. Barsegyants.</p>","PeriodicalId":35704,"journal":{"name":"Sudebno-Meditsinskaya Ekspertisa","volume":"67 2","pages":"67-68"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140866682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Assessment of histological changes in the lungs and Bax and Bcl-2 expression in bronchial epithelium, alveolar type 1 cells and neutrophils of rats in poisoning with baclofen].","authors":"O L Romanova, M L Blagonravov, P G Dzhuvalyakov, V I Torshin, E Kh Barinov, A V Ershov, M A Kislov","doi":"10.17116/sudmed20246705136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17116/sudmed20246705136","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To study the histological changes in lung of rats, evaluate their dynamics and determine the Bax and Bcl-2 genes expression in bronchial epithelium, alveolar type 1 cells and neutrophils at different times after the administration of baclofen.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>The experiment was conducted on 20 mature (at the age of 20 weeks) male Wistar rats with a mass of 290-350 g, distributed in 4 groups (5 rats in each). Animals in the control group did not receive baclofen. Rats in experimental groups received baclofen at a dose of 85 mg/kg: in the 1st group, the experiment duration was 3 hours (time to maximum observed blood drug concentration); in the 2nd group - 4.5 h (drug half-life and time to maximum observed concentration of the main drug's metabolite - beta-[p-chlorophenyl])-gamma-hydroxybutyric acid in the blood); in the 3rd group - 24 h.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A complex of pathological reactions developed in lungs of experimental animals when baclofen muscle relaxant was administered, namely circulatory disturbances at all levels of the microvasculature (venular and capillary congestion, hemorrhages in the interalveolar septums, alveoli, sludge), emphysema, sites of which punctuated with atelectases and dystelectases. The complex of pathological changes in the lungs had a certain dynamics and reached its highest severity by the 24th hour. Bax expression was strong, while Bcl-2 expression was moderate in the immunohistochemical (IHC) study of bronchical epithelium and alveolar type 1 cells, Bax and Bcl-2 expression in neutrophils was moderate in rats of the 1st group. The expression of Bax and Bcl-2 was strong in the bronchial epithelium and alveolar type 1 cells, the expression of Bax in neutrophils was moderate, and BCL-2 - strong in animals of the 2nd group. The expression of Bax in bronchial epithelium and alveolar type 1 cells was moderate, expression of Bcl-2 in bronchial epithelium and alveolar type 1 cells - strong, expression of Bax in neutrophils - weak and expression of Bcl-2 - strong among the rats of the 3rd group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The complex of pathological changes in lungs had a certain dynamic. Data on the histological changes in lungs in combination with the results of the chemical study, can be used to diagnose the poisoning by baclofen and to establish the time since the drug was administered. The results obtained during the IHC study suggest the involvement of apoptosis in the development of lesion of bronchial epithelium and alveolar type 1 cells. In addition, the expression of Bcl-2 in epithelial cells may play a role in the process of their regeneration.</p>","PeriodicalId":35704,"journal":{"name":"Sudebno-Meditsinskaya Ekspertisa","volume":"67 5","pages":"36-41"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142509563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Incidence of sudden cardiac death among diseases of the circulatory system during the COVID-19 pandemic in the Penza region].","authors":"N S Averkin, M G Fedorova, N I Mikulyak, O I Illarionova, I A Sorokin, D S Efremova","doi":"10.17116/sudmed20246705110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17116/sudmed20246705110","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To study the incidence of sudden cardiac death (SCD) among overall and primary morbidity of diseases of the circulatory system (DCS) during the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as several years before it in urban and rural populations of the Penza region.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Statistical analysis of data using correlation (Pearson's coefficient), regression methods, t-test was performed to determine the significance of results.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The higher incidence of DCS among men in urban areas has been found. COVID-19 morbidity did not cause an increase in the incidence of SCD in the rural population in comparison with primary DCS morbidity, which was strongly correlated with the prevalence of novel coronavirus infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":35704,"journal":{"name":"Sudebno-Meditsinskaya Ekspertisa","volume":"67 5","pages":"10-14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142509567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Forensic characteristic of drowning cases in the Russian Federation for the period from 2013 to 2022].","authors":"G V Zolotenkova, P V Minaeva, D A Sheptulin, D P Kalashnikov","doi":"10.17116/sudmed20246704111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17116/sudmed20246704111","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To study forensic characteristic of drowning mortality cases in the Russian Federation for the period from 2013 to 2022.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Dynamics and territorial specificity of drowning (in absolute values and in terms of 100 thous. population), proportion of histological examinations, cases of ethanol detection in the blood upon the occurrence of death by drowning and the proportion of children under 14 years among deceased from drowning.</p><p><strong>Results and conclusion: </strong>The evidence suggests the necessity for intersectoral approaches of preventive measures creation. The results of the study could be used to establish a monitoring system as part of a national water safety strategy.</p>","PeriodicalId":35704,"journal":{"name":"Sudebno-Meditsinskaya Ekspertisa","volume":"67 4","pages":"11-15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142074119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Forensic characteristic of sudden death cases in subjects with metabolic syndrome].","authors":"Yu I Pigolkin, P S Velenko, E A Gritsenko, S N Zakharov, A A Bychkov","doi":"10.17116/sudmed20246704154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17116/sudmed20246704154","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Comparing pace and standard of living of the world population these days and in the end of the last century, it's quiet true that there has been a significant increase. Therewith, the number of deaths from cardiovascular diseases has increased in recent decades. Scientists around the world attribute this fact to the increase in the number of people with overweight and other metabolic disorders. Unhealthy lifestyle, namely unbalanced diet, stress, bad habits (smoking, alcohol abuse) leads to metabolic disorders and metabolic syndrome development, that, in turn, can be the main risk factor for complications of associated diseases leading to fatal outcome. The present study gives a forensic description of sudden death in metabolic syndrome, its pathomorphological features were investigated, the causes of death were shown, as well as their relationship with biochemical abnormalities in the body.</p>","PeriodicalId":35704,"journal":{"name":"Sudebno-Meditsinskaya Ekspertisa","volume":"67 4","pages":"54-57"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142074120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Diagnostic criteria of death cause from low temperature in air and water established by traditional expert examination methods].","authors":"A Yu Chudakov, A P Bozhchenko, Yu A Khrustaleva, I A Tolmachev, V V Gayvoronskaya","doi":"10.17116/sudmed20246703129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17116/sudmed20246703129","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Death from general hypothermia is one of the leading causes in the structure of violent death in the Russian Federation.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To clarify and supplement the complex of differential diagnostic macro- and microscopic signs of a fatal acute general cold trauma received when person is in the air and water.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>The conclusions of forensic medical experts on the bodies of people who died from hypothermia in the air and in water (by 150 observations) were analyzed. Methods of descriptive statistics, calculation of the frequency ratio of signs' occurrence were used.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The article provides quantitative assessment of occurrence (detection) rate of diagnostically significant signs established with the help of traditional methods of expert examination. A new classification of diagnostic death signs from hypothermia taking into account their differential diagnostic significance and reflecting the conditions of a person's stay in the air and water in the pre-mortem and post-mortem periods, as well as terminal period mechanisms is proposed.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The established complexes of signs provide an objective basis for determining death cause in non-obvious conditions when cold exposure is expected to be one of the most damaging factors.</p>","PeriodicalId":35704,"journal":{"name":"Sudebno-Meditsinskaya Ekspertisa","volume":"67 3","pages":"29-33"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141421219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}