Journal of Equine Science最新文献_第3页

Enhanced detection of Taylorella equigenitalis by qPCR using 'Dry' swabs. 用“干”拭子增强qPCR检测均匀泰勒菌。

Journal of Equine Science Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.1294/jes.34.7

Ian Mawhinney, Anne Bollard

{"title":"Enhanced detection of Taylorella equigenitalis by qPCR using 'Dry' swabs.","authors":"Ian Mawhinney, Anne Bollard","doi":"10.1294/jes.34.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1294/jes.34.7","url":null,"abstract":"Detection of Taylorella equigenitalis (CEMO) in the horse uses genital swabs. These swabs traditionally have been put in Amies charcoal transport medium for detection by culture but are also used for PCR. We determined the suitability of swabs without transport medium (Dry swabs) for CEMO PCR compared to swabs in Amies charcoal transport medium. The experiment was a factorial design using swab type and dilution of organism in culture suspensions, done in two parts. Simulated genital swabs were prepared in the laboratory by dipping in pairs into culture suspensions containing T. equigenitalis with or without other organisms, and then inserting them into a sleeve either with or without transport medium. In study 1, the difference in Ct value for the two swab types was compared. In study 2 genital swab material was then also added to culture suspensions and the swab types again compared. The swabs were tested by a validated quantitative PCR method. The Ct value of the PCR test was used as the measure for comparison, and the effect of variables assessed with linear regression. There was an 7.7% (6.5-8.9) higher mean Ct value of TM versus Dry swabs (P<0.001) overall. The Ct difference was more marked at higher dilutions. Addition of genital swab material had no effect on the Ct value. Dry swabs perform at least as well for PCR as swabs in Amies charcoal transport medium, especially when relatively low numbers of organism are present, and are advantageous for routine sampling when culture is not being used.","PeriodicalId":35701,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Equine Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/e1/22/jes-34-007.PMC10122987.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9431795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Evaluation of genetic diversity using 31 microsatellites in Miyako horses. 利用31颗微卫星评价宫古马遗传多样性。

Journal of Equine Science Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.1294/jes.34.1

Mioko Masuda, Akihiro Nikadori, Emi Nikadori, Naoya Uchida, Yoshimasa Takizawa, Mutsuki Ishimaru, Takumi Yamamoto, Reiko Yuasa, Haruo Kugai, Yukio Nagahama, Masaki Takasu, Teruaki Tozaki

{"title":"Evaluation of genetic diversity using 31 microsatellites in Miyako horses.","authors":"Mioko Masuda, Akihiro Nikadori, Emi Nikadori, Naoya Uchida, Yoshimasa Takizawa, Mutsuki Ishimaru, Takumi Yamamoto, Reiko Yuasa, Haruo Kugai, Yukio Nagahama, Masaki Takasu, Teruaki Tozaki","doi":"10.1294/jes.34.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1294/jes.34.1","url":null,"abstract":"The Miyako horse is a native Japanese horse breed. As with other native Japanese horses, the number of Miyako horses decreased due to mechanization and motorization, which reduced their roles, with just 14 in 1980. Although their population had increased to 55 horses by 2021, a further increase in their numbers is required to avoid extinction. Recently, their breeding has involved natural mating during group grazing; therefore, pedigree management has been difficult, and individual identification has been inconclusive. With the aim of formulating an effective breeding plan, this study used microsatellites to confirm parent-offspring relationships and evaluate the genetic diversity over time. First, the combination of microsatellite genotypes identified misunderstood parent-offspring relationships in 35.3% of the existing individuals, and a correct family tree was reconstructed. Next, the number of alleles and observed and expected values of heterozygosity were calculated separately for the populations during periods of 1998-2012 and 2013-2020. The values were 4.2, 0.705, and 0.653 and 3.9, 0.633, and 0.603, respectively, indicating that genetic diversity according to all indices decreased during period of 2013-2020. This was probably because of the bias of stallions in the 2013-2020 population. Errors in pedigree information in a small population such as Miyako horses could increase the risk of inbreeding, and confirmation of parent-offspring relationships using genotypes may be beneficial. Additionally, to maintain diversity in future breeding, it is important to avoid bias, particularly among stallions, and to ensure offspring of various individuals who are as distantly related to each other as possible.","PeriodicalId":35701,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Equine Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/ab/15/jes-34-001.PMC10122988.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9431791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Prevalence of serum and salivary virus-neutralizing antibodies against equine coronavirus in four riding stables in Japan. 日本4个马场马冠状病毒血清和唾液病毒中和抗体的流行

Journal of Equine Science Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.1294/jes.34.13

Hiroshi Bannai, Yoshinori Kambayashi, Minoru Ohta, Manabu Nemoto, Koji Tsujimura

引用次数: 0

Erratum: Genetic diversity analysis and parentage verification of Taishu horses using 31 microsatellites. 用31颗微卫星分析太舒马遗传多样性及亲子鉴定。

Journal of Equine Science Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.1294/jes.34.19

引用次数: 0

A case of equine piroplasmosis in the Tokyo 2020 Olympic Games 2020年东京奥运会马螺形体病1例

Journal of Equine Science Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1294/jes.32.93

Hiroko AIDA, Jonathan H. FOREMAN, Akihiro OCHI, Yoshimasa TAKIZAWA, Takashi YAMANAKA

引用次数: 0

Prevalence of equine proliferative enteropathy in Hidaka district, Hokkaido, over five seasons. 北海道Hidaka地区5个季节马增生性肠病的流行情况。

Journal of Equine Science Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.1294/jes.33.71

Hidekazu Niwa, Toru Higuchi, Seiichi Fujii, Yuta Kinoshita, Eri Uchida-Fujii, Masuo Sueyoshi, Toshio Nukada, Takanori Ueno

引用次数: 0

Effects of packing on the diurnal rhythms of respiratory and heart rates in donkeys during the hot-dry season. 干热季节装袋对驴呼吸和心率昼夜节律的影响。

Journal of Equine Science Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.1294/jes.33.55

Ayodele Stephen Ake, Joseph Olusegun Ayo

{"title":"Effects of packing on the diurnal rhythms of respiratory and heart rates in donkeys during the hot-dry season.","authors":"Ayodele Stephen Ake, Joseph Olusegun Ayo","doi":"10.1294/jes.33.55","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1294/jes.33.55","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to evaluate the effects of packing (load carrying) on the diurnal rhythms of respiratory and heart rates in donkeys during the hot-dry season. Twenty 2- to 3-years-old donkeys weighing 93 ± 2.7 kg were divided into two groups to serve as subjects: Group 1 was subjected to packing + trekking, while group 2 was subjected to trekking only. All donkeys trekked 20 km on each experimental day. The procedure was repeated three times at one-day intervals. Thermal environmental parameters were recorded. Respiratory rate (RR) and heart rate (HR) were measured before and immediately (15 min) after the packing and/or trekking period. Continuous recordings of parameters were performed for 27 hr at 3-hr intervals beginning 16 hr after the last packing and/or trekking period. The RR rose significantly (P<0.05) immediately after packing + trekking and trekking only, from 30.15 ± 0.5 and 27.52 ± 0.5 cycles/min before packing + trekking and trekking only, respectively, to 43.78 ± 3.0 and 46.30 ± 1.8 cycles/min after them, respectively. The HR (76.63 ± 4.5 beats/min) in the packing + trekking donkeys was higher (P<0.05) than that of the trekking-only donkeys (62.33 ± 2.7 beats/min). The acrophase and bathyphase of the HR in both groups were recorded during the photophase and scotophase, respectively, with higher values (P<0.05) in the packing + trekking donkeys than in the trekking-only donkeys. The circadian rhythms of RR and HR did not differ between the groups of donkeys. In conclusion, packing + trekking was more stressful to the donkeys, significantly increasing the HR of donkeys subjected to packing + trekking, compared with trekking only.","PeriodicalId":35701,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Equine Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/33/84/jes-33-055.PMC9843161.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10677593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Genetic diversity analysis and parentage verification of Taishu horses using 31 microsatellites. 31颗微卫星对太舒马遗传多样性分析及亲子验证。

Journal of Equine Science Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.1294/jes.33.63

Tomoko Yoshihara, Misaki Kikuchi, Yuki Akiba, Masaharu Horiguchi, Masaki Takasu, Teruaki Tozaki

{"title":"Genetic diversity analysis and parentage verification of Taishu horses using 31 microsatellites.","authors":"Tomoko Yoshihara, Misaki Kikuchi, Yuki Akiba, Masaharu Horiguchi, Masaki Takasu, Teruaki Tozaki","doi":"10.1294/jes.33.63","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1294/jes.33.63","url":null,"abstract":"The Taishu horse in Tsushima is one of eight Japanese native breeds. The breed is on the verge of extinction due to a rapid decrease in numbers since the 1960s owing to motorization in Japan. In this study, we aimed to confirm the pedigree information of 52 horses by genotyping 31 microsatellites in order to avoid inbreeding. Parentage verification failed to identify genetic contradictions among trios (sires, dams, and foals) registered with the Japan Equine Affairs Association (JEAA). Pedigree information registered at the JEAA was obtained and adequately understood. Additionally, the genetic diversity of the Taishu horses was evaluated and compared with those of other Japanese native breeds. The average values for the number of alleles, observed heterozygosity, expected heterozygosity, and inbreeding coefficient were 4.7, 0.643, 0.632, and -0.02, respectively. Using the Structure software, the 52 horses were classified into three subgroups based on the individuals with more than 50% of specific genetic components. The phylogenetic trees created based on neighbor-joining classification tended to be consistent among the stallions. The effective population size was 27.5 and lower than that required for maintaining 90% genetic variation in the source population over a period of 100 years (47.5). Compared with the other Japanese breeds, the Taishu horse population included in the current study exhibited moderate genetic diversity. Our study will contribute to reconsideration of the breeding strategy of Taishu horses.","PeriodicalId":35701,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Equine Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/5d/22/jes-33-063.PMC9843162.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9409865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Undetectable vitamin D₃ in equine skin irradiated with ultraviolet light. 紫外线照射的马皮肤中检测不到维生素D3。

Journal of Equine Science Pub Date : 2022-09-01 Epub Date: 2022-09-21 DOI: 10.1294/jes.33.45

Sara Azarpeykan, Erica K Gee, Keith G Thompson, Keren E Dittmer

{"title":"Undetectable vitamin D3 in equine skin irradiated with ultraviolet light.","authors":"Sara Azarpeykan, Erica K Gee, Keith G Thompson, Keren E Dittmer","doi":"10.1294/jes.33.45","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1294/jes.33.45","url":null,"abstract":"Vitamin D requirements for most animals are expected to be fulfilled through daily exposure of the skin to solar ultraviolet B radiation. The synthesis of vitamin D3 in skin depends on different factors including melanin pigmentation, the amount of UVB radiation reaching the skin, type of clothing/hair coat, latitude and altitude, season, and time of day. Alternatively vitamin D2 may be obtained from UVB irradiated pasture species. Recent studies have shown that in unsupplemented grazing horses 25-hydroxyvitamin D2 is the predominant form of vitamin D in plasma, and that 25OHD3 is undetectable suggesting horses may rely on diet to obtain vitamin D. In order to mimic the natural environment of skin to sunlight exposure, five equine and two ovine devitalized skin samples were irradiated with 5 J/cm2 of UVB light followed by measurement of 7-dehydrocholesterol (7-DHC) and vitamin D3 concentrations using reverse-phase high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). HPLC revealed the presence of 7-DHC in the skin of both horses and sheep. Vitamin D3 was undetectable in both ovine and equine skin prior to irradiation, but after irradiation with UVB light, ovine skin showed an increase in vitamin D3 concentration (mean 0.16 ± 0.07 µg/g), whereas vitamin D3 was undetectable in equine skin. These results provide additional evidence that horses make negligible quantities of vitamin D3 in their skin after exposure to UVB light and may therefore rely on their diet as a primary source of vitamin D.","PeriodicalId":35701,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Equine Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/da/26/jes-33-045.PMC9522623.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33486986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Serum proteins and electrophoretic profile in horses undergoing crotalid venom hyperimmunization. 马接受蛇毒过度免疫的血清蛋白和电泳谱。

Journal of Equine Science Pub Date : 2022-09-01 Epub Date: 2022-09-21 DOI: 10.1294/jes.33.31

Monique Gonçalves Dos Santos Novelino Ramos, Sabrina Destri Emmerick Campos, Marcelo Abrahão Strauch, Leila Cardozo Ott, Daniel de Barros Macieira, Nayro Xavier de Alencar, Daniel Augusto Barroso Lessa

{"title":"Serum proteins and electrophoretic profile in horses undergoing crotalid venom hyperimmunization.","authors":"Monique Gonçalves Dos Santos Novelino Ramos, Sabrina Destri Emmerick Campos, Marcelo Abrahão Strauch, Leila Cardozo Ott, Daniel de Barros Macieira, Nayro Xavier de Alencar, Daniel Augusto Barroso Lessa","doi":"10.1294/jes.33.31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1294/jes.33.31","url":null,"abstract":"Indisputably, the use of antivenoms for the treatment of snakebite envenoming is beneficial for the victims. However, there are few studies addressing the effect of long-term hyperimmunization in inoculated horses. It is known that the injection of snake venoms and adjuvants leads to local and systemic reactions in horses, but little is known about the response of inflammatory proteins. The aim of this study was to evaluate serum proteins and the electrophoretic profile of horses undergoing crotalid venom hyperimmunization. Twenty horses were divided into two groups: an inoculated group, comprising ten horses that were already being used for production of a Crotalus sp. antivenom, and a control group, comprising ten animals that had never been used for hyperimmunization. All animals were clinically healthy and without laboratory abnormalities. Total protein and albumin concentrations were measured in serum. Serum globulins were obtained by calculation. Plasma fibrinogen estimates were determined by the heat precipitation method. Serum proteinograms were obtained using agarose gel electrophoresis. The results revealed a significant increase in the concentrations of total serum proteins, globulins, and β-globulins in the inoculated group, exceeding the reference values. There were slight increases in the α-1- and α-2-globulin subfractions in serum-producing horses, with no statistical significance. We also observed that horses used to produce hyperimmune plasma developed hypoalbuminemia, although the decrease in albumin production was not statistically significant. Our findings suggest that the continuous use of horses to produce crotalid antivenom may lead to a chronic inflammatory stimulus, with changes in plasma levels of inflammatory proteins.","PeriodicalId":35701,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Equine Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/3a/74/jes-33-031.PMC9522620.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33486988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1