Kendall A Hyde, Annabelle Altman, Robin Banasek, Melba O Gastal, Eduardo L Gastal
{"title":"Efficiency of round bale feeders: comparison of Tombstone versus Hay Saver.","authors":"Kendall A Hyde, Annabelle Altman, Robin Banasek, Melba O Gastal, Eduardo L Gastal","doi":"10.1294/jes.34.51","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1294/jes.34.51","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hay wastage when feeding round bales due to contamination, deterioration, and animal refusal can accrue large financial losses for farmers. The present study investigated the efficiency of the conventional Tombstone-style feeder system compared to the Hay Saver feeder system to reduce hay wastage in feeding round hay bales. Mares were distributed equally into two groups, Tombstone and Hay Saver, and fed six bales per group over 48 days. Hay wastage was collected daily, dried, and weighed, while the mares were weighed weekly. Overall, the Hay Saver feeder showed less hay wastage, higher mean mare weight, and higher consumption rate per horse. The results of this study indicated that the Hay Saver feeder system had higher efficiency compared to the Tombstone feeder system.</p>","PeriodicalId":35701,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Equine Science","volume":"34 2","pages":"51-54"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/ff/65/jes-34-051.PMC10315636.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9858300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Monitoring the positive conversion of anti-erythrocyte antibodies in blood transfusion donor horses.","authors":"Hironaga Kakoi, Mio Kikuchi, Taichiro Ishige, Yuko Hirosawa, Shoko Tanaka, Shun-Ichi Nagata","doi":"10.1294/jes.34.47","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1294/jes.34.47","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To confirm the positive conversion of antibodies against erythrocyte antigens in horses, possible blood transfusion donor horses selected from draft horse populations were periodically monitored with an indirect antiglobulin (Coombs) test for approximately 3 years. In this study, 19 horses (16 females and 3 males) were investigated, and five mares showed alloantibodies during the monitoring period. Four mares were typically pregnant when positive conversion was detected, whereas no particular cause of conversion could be observed for one mare based on its clinical records. In the analyzed horses, most positive conversions were possibly due to pregnancy, as conversion occurred more often during this period than after parturition. Pregnancy is considered a key event for positive conversion. Additionally, in cases in which unknown causative sensitization is confirmed, continuous monitoring with a test to detect antibodies should be performed, even if the possible donor is selected and maintained.</p>","PeriodicalId":35701,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Equine Science","volume":"34 2","pages":"47-49"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/91/cf/jes-34-047.PMC10315640.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10160532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Olumide Odunayo Akinniyi, Anthony Kojo Beku Sackey, Gabriel Enenche Ochube, Philip Wayuta Mshelia, Francis Alkali Musa, Mary Oluwatomisin Elijah, Kelvin Olutimilehin Jolayemi
{"title":"Occurrence of equine metabolic syndrome, clinical manifestations, and associated risk factors in Nigeria.","authors":"Olumide Odunayo Akinniyi, Anthony Kojo Beku Sackey, Gabriel Enenche Ochube, Philip Wayuta Mshelia, Francis Alkali Musa, Mary Oluwatomisin Elijah, Kelvin Olutimilehin Jolayemi","doi":"10.1294/jes.34.29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1294/jes.34.29","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Insulin dysregulation (ID) is central to the pathophysiology of equine metabolic syndrome (EMS), putting the horse at risk of laminitis. There is a paucity of information on the status of EMS in Nigeria. This study aimed to determine the occurrence of EMS, clinical manifestations, and associated risk factors in Nigeria. A cross-sectional study was carried out. Selected horses underwent an insulin 2-step response test to ascertain insulin dysregulation; a physical examination was carried out to diagnose laminitis and obesity. Risk factors were assessed using a questionnaire. The overall prevalence of EMS was 43.10%. Breed and sex were significantly associated with EMS, but age was not. Horses diagnosed with laminitis showed two signs of laminitis, namely, divergent hoof rings and widened white lines. Risk factors significantly associated with the prevalence of EMS were as follows: being a West African Barb horse (60.00%), being a stallion (67.86%), being a leisure horse (67.86%), only walking horses during exercise (68.00%), exercising horses once every 5 months (82.76%), tethering horses to a stake in the ground (67.86%), obesity (92.86%), and abnormal neck crest (83.33%). The risk of ID remains higher in obese horses. However, some of the horses with ID were not obese, indicating that there are other possible underlying causes of EMS.</p>","PeriodicalId":35701,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Equine Science","volume":"34 2","pages":"29-35"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/fd/d6/jes-34-029.PMC10315637.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9858301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Preliminary study of heart rate variability in Criollo horses for the elucidation of their neurophysiological characteristics of autonomic nerve function.","authors":"Nozomi Seki, Ryota Tochinai, Shin-Ichi Sekizawa, Martín Alejandro Márquez, Kentaro Fukuda, Hajime Ohmura, Masayoshi Kuwahara","doi":"10.1294/jes.34.55","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1294/jes.34.55","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Criollo is an Argentine horse breed with a calm temperament. Although its temperament is considered to be related to its neurophysiological characteristics, the details of this are unknown. Therefore, we analyzed the heart rate variability in Criollos as a preliminary study to deepen the neurophysiological understanding of their autonomic function. Electrocardiograms were recorded from Criollos and Thoroughbreds, and the power spectrum of heart rate variability was analyzed. Compared with Thoroughbreds, Criollos showed (i) a significantly higher high-frequency component, which is an index of parasympathetic nerve activity, and (ii) tendency toward a lower ratio of low- to high-frequency power, which is an index of the autonomic balance. These results revealed that parasympathetic nerves might be more active in Criollos compared with Thoroughbreds.</p>","PeriodicalId":35701,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Equine Science","volume":"34 2","pages":"55-59"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/b2/ac/jes-34-055.PMC10315639.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9858303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Enhanced detection of <i>Taylorella equigenitalis</i> by qPCR using 'Dry' swabs.","authors":"Ian Mawhinney, Anne Bollard","doi":"10.1294/jes.34.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1294/jes.34.7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Detection of Taylorella equigenitalis (CEMO) in the horse uses genital swabs. These swabs traditionally have been put in Amies charcoal transport medium for detection by culture but are also used for PCR. We determined the suitability of swabs without transport medium (Dry swabs) for CEMO PCR compared to swabs in Amies charcoal transport medium. The experiment was a factorial design using swab type and dilution of organism in culture suspensions, done in two parts. Simulated genital swabs were prepared in the laboratory by dipping in pairs into culture suspensions containing T. equigenitalis with or without other organisms, and then inserting them into a sleeve either with or without transport medium. In study 1, the difference in Ct value for the two swab types was compared. In study 2 genital swab material was then also added to culture suspensions and the swab types again compared. The swabs were tested by a validated quantitative PCR method. The Ct value of the PCR test was used as the measure for comparison, and the effect of variables assessed with linear regression. There was an 7.7% (6.5-8.9) higher mean Ct value of TM versus Dry swabs (P<0.001) overall. The Ct difference was more marked at higher dilutions. Addition of genital swab material had no effect on the Ct value. Dry swabs perform at least as well for PCR as swabs in Amies charcoal transport medium, especially when relatively low numbers of organism are present, and are advantageous for routine sampling when culture is not being used.</p>","PeriodicalId":35701,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Equine Science","volume":"34 1","pages":"7-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/e1/22/jes-34-007.PMC10122987.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9431795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Evaluation of genetic diversity using 31 microsatellites in Miyako horses.","authors":"Mioko Masuda, Akihiro Nikadori, Emi Nikadori, Naoya Uchida, Yoshimasa Takizawa, Mutsuki Ishimaru, Takumi Yamamoto, Reiko Yuasa, Haruo Kugai, Yukio Nagahama, Masaki Takasu, Teruaki Tozaki","doi":"10.1294/jes.34.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1294/jes.34.1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Miyako horse is a native Japanese horse breed. As with other native Japanese horses, the number of Miyako horses decreased due to mechanization and motorization, which reduced their roles, with just 14 in 1980. Although their population had increased to 55 horses by 2021, a further increase in their numbers is required to avoid extinction. Recently, their breeding has involved natural mating during group grazing; therefore, pedigree management has been difficult, and individual identification has been inconclusive. With the aim of formulating an effective breeding plan, this study used microsatellites to confirm parent-offspring relationships and evaluate the genetic diversity over time. First, the combination of microsatellite genotypes identified misunderstood parent-offspring relationships in 35.3% of the existing individuals, and a correct family tree was reconstructed. Next, the number of alleles and observed and expected values of heterozygosity were calculated separately for the populations during periods of 1998-2012 and 2013-2020. The values were 4.2, 0.705, and 0.653 and 3.9, 0.633, and 0.603, respectively, indicating that genetic diversity according to all indices decreased during period of 2013-2020. This was probably because of the bias of stallions in the 2013-2020 population. Errors in pedigree information in a small population such as Miyako horses could increase the risk of inbreeding, and confirmation of parent-offspring relationships using genotypes may be beneficial. Additionally, to maintain diversity in future breeding, it is important to avoid bias, particularly among stallions, and to ensure offspring of various individuals who are as distantly related to each other as possible.</p>","PeriodicalId":35701,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Equine Science","volume":"34 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/ab/15/jes-34-001.PMC10122988.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9431791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hiroshi Bannai, Yoshinori Kambayashi, Minoru Ohta, Manabu Nemoto, Koji Tsujimura
{"title":"Prevalence of serum and salivary virus-neutralizing antibodies against equine coronavirus in four riding stables in Japan.","authors":"Hiroshi Bannai, Yoshinori Kambayashi, Minoru Ohta, Manabu Nemoto, Koji Tsujimura","doi":"10.1294/jes.34.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1294/jes.34.13","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To assess the prevalence of equine coronavirus infection in riding horses, virus-neutralizing tests were performed on serum and saliva samples collected at four facilities in Japan. Seropositivity rates ranged from 79.2% to 94.6%, suggesting widespread circulation of the virus in these populations. Antibody prevalence in saliva samples from two facilities that had experienced outbreaks in the previous year (67.6% and 71.4%) was significantly higher than at the other facilities without reported outbreaks (41.7% and 45.2%, P<0.05). The presence of salivary antibodies in a high proportion of horses is therefore suggestive of recent exposure to the virus.</p>","PeriodicalId":35701,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Equine Science","volume":"34 1","pages":"13-18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/2e/45/jes-34-0013.PMC10122986.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9431790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Erratum: Genetic diversity analysis and parentage verification of Taishu horses using 31 microsatellites.","authors":"","doi":"10.1294/jes.34.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1294/jes.34.19","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1294/jes.33.63.].</p>","PeriodicalId":35701,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Equine Science","volume":"34 1","pages":"19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/a1/22/jes-34-019.PMC10122985.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9431904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hiroko AIDA, Jonathan H. FOREMAN, Akihiro OCHI, Yoshimasa TAKIZAWA, Takashi YAMANAKA
{"title":"A case of equine piroplasmosis in the Tokyo 2020 Olympic Games","authors":"Hiroko AIDA, Jonathan H. FOREMAN, Akihiro OCHI, Yoshimasa TAKIZAWA, Takashi YAMANAKA","doi":"10.1294/jes.32.93","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1294/jes.32.93","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":35701,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Equine Science","volume":"191 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134988166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hidekazu Niwa, Toru Higuchi, Seiichi Fujii, Yuta Kinoshita, Eri Uchida-Fujii, Masuo Sueyoshi, Toshio Nukada, Takanori Ueno
{"title":"Prevalence of equine proliferative enteropathy in Hidaka district, Hokkaido, over five seasons.","authors":"Hidekazu Niwa, Toru Higuchi, Seiichi Fujii, Yuta Kinoshita, Eri Uchida-Fujii, Masuo Sueyoshi, Toshio Nukada, Takanori Ueno","doi":"10.1294/jes.33.71","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1294/jes.33.71","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Equine proliferative enteropathy (EPE) is an equine infectious disease that can lead to severe weight loss and hyperplasia of the intestinal mucosa due to infection with Lawsonia intracellularis. In this study, we investigated the prevalence of EPE in a major Thoroughbred breeding area: Hidaka district, Hokkaido, Japan. Of the 252 symptomatic horses that we tested, 192 EPE cases (76.2%), including 8 fatal cases, were confirmed from April 2015 to March 2020 by etiological and/or serological investigation. Most of the EPE cases were observed in foals (88.5%), with fewer cases in yearlings (7.3%) and adults (4.2%). Asymptomatic infection was observed in 62.9% of the horses kept with affected horses. These results suggest that EPE is an enzootic disease in Hidaka district.</p>","PeriodicalId":35701,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Equine Science","volume":"33 4","pages":"71-74"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/5a/52/jes-33-071.PMC9843160.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10677594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}