Journal of Equine Science最新文献

{"title":"Misconceptions and misuse: assessing horse caregivers' knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding dexamethasone use in Ibadan, Nigeria.","authors":"Tolulope Ademola Olakojo, Olumide Odunayo Akinniyi, Emmanuel Oluwaseun Dansu, Abayomi Onaolapo Adeoye, Osereime Adah, Onyeka Chidiebele Nwufoh, Bisi Olajumoke Adeoye, Olayinka Ayotunde Oridupa, Adebowale Bernard Saba","doi":"10.1294/jes.36.103","DOIUrl":"10.1294/jes.36.103","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dexamethasone is a common drug used in equine medicine, but when administered inappropriately, it can lead to serious health complications. There is a dearth of data on horse caregivers' knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding dexamethasone use in Nigeria. Understanding current dexamethasone usage patterns is necessary for developing educational interventions which will then improve equine welfare. This study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of horse caregivers regarding dexamethasone use in Ibadan, Nigeria. A cross-sectional study was conducted amongst a total of 100 horse caregivers in Ibadan using a structured questionnaire. Face-to-face interviews were conducted so as to assess KAP regarding dexamethasone use. Descriptive statistics and chi-square tests were conducted with P≤0.05 considered significant. All respondents were male, and 66% of them were aged 20-39 years. Only 46% of them demonstrated satisfactory knowledge, with 76% of them wrongly identifying dexamethasone as a painkiller rather than a steroid (6%). Attitudes (caregivers' perceptions and willingness to follow veterinary guidance) and practices were satisfactory in 54% of respondents. Facility type significantly influenced attitudes (P=0.036), with commercial stable workers showing poorer attitudes (80% unsatisfactory). Age significantly affected practices (P=0.014), with teenagers demonstrating the worst practices (100% unsatisfactory). Frequency of veterinary consultation significantly affected both attitudes (P=0.025) and practices (P=0.007), with daily interaction showing the best outcomes. Knowledge gaps as well as inappropriate practices regarding dexamethasone use exist among horse caregivers in Ibadan, particularly concerning its classification, mechanism of action, and side effects. We recommend the implementation of educational programmes and encouragement of regular veterinary consultation amongst caregivers.</p>","PeriodicalId":35701,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Equine Science","volume":"36 3","pages":"103-113"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12445995/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145114415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correlation of hindgut microbiome and fermentation properties with a history of gas and/or impaction colic in Japanese draft horses.","authors":"Rintaro Yano, Tomoe Moriyama, Hisao Arai, Andrew J Scheftgen, Garret Suen, Takehiro Nishida, Masaaki Handa, Naoki Fukuma","doi":"10.1294/jes.36.93","DOIUrl":"10.1294/jes.36.93","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Colic, a major gastrointestinal disease in horses, has a high recurrence rate and can lead to surgery or fatal outcomes, highlighting the need for effective prevention measures. Disruption of the microbiome is a multifaceted problem and can occur from a variety of factors, such as high-concentrate diets, which can then potentially cause colic. However, individual variation in the incidence of colic can occur when under identical management practices. The aim of this study was to characterize the fecal bacterial composition of Japanese draft horses with and without a history of colic in the past two years under identical feeding conditions to determine if specific bacterial taxa are associated with either phenotype. A fecal bacterial community analysis was performed via sequencing of the V3-V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene. The fecal lactate concentration was measured using high-performance liquid chromatography. Our results show a significant decrease in microbial evenness in horses with a history of colic along with an increase in <i>Streptococcus</i>. The fecal lactate concentration was higher in the colic group compared with the non-colic group, which may be attributed to the higher abundance of <i>Streptococcus</i>. Horses without a history of colic were characterized by amplicon sequence variants belonging to bacteria associated with fiber degradation, including Rikenellaceae RC9, Kiritimatiellae, and Clostridium. Overall, our results align with previous studies on equine colic epidemiology and suggest that the bacterial microbiome composition, independent of diet, may be related to the recurrence of colic.</p>","PeriodicalId":35701,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Equine Science","volume":"36 3","pages":"93-102"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12445996/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145114370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preoperative computed tomography imaging for accurate diagnosis and surgical planning in equine cranial disorders: two case reports of congenital malformations.","authors":"Takashi Yamaga, Masaaki Tagami, Akiko Takeyama, Fumiki Kato, Tsukasa Suzuki, Masayuki Tagami, Nao Tsuzuki","doi":"10.1294/jes.36.33","DOIUrl":"10.1294/jes.36.33","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Computed tomography (CT) offers high-resolution, three-dimensional imaging, making it particularly valuable for assessing complex structures, such as the head, especially when conventional radiography and endoscopy are insufficient for a definitive diagnosis. Herein, we present two cases of equine cranial disorders resulting from congenital malformations. In case 1, which had a dentigerous cyst, CT images confirmed the location of the ectopic tooth within the skull and a detailed fistula tube. In case 2, which had temporohyoid osteoarthropathy, CT examination revealed that the stylohyoid bone was malformed, and the inner ear was presumed to be filled with soft tissue with calcification. The information obtained by CT was invaluable, as it allowed for accurate diagnosis and precise surgical planning.</p>","PeriodicalId":35701,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Equine Science","volume":"36 1","pages":"33-37"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11919546/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143671109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rising trends of inbreeding in Japanese Thoroughbred horses.","authors":"Momoko Watanabe, Fumio Sato, Hideki Innan","doi":"10.1294/jes.35.57","DOIUrl":"10.1294/jes.35.57","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We investigated the changes in inbreeding levels in Japanese Thoroughbred horses over the past 46 years. Our results show a significant increase in inbreeding over the past 30 years, primarily due to the influence of two sires, Northern Dancer and Sunday Silence. Northern Dancer's bloodline spread gradually through descendants like Northern Taste, leading to a slower increase in the inbreeding coefficient. In contrast, Sunday Silence was directly imported and became a leading sire, causing a rapid increase in his blood proportion and inbreeding coefficient. Our findings suggest that monitoring the trajectories of successful sires and considering historical factors can help predict and control potential inbreeding depression in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":35701,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Equine Science","volume":"35 4","pages":"57-61"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11634535/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142819436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of horse behavior using an activity monitoring device used for cats and dogs.","authors":"Tatsuya Matsubara, Ryota Fukatsu, Makoto Yamamoto, Minami Moriya, Kazuki Hano, Kotono Nakamura, Yasunori Ohba, Masaki Takasu","doi":"10.1294/jes.35.47","DOIUrl":"10.1294/jes.35.47","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Including Internet of Things (IoT) technology in horse-rearing management can potentially mitigate problems such as human resource shortages and time limitations in performing daily behavior monitoring. In this study, a small and inexpensive activity meter used to monitor dogs and cats (PLUS CYCLE^®, JARMeC, Kanagawa, Japan) was used to monitor the daily behavior of horses. A study was performed to examine the suitability of the PLUS CYCLE^® device for monitoring horses and to determine whether it could estimate horse behavior. The device was equipped with an accelerometer and was used to monitor Kiso horses in horse stalls and pastures after installing the devices at specific locations on headcollars and girths. The amount of activity from the accelerometer showed differences among the horses' behavioral types (lying, standing, walking, and feeding) in the stall, suggesting that it functions in horses. In the pasture, the amount of activity was correlated with GPS movement speed. Then, we tried to establish restricted cubic spline regression models to predict the locomotion speed in the pasture based on the amount of activity, but the prediction accuracy was low. This study showed that PLUS CYCLE^® can be used to monitor horse activity amount during the daily management of individual horses. However, to achieve higher precision in monitoring detailed behaviors, additional investigation and data pertaining to the amount of activity for each horse during rearing in different environments are needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":35701,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Equine Science","volume":"35 4","pages":"47-55"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11634534/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142819431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DNA barcoding of <i>Anoplocephala perfoliata</i> derived from a draft horse (Ban'ei horse) in Hokkaido, Japan.","authors":"Mizuki Sasaki, Natsuko Fukumoto, Shinya Fukumoto","doi":"10.1294/jes.35.43","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1294/jes.35.43","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A two-year-old male Japanese draft horse (known as a \"Ban'ei horse\") excreted eight cestodes. Based on their morphological features, they were identified as Anoplocephala perfoliata. The partial mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COI) sequences of the worms were nearly identical to A. perfoliata isolated from horses in Europe. The results of phylogenetic analyses of COI revealed that our samples and the European isolates formed the same clade, which was separate from Chinese and Australian isolates. Ban'ei horses were developed by crossbreeding draft horses imported from European countries in the 1900s. Our results suggest that A. perfoliata was transported to Hokkaido with horses from Europe. To our knowledge, this is the first report of A. perfoliata infection in a Japanese draft horse.</p>","PeriodicalId":35701,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Equine Science","volume":"35 3","pages":"43-46"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11473121/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142476551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Total intravenous anesthesia with propofol-ketamine-xylazine with or without remifentanil in thoroughbred horses undergoing castration.","authors":"Tasuku Otsuka, Masanari Araki, Hiroshi Mita, Yoshinori Kambayashi, Eiru Yoshihara, Minoru Ohta","doi":"10.1294/jes.35.35","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1294/jes.35.35","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We evaluated the clinical efficacy of total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) with propofol-ketamine-xylazine (PKX) with or without remifentanil for castration in horses. Twenty-four Thoroughbred horses were premedicated with intravenous (IV) xylazine (1.0 mg/kg) and midazolam (0.02 mg/kg) and anesthetized with IV ketamine (1.5 mg/kg) and propofol (1.0 mg/kg). Surgical anesthesia was maintained with constant infusion of propofol (3.0 mg/kg/hr)-ketamine (3.0 mg/kg/hr)-xylazine (1.0 mg/kg/hr) (group PKX: n=8), PKX combined with remifentanil (3.0 µg/kg/hr) (group PKXR3: n=8), or PKX combined with remifentanil (6.0 µg/kg/hr) (group PKXR6: n=8). During anesthesia, none of the horses showed any limb movements, but five, two, and two horses in the PKX, PKXR3, and PKXR6 groups, respectively, showed cremaster muscle contractions. One horse in the PKX group required doubling the PKX infusion rate to continue surgery. Adverse effects of remifentanil (trembling of the nose tip or tongue) were observed in one and three horses in the PKXR3 and PKXR6 groups, respectively. Heart rate and arterial blood pressure were well maintained in all groups. Ventilation was assisted in four, five, and six horses in the PKX, PKXR3, and PKXR6 groups, respectively. Recovery scores in the PKX group were fair in one horse, good in three horses, and excellent in four horses, whereas recovery in all horses in the PKXR3 and PKXR6 groups was judged to be excellent. TIVA with PKX combined with remifentanil 3.0 µg/kg/hr could provide more sufficient anesthetic depth than PKX with fewer clinically significant adverse effects than that with remifentanil 6.0 µg/kg/hr.</p>","PeriodicalId":35701,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Equine Science","volume":"35 3","pages":"35-41"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11473122/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142476552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Radiographic texture of the trabecular bone of the proximal phalanx in horses with metacarpophalangeal osteoarthritis.","authors":"Lorena de Oliveira Pereira, Anderson Fernando DE Souza, Julio David Spagnolo, Ana Lúcia Miluzzi Yamada, Daniela Miranda Richarte de Andrade Salgado, André Luis do Valle DE Zoppa","doi":"10.1294/jes.35.21","DOIUrl":"10.1294/jes.35.21","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Osteoarthritis (OA) is a prevalent condition in horses, leading to changes in trabecular bone structure and radiographic texture. Although fractal dimension (FD) and lacunarity have been applied to quantify these changes in humans, their application in horses remains nascent. This study evaluated the use of FD, bone area fraction (BA/TA), and lacunarity in quantifying trabecular bone differences in the proximal phalanx (P1) in 50 radiographic examinations of equine metacarpophalangeal joints with varying OA degrees. In the dorsopalmar view, regions of interest were defined in the trabecular bone of the proximal epiphysis, medial and lateral to the sagittal groove of P1. Lower BA/TA values were observed medially in horses with severe OA (P=0.003). No significant differences in FD and lacunarity were found across OA degrees (P>0.1). FD, BA/TA, and lacunarity were not effective in identifying radiographic texture changes in the P1 trabecular bone in horses with different metacarpophalangeal OA degrees.</p>","PeriodicalId":35701,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Equine Science","volume":"35 2","pages":"21-28"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11219155/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141499211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Can Nigerian horse owners effectively estimate body condition and cresty neck scores?","authors":"Olumide Odunayo Akinniyi, Philip Wayuta Mshelia, Richard Emmanuel Edeh","doi":"10.1294/jes.35.9","DOIUrl":"10.1294/jes.35.9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A horse's body condition impacts every aspect of its life, including reproduction, performance, and health. Obesity and equine metabolic syndrome (EMS) are common in Nigeria; hence, early identification of a horse's obesity status by the owner is key to avoiding associated health issues such as EMS. Our study aimed to determine whether horse owners could effectively estimate their horses' body condition scores (BCSs) and cresty neck scores (CNSs). A total of 50 adult sedentary West African Barb horses owned by 50 different people were enrolled in the study. Body condition scores (BCSs) and cresty neck scores (CNSs) were assessed on scales of 1-9 and 0-5, respectively, by an experienced veterinarian and owners. The latter had no veterinary background, received no prior education, and assessed their horses based on provided visual aids and descriptions. The BCS estimates of the experienced veterinarian and owners were slightly in agreement (k=0.209), while there was moderate agreement (k=0.547) between the CNS estimates of the experienced veterinarian and the owners. The proportion of obesity based on the experienced veterinarian's estimation (32%) was higher than that of the owners (18%). The proportion of nuchal crest adiposity based on the experienced veterinarian's (38%) estimation was slightly lower than that of the owners (42%). A larger proportion of the owners underestimated their horses' BCSs and CNSs. We conclude that owners cannot effectively estimate their horses' BCSs and CNSs. It is imperative that they are informed about the health issues associated with obesity and are taught how to effectively estimate BCS and CNS.</p>","PeriodicalId":35701,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Equine Science","volume":"35 1","pages":"9-14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10955270/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140207760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Non-suppurative and necrotizing testicular arteritis in the male reproductive organs of a heavy draft horse.","authors":"Yusuke Tanaka, Kenichi Watanabe, Akiko Takeyama, Masaaki Tagami, Hayato Hamano, Natsuko Fukumoto, Yasuo Nambo, Yoshiyasu Kobayashi","doi":"10.1294/jes.35.15","DOIUrl":"10.1294/jes.35.15","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Equine testicular arteritis commonly occurs as a consequence of the migration of nematode larvae or equine arteritis virus (EAV) infection. However, testicular arteritis without evidence of these infections has been reported, and the underlying pathogenesis remains unclear. We encountered testicular arteritis without evidence of nematode or EAV infection in a 3-year-old male heavy draft horse with scrotal enlargement. Grossly, the volume of the pampiniform plexus was markedly increased due to edema. Histologically, non-suppurative and necrotizing testicular arteritis, characterized by lymphocyte infiltration and fibrinoid necrosis of the arterial walls, was diffusely observed in the spermatic cord, pampiniform plexus (most severe), testis, and epididymis. We were unable to identify the cause of arteritis, such as a viral infection or autoimmune abnormality.</p>","PeriodicalId":35701,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Equine Science","volume":"35 1","pages":"15-19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10955268/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140207761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}