Journal of Equine Science最新文献

{"title":"Prevalence of post-race exertional heat illness in Thoroughbred racehorses and climate conditions at racecourses in Japan.","authors":"Motoi Nomura,&nbsp;Tomoki Shiose,&nbsp;Yuhiro Ishikawa,&nbsp;Fumiaki Mizobe,&nbsp;Satoshi Sakai,&nbsp;Kanichi Kusano","doi":"10.1294/jes.30.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1294/jes.30.17","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Despite growing recognition of post-race exertional heat illness (EHI) in the horse racing industry, reports on its prevalence are limited. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of post-race EHI and climate conditions at racecourses in Japan. The overall prevalence of EHI from 1999 to 2018 was 0.04% (387 cases for 975,247 starters) in races operated by the Japan Racing Association (JRA). The yearly prevalence has been increasing, exceeding 0.07% in the last four years of the studied period. The overall prevalence in summer (May-September) was 0.086% (352 cases for 409,908 starters). The monthly prevalence varied among the 10 JRA racecourses, which are distributed from latitude 34 to 43°N, ranging from no cases to 0.459%. During summer, prevalence of post-race EHI was high when the mean monthly ambient temperature was high at a racecourse. To evaluate climate conditions, we investigated the wet-bulb globe temperature (WBGT, °C) from 9 AM to 5 PM on sunny race days in July and August of 2017 and 2018 at three racecourses with a high prevalence of EHI among the 10 racecourses. The durations of time during which WBGT was between 28 and 33°C at these three courses were 95, 94, and 65% of the minutes measured, respectively. This result indicated that most races on the sunny summer days were held when WBGT was between 28 and 33°C at the three racecourses. These findings could be useful in developing the appropriate countermeasures to be taken during hot weather at each of the studied racecourses.</p>","PeriodicalId":35701,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Equine Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1294/jes.30.17","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37406412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic analysis of Taishu horses on and off Tsushima Island: Implications for conservation.","authors":"Ayumi Tezuka,&nbsp;Masaki Takasu,&nbsp;Teruaki Tozaki,&nbsp;Atsushi J Nagano","doi":"10.1294/jes.30.33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1294/jes.30.33","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Taishu horses are a native Japanese breed, of which only 41 individuals remained on Tsushima Island in 2018. Their genetic diversity is considered lower than that of other Japanese native horse breeds; thus, it needs to be investigated for sustainable conservation of this breed. Historical records revealed that several Taishu individuals were released areas off-Tsushima Island in mid-1980s. At present, Taishu horses living outside of Tsushima Island, hereafter referred to as Non-Tsushima Taishus (NTTs), are tagged. However, the genetic structure of the NTT individuals remains unclear, and such individuals are not included in the current mating plans for Taishu horses. Herein, we examined the genetic structure of 18 NTT individuals by comparing their genomic (SNP) information with that of individuals on Tsushima Island (TT), four other native Japanese breeds, and one Anglo-Arabian breed by using ddRAD-seq. We found that all individuals related to the Taishu can be grouped in one cluster, which was separated from other horse breeds. Patterns of specific and shared SNPs in NTT individuals closely resembled those of TT individuals, suggesting very minor genetic differences. Meanwhile, the heterozygosity of NTT individuals was slightly higher than that of TT individuals, and many NTT individuals were of fertile age, suggesting that the pedigree of NTT individuals would be useful in breed conservation plans for Taishu horses. Based on their genomic information, we also reconstructed the pedigree structures of four NTT individuals with no family information. The inclusion of NTT individuals in future mating plans on Tsushima Island may be an effective and feasible method for conserving the Taishu horse breed in Japan.</p>","PeriodicalId":35701,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Equine Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1294/jes.30.33","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37406414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A retrospective comparison of induction with thiopental/guaifenesin and propofol/ketamine in Thoroughbred racehorses anesthetized with sevoflurane and medetomidine during arthroscopic surgery.","authors":"Hirotaka Tokushige,&nbsp;Masanari Araki,&nbsp;Kanichi Kusano,&nbsp;Daisuke Arima,&nbsp;Hideki Ito,&nbsp;Yosuke Yamazaki,&nbsp;Shuntaro Urayama,&nbsp;Yoshinori Kambayashi,&nbsp;Oki Tateno,&nbsp;Minoru Ohta","doi":"10.1294/jes.30.25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1294/jes.30.25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study compares clinical characteristics between induction with thiopental/guaifenesin and propofol/ketamine in Thoroughbred racehorses anesthetized with sevoflurane and medetomidine. Clinical records of 214 horses that underwent arthroscopic surgery between 2015 and 2016 were retrospectively retrieved. Horses were premedicated with medetomidine and midazolam to sedate at the adequate level for smooth induction, and then induced with either thiopental (4.0 mg/kg) and guaifenesin (100 mg/kg) in Group TG (n=91) or propofol (1.0 mg/kg) and ketamine (1.0 mg/kg) in Group PK (n=123). Anesthesia was maintained using sevoflurane with constant rate infusion of medetomidine. Quality of induction/recovery, sevoflurane requirement, cardiovascular function and recovery characteristics were evaluated. Anesthetic induction scores (median, range) for Group TG (5, 2-5) and Group PK (5, 2-5) were not significantly different. There were no significant differences in end-tidal sevoflurane concentration (mean ± standard deviation) between Group TG and Group PK (both 2.4 ± 0.2%). Dobutamine infusion rate (µg/kg/min) required for keeping mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) above 70 mmHg in Group PK (0.43, 0.10-1.40) was significantly lower than in Group TG (0.67, 0.08-1.56). Recovery score in Group PK (5, 2-5) was significantly higher than in Group TG (4, 2-5). Both propofol/ketamine and thiopental/guaifenesin provided a smooth induction of anesthesia. Moreover, induction with propofol/ketamine resulted in lower dobutamine requirements for keeping MAP above 70 mmHg during maintenance, and better quality of recovery. Induction with propofol/ketamine would be preferable to thiopental/guaifenesin in Thoroughbred racehorses anesthetized with sevoflurane and medetomidine during arthroscopic surgery.</p>","PeriodicalId":35701,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Equine Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1294/jes.30.25","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37406413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surgical corrections and postsurgical complications of epiglottic entrapment in Thoroughbreds: 12 cases (2009-2015).","authors":"Sang-Kyu Lee,&nbsp;Inhyung Lee","doi":"10.1294/jes.30.41","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1294/jes.30.41","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Twelve Thoroughbred racehorses were diagnosed as epiglottic entrapment at the Korea Racing Authority equine hospital. Four different surgical correction techniques were used to treat epiglottic entrapment: the transnasal hook bistoury, transoral unshielded hook bistoury, transnasal shielded hook bistoury, and transendoscopic laser techniques. Eleven cases were surgically resolved eventually, with one case of recurrence. Five complications related to surgical correction occurred: a severe nasal passage laceration and bleeding (n=1), epiglottic laceration (n=1), epiglottis tip burns (n=2), and moderate nasal passage laceration (n=1). Intraoperative complications occurred in approximately 41.7% of cases. Thus, the possibility of surgical complication should be considered thoroughly when choosing a surgical technique for correction of epiglottic entrapment.</p>","PeriodicalId":35701,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Equine Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1294/jes.30.41","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37406415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using next-generation sequencing to determine diversity of horse intestinal worms: identifying the equine 'nemabiome'.","authors":"Catriona J Mitchell,&nbsp;Catherine M O'Sullivan,&nbsp;Eric Pinloche,&nbsp;Toby Wilkinson,&nbsp;Russell M Morphew,&nbsp;Neil R McEwan","doi":"10.1294/jes.30.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1294/jes.30.1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Next-generation sequencing of DNA from nematode eggs has been utilised to give the first account of the equine 'nemabiome'. In all equine faecal samples investigated, multiple species of Strongylidae were detected, ranging from 7.5 (SEM 0.79) with 99+% identity to sequences in the NCBI database to 13.3 (SEM 0.80) with 90+% identity. This range is typical of the number of species described previously in morphological studies using large quantities of digesta per animal. However, the current method is non-invasive; relies on DNA analysis, avoiding the need for specialist microscopy identification; and can be carried out with small samples, providing significant advantages over current methods.</p>","PeriodicalId":35701,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Equine Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1294/jes.30.1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37119327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Thoroughbred racehorse with a unicortical palmar lateral condylar fracture returned to training 14 days after surgery: a hypothesis on the role of a single bone screw on crack propagation.","authors":"Holly R Brown,&nbsp;John G Peloso,&nbsp;Will Clay- Werner,&nbsp;John J Mecholsky,&nbsp;Noah D Cohen,&nbsp;James B Vogler","doi":"10.1294/jes.30.7","DOIUrl":"10.1294/jes.30.7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A 2-year-old Thoroughbred racehorse had LF lameness that began post high-speed exercise and persisted for two days before the horse once again became sound. Diagnostic analgesia localized the lameness to the LF distal metacarpus, and a standing MRI identified a unicortical condylar fracture. A single 5.5 mm cortical screw was placed in lag fashion. The horse began hand walking at 14 days, racetrack jogging at 30 days, and racing at 5 months after the day of surgery. Placement of a single lag screw ahead of the tip of the crack in unicortical condylar fracture may be useful for reducing the recovery period for horses returning to training and racing.</p>","PeriodicalId":35701,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Equine Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1294/jes.30.7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37119328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Markers for oxidative stress in the synovial fluid of Thoroughbred horses with carpal bone fracture.","authors":"Nao Tsuzuki,&nbsp;Yoshinori Kanbayashi,&nbsp;Kanichi Kusano","doi":"10.1294/jes.30.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1294/jes.30.13","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Arthritis is thought to cause oxidative stress in synovial fluid in humans, but there have been few reports in horses. To evaluate oxidative stress in synovial fluid in horses, this study used 19 horses with unilateral fracture of the carpal joint bone. Synovial fluid was collected from the carpal joint on the fracture (arthritis group) and contralateral (control group) sides. Diacron-reactive oxygen metabolites (d-ROMs) and biological antioxidant potential (BAP) were then measured, and the oxidative stress index (OSI) was calculated. d-ROMs and OSI of the arthritis group were significantly higher than the control group. BAP of the arthritis group was significantly lower than the control group. Thus, this study revealed that oxidative stress develops in the synovial fluid of horses during arthritis.</p>","PeriodicalId":35701,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Equine Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/c4/2f/jes-30-013.PMC6445753.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37119329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk factors for superficial digital flexor tendinopathy in Thoroughbred racing horses in Japan.","authors":"Yoko Ikeda,&nbsp;Akikazu Ishihara,&nbsp;Masahiko Nakajima,&nbsp;Kazutaka Yamada","doi":"10.1294/jes.30.93","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1294/jes.30.93","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Thoroughbred racehorses are commonly affected with superficial digital flexor (SDF) tendinopathy. This study aimed to identify risk factors for SDF tendinopathy in racing horses. The authors selected racehorses (n=292) with SDF tendinopathy from the medical records of a racetrack. As a risk factor associated with track-related variables, the SDF tendinopathy odds ratio (OR) was significantly high for a sloppy track surface compared with a standard track surface. Regarding risk factors associated with race-related variables, the SDF tendinopathy OR was significantly high in the following cases: when the order of arrival was worse than or equal to the 10th place; when the racehorses started to run a short race and when the racehorses' favourites were worse than or equal to the 8th place. Regarding risk factors associated with racehorse-related variables, the body weight of racehorses with SDF tendinopathy was significantly heavier than that of control horses. When there was a decrease in body weight since previous racing, the SDF tendinopathy OR was significantly high. Regarding risk factors associated with race career-related variables, when the charge in the race distance was short, the SDF tendinopathy OR was significantly high. As a countermeasure to prevent SDF tendinopathy, a sloppy track surface should be avoided during the race by guiding the horse toward to more solid track surface. Selecting long-distance races with slow speed, if possible, could reduce the risk of SDF tendinopathy.</p>","PeriodicalId":35701,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Equine Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1294/jes.30.93","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37487061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationship between the presence of intrauterine fluid and cervical bacteria in heavy draft mares before and after mating.","authors":"Akiko Chiba,&nbsp;Yukari Ujiie,&nbsp;Takahiro Aoki","doi":"10.1294/jes.30.75","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1294/jes.30.75","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>While intrauterine fluid (IUF) is observed as mucous in healthy mares during estrus, the presence of IUF during diestrus is an indicator of endometritis. Mating induces endometrial inflammation in healthy mares, called mating-induced endometritis, that disappears within 1-2 days after mating. On the other hand, it is also known that IUF remaining beyond 12 hr after mating can cause persistent inflammation, bacterial growth, and decreased fertility. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the presence of IUF and cervical bacteria before and after mating. Mares were classified into three groups based on the degree of IUF: Grade 1 (G1), neither IUF nor echogenic lines at the inner lining of the uterus; Grade 2 (G2), small amount of IUF (<0.5 cm in diameter) or an echogenic lines in the intrauterine cavity; and Grade 3 (G3), obvious IUF (≥0.5 cm in diameter). The positive culture rates of G1, G2, and G3 mares before mating were 15.8% (n=6/38), 25.9% (n=7/27), and 31.8% (n=14/44), respectively, and did not differ significantly between the groups. After mating, the positive culture rates of G1, G2, and G3 mares were 18.2% (n=2/11), 56.1% (n=23/41), and 72.3% (n=34/47), respectively. The positive culture rates were significantly higher in G2 (P<0.05) and G3 (P<0.01) mares compared with G1 mares. These results from after mating suggest that not only mares with obvious IUF but also those with a small amount of IUF (<0.5 cm in diameter) or echogenic lines in the intrauterine cavity are at risk of mating-induced endometritis.</p>","PeriodicalId":35701,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Equine Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1294/jes.30.75","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37487058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surgical management of penile sarcoid in a stallion.","authors":"Aram Saadi,&nbsp;Saeed Azizi,&nbsp;Amir-Abbas Farshid,&nbsp;Alireza Yousefi","doi":"10.1294/jes.30.99","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1294/jes.30.99","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This report describes surgical management and breeding implications of a case of penile sarcoid associated with penis laceration in a 4-year-old Kurdish stallion. A large fleshy mass on the distal end of the penis that resulted in urethral meatus deviation and dysuria was detected in a physical examination. No evidence of local extent or metastasis was detected. Under general anaesthesia, the involved distal portion of the penis was removed through partial phallectomy. Histopathological examination of the mass confirmed a fibroblastic sarcoid. Partial phallectomy was successful for management of penile sarcoid and resulted in no postoperative complications or tumour recurrence in long-term follow up; however, successful ejaculation and semen collection have not been achieved.</p>","PeriodicalId":35701,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Equine Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/4e/3d/jes-30-099.PMC6920054.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37487062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}