Journal of Equine Science最新文献

{"title":"DKK2 Impairs Tumor Immunity Infiltration and Correlates with Poor Prognosis in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma.","authors":"Jianyu Yang, Yongsheng Jiang, Ruizhe He, Wei Liu, Minwei Yang, Lingye Tao, Xueliang Fu, Yang Shen, Jiao Li, Dejun Liu, Yanmiao Huo, Junfeng Zhang, Rong Hua, Zhigang Zhang, Yongwei Sun","doi":"10.1155/2019/8656282","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2019/8656282","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains one of the most devastating cancer types despite the improvement of modern medicine. In our present study, we found that dickkopf-related protein 2 (DKK2) shares a higher expression in PDAC compared with adjacent pancreas tissue in tissue microarray. In addition, an elevated expression of DKK2 predicts poorer prognosis of patients and positively correlated with poor tumor differentiation. Multivariate Cox regression analysis was also performed and confirmed that the expression of DKK2 is an independent prognostic factor in PDAC. A high expression of DKK2 correlates with cell migration and epithelial mesenchymal transition based on gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) while knockdown of DKK2 in PDAC cells resulted in impaired cellular migration. Furthermore, GSEA predicts negative correlation between tumor immunity invasion and DKK2 expression. We then confirmed these results and demonstrated that a higher expression of DKK2 imparts the recruitment of CD8⁺ T cells. Our work suggested that DKK2 imparts tumor immune evasion and is associated with poor prognosis in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.</p>","PeriodicalId":35701,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Equine Science","volume":"12 1","pages":"8656282"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2019-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2019/8656282","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88440069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli isolated from healthy Thoroughbred racehorses in Japan","authors":"E. Sukmawinata, Wataru Sato, Shuya Mitoma, T. Kanda, K. Kusano, Yoshinori Kambayashi, Takashi Sato, Y. Ishikawa, Y. Goto, R. Uemura, M. Sueyoshi","doi":"10.1294/jes.30.47","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1294/jes.30.47","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli (ESBLEC) have become a major health concern in both human and veterinary medicine. These bacteria could become a critical problem in equine medicine due to the limited number of antimicrobial drugs available. However, there are no previous reports of ESBLEC isolated from horses in Japan. The objectives of this study were to investigate the occurrence of ESBLEC isolated from feces in healthy Thoroughbred racehorses in Japan. Feces samples were collected from 147 healthy Thoroughbred racehorses by equine veterinarians at the Japan Racing Association (103 from Miho Training Center and 44 from Ritto Training Center) between March 2017 and April 2018. Samples were screened for ESBLECs using MacConkey agar supplemented with 1 µg/ml cefotaxime. Detection of ESBL genes was performed by PCR and confirmed by DNA sequencing. Horizontal transmission was demonstrated by conjugation assay. In this study, 24 ESBLECs were isolated from twelve horse feces samples (8.2%). All ESBLECs harbored blaCTX-M-2, and both blaTEM-1 and blaCTX-M-2 were detected in nine isolates (37.5%). ESBLECs showed resistance to all β-lactam antibiotics (100%) tested, followed by trimethoprim (66.7%), streptomycin (62.5%), tetracycline (25.0%), and oxytetracycline (25.0%). Horizontal transmission was successfully demonstrated by conjugation assay in eight of 13 isolates, and blaCTX-M-2 was detected by PCR in all transconjugants. This study showed that racehorses in Japan are potential reservoirs of ESBLECs.","PeriodicalId":35701,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Equine Science","volume":"30 1","pages":"47 - 53"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1294/jes.30.47","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41939383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Total serum protein reference value as a clinical diagnostic index of equine proliferative enteropathy","authors":"Yasushi Ueno, R. Uemura, H. Niwa, T. Higuchi, S. Sekiguchi, Y. Sasaki, M. Sueyoshi","doi":"10.1294/jes.30.63","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1294/jes.30.63","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Equine proliferative enteropathy (EPE) caused by Lawsonia intracellularis is characterized by hypoproteinemia. There are currently no reliable reports that provide a reference value for the total serum protein (TP) concentration to clinically diagnose EPE. The objective of this study was to statistically determine the reference value. Feces and sera of 99 foals with EPE-like clinical signs and of 35 healthy foals were obtained. The samples were used for specific-gene detection of L. intracellularis, TP measurement, and specific-antibody detection against L. intracellularis. Based on these results, the optimal reference value for the TP concentration as a clinical diagnostic index of EPE was found to be ≤ 4.8 g/dl. This clinical diagnostic index will provide an effective approach for diagnosing EPE.","PeriodicalId":35701,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Equine Science","volume":"30 1","pages":"63 - 67"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1294/jes.30.63","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45351896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reference values of hematological and blood biochemical parameters for the Noma horse","authors":"Tetsushi Ono, Yutaka Yamada, A. Hata, Takako Shimokawa Miyama, K. Shibano, Eri Iwata, Emi Ohzawa, H. Kitagawa","doi":"10.1294/jes.30.69","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1294/jes.30.69","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The Noma horse is a Japanese breed from the Noma region of Imabari City, Ehime Prefecture. To obtain reference hematological and biochemical values, we performed examinations in 39 clinically healthy, mature Noma horses managed at the Imabari public ranch. Hematological and biochemical results of Noma horses were close to the normal ranges of horses in the U.S.A. The erythrocyte parameters and hepatobiliary enzyme levels in Noma and Kiso horses were lower than those in Japanese racehorses. Noma horses showed higher erythrocyte parameters and triglyceride concentrations and a lower creatinine concentration compared with those in Kiso horses. These data represent the first report of reference values for Noma horses and may be useful to improve their management.","PeriodicalId":35701,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Equine Science","volume":"30 1","pages":"69 - 73"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1294/jes.30.69","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42561277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of metabolomic changes in horse plasma after racing by liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry as a strategy for doping testing","authors":"Toshiki Ueda, T. Tozaki, S. Nozawa, K. Kinoshita, H. Gawahara","doi":"10.1294/jes.30.55","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1294/jes.30.55","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Recently, the illegal use of novel technologies, such as gene and cell therapies, has become a great concern for the horseracing industry. As a potential way to control this, metabolomics approaches that comprehensively analyze metabolites in biological samples have been gaining attention. However, it may be difficult to identify metabolic biomarkers for doping because physiological conditions generally differ between resting and exercise states in horses. To understand the metabolic differences in horse plasma between the resting state at training centres and the sample collection stage after racing for doping test (SAD), we took plasma samples from these two stages (n=30 for each stage) and compared the metabolites present in these samples by liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry. This analysis identified 5,010 peaks, of which 1,256 peaks (approximately 25%) were annotated using KEGG analysis. Principal component analysis showed that the resting state and SAD groups had entirely different metabolite compositions. In particular, the levels of inosine, xanthosine, uric acid, and allantoin, which are induced by extensive exercise, were significantly increased in the SAD group. In addition, many metabolites not affected by extensive exercise were also identified. These results will contribute to the discovery of biomarkers for detecting doping substances that cannot be detected by conventional methods.","PeriodicalId":35701,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Equine Science","volume":"30 1","pages":"55 - 61"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1294/jes.30.55","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44479046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of post-race exertional heat illness in Thoroughbred racehorses and climate conditions at racecourses in Japan.","authors":"Motoi Nomura,&nbsp;Tomoki Shiose,&nbsp;Yuhiro Ishikawa,&nbsp;Fumiaki Mizobe,&nbsp;Satoshi Sakai,&nbsp;Kanichi Kusano","doi":"10.1294/jes.30.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1294/jes.30.17","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Despite growing recognition of post-race exertional heat illness (EHI) in the horse racing industry, reports on its prevalence are limited. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of post-race EHI and climate conditions at racecourses in Japan. The overall prevalence of EHI from 1999 to 2018 was 0.04% (387 cases for 975,247 starters) in races operated by the Japan Racing Association (JRA). The yearly prevalence has been increasing, exceeding 0.07% in the last four years of the studied period. The overall prevalence in summer (May-September) was 0.086% (352 cases for 409,908 starters). The monthly prevalence varied among the 10 JRA racecourses, which are distributed from latitude 34 to 43°N, ranging from no cases to 0.459%. During summer, prevalence of post-race EHI was high when the mean monthly ambient temperature was high at a racecourse. To evaluate climate conditions, we investigated the wet-bulb globe temperature (WBGT, °C) from 9 AM to 5 PM on sunny race days in July and August of 2017 and 2018 at three racecourses with a high prevalence of EHI among the 10 racecourses. The durations of time during which WBGT was between 28 and 33°C at these three courses were 95, 94, and 65% of the minutes measured, respectively. This result indicated that most races on the sunny summer days were held when WBGT was between 28 and 33°C at the three racecourses. These findings could be useful in developing the appropriate countermeasures to be taken during hot weather at each of the studied racecourses.</p>","PeriodicalId":35701,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Equine Science","volume":"30 2","pages":"17-23"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1294/jes.30.17","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37406412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic analysis of Taishu horses on and off Tsushima Island: Implications for conservation.","authors":"Ayumi Tezuka,&nbsp;Masaki Takasu,&nbsp;Teruaki Tozaki,&nbsp;Atsushi J Nagano","doi":"10.1294/jes.30.33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1294/jes.30.33","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Taishu horses are a native Japanese breed, of which only 41 individuals remained on Tsushima Island in 2018. Their genetic diversity is considered lower than that of other Japanese native horse breeds; thus, it needs to be investigated for sustainable conservation of this breed. Historical records revealed that several Taishu individuals were released areas off-Tsushima Island in mid-1980s. At present, Taishu horses living outside of Tsushima Island, hereafter referred to as Non-Tsushima Taishus (NTTs), are tagged. However, the genetic structure of the NTT individuals remains unclear, and such individuals are not included in the current mating plans for Taishu horses. Herein, we examined the genetic structure of 18 NTT individuals by comparing their genomic (SNP) information with that of individuals on Tsushima Island (TT), four other native Japanese breeds, and one Anglo-Arabian breed by using ddRAD-seq. We found that all individuals related to the Taishu can be grouped in one cluster, which was separated from other horse breeds. Patterns of specific and shared SNPs in NTT individuals closely resembled those of TT individuals, suggesting very minor genetic differences. Meanwhile, the heterozygosity of NTT individuals was slightly higher than that of TT individuals, and many NTT individuals were of fertile age, suggesting that the pedigree of NTT individuals would be useful in breed conservation plans for Taishu horses. Based on their genomic information, we also reconstructed the pedigree structures of four NTT individuals with no family information. The inclusion of NTT individuals in future mating plans on Tsushima Island may be an effective and feasible method for conserving the Taishu horse breed in Japan.</p>","PeriodicalId":35701,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Equine Science","volume":"30 2","pages":"33-40"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1294/jes.30.33","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37406414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A retrospective comparison of induction with thiopental/guaifenesin and propofol/ketamine in Thoroughbred racehorses anesthetized with sevoflurane and medetomidine during arthroscopic surgery.","authors":"Hirotaka Tokushige,&nbsp;Masanari Araki,&nbsp;Kanichi Kusano,&nbsp;Daisuke Arima,&nbsp;Hideki Ito,&nbsp;Yosuke Yamazaki,&nbsp;Shuntaro Urayama,&nbsp;Yoshinori Kambayashi,&nbsp;Oki Tateno,&nbsp;Minoru Ohta","doi":"10.1294/jes.30.25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1294/jes.30.25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study compares clinical characteristics between induction with thiopental/guaifenesin and propofol/ketamine in Thoroughbred racehorses anesthetized with sevoflurane and medetomidine. Clinical records of 214 horses that underwent arthroscopic surgery between 2015 and 2016 were retrospectively retrieved. Horses were premedicated with medetomidine and midazolam to sedate at the adequate level for smooth induction, and then induced with either thiopental (4.0 mg/kg) and guaifenesin (100 mg/kg) in Group TG (n=91) or propofol (1.0 mg/kg) and ketamine (1.0 mg/kg) in Group PK (n=123). Anesthesia was maintained using sevoflurane with constant rate infusion of medetomidine. Quality of induction/recovery, sevoflurane requirement, cardiovascular function and recovery characteristics were evaluated. Anesthetic induction scores (median, range) for Group TG (5, 2-5) and Group PK (5, 2-5) were not significantly different. There were no significant differences in end-tidal sevoflurane concentration (mean ± standard deviation) between Group TG and Group PK (both 2.4 ± 0.2%). Dobutamine infusion rate (µg/kg/min) required for keeping mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) above 70 mmHg in Group PK (0.43, 0.10-1.40) was significantly lower than in Group TG (0.67, 0.08-1.56). Recovery score in Group PK (5, 2-5) was significantly higher than in Group TG (4, 2-5). Both propofol/ketamine and thiopental/guaifenesin provided a smooth induction of anesthesia. Moreover, induction with propofol/ketamine resulted in lower dobutamine requirements for keeping MAP above 70 mmHg during maintenance, and better quality of recovery. Induction with propofol/ketamine would be preferable to thiopental/guaifenesin in Thoroughbred racehorses anesthetized with sevoflurane and medetomidine during arthroscopic surgery.</p>","PeriodicalId":35701,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Equine Science","volume":"30 2","pages":"25-31"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1294/jes.30.25","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37406413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surgical corrections and postsurgical complications of epiglottic entrapment in Thoroughbreds: 12 cases (2009-2015).","authors":"Sang-Kyu Lee,&nbsp;Inhyung Lee","doi":"10.1294/jes.30.41","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1294/jes.30.41","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Twelve Thoroughbred racehorses were diagnosed as epiglottic entrapment at the Korea Racing Authority equine hospital. Four different surgical correction techniques were used to treat epiglottic entrapment: the transnasal hook bistoury, transoral unshielded hook bistoury, transnasal shielded hook bistoury, and transendoscopic laser techniques. Eleven cases were surgically resolved eventually, with one case of recurrence. Five complications related to surgical correction occurred: a severe nasal passage laceration and bleeding (n=1), epiglottic laceration (n=1), epiglottis tip burns (n=2), and moderate nasal passage laceration (n=1). Intraoperative complications occurred in approximately 41.7% of cases. Thus, the possibility of surgical complication should be considered thoroughly when choosing a surgical technique for correction of epiglottic entrapment.</p>","PeriodicalId":35701,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Equine Science","volume":"30 2","pages":"41-45"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1294/jes.30.41","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37406415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using next-generation sequencing to determine diversity of horse intestinal worms: identifying the equine 'nemabiome'.","authors":"Catriona J Mitchell,&nbsp;Catherine M O'Sullivan,&nbsp;Eric Pinloche,&nbsp;Toby Wilkinson,&nbsp;Russell M Morphew,&nbsp;Neil R McEwan","doi":"10.1294/jes.30.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1294/jes.30.1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Next-generation sequencing of DNA from nematode eggs has been utilised to give the first account of the equine 'nemabiome'. In all equine faecal samples investigated, multiple species of Strongylidae were detected, ranging from 7.5 (SEM 0.79) with 99+% identity to sequences in the NCBI database to 13.3 (SEM 0.80) with 90+% identity. This range is typical of the number of species described previously in morphological studies using large quantities of digesta per animal. However, the current method is non-invasive; relies on DNA analysis, avoiding the need for specialist microscopy identification; and can be carried out with small samples, providing significant advantages over current methods.</p>","PeriodicalId":35701,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Equine Science","volume":"30 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1294/jes.30.1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37119327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}