Journal of Equine Science最新文献_第9页

What Are They Thinking? Scientific Horsemanship and the Mind of the Horse 他们在想什么?科学骑术与马的心智

Journal of Equine Science Pub Date : 2020-02-25 DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.91209

I. Whishaw, C. J. Burke

{"title":"What Are They Thinking? Scientific Horsemanship and the Mind of the Horse","authors":"I. Whishaw, C. J. Burke","doi":"10.5772/intechopen.91209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.91209","url":null,"abstract":"Horse behavior in an arena is examined to determine their Umwelt, or point of view. When in an arena singly, horses displayed home base behavior, spending their time near the entrance, and excursion behavior, trips into the arena. At home bases, horses paced against the wall, pushed against the gate, looked out, and rolled. On excursions, they displayed a “sniff, look, and loop” pattern; sniffing the ground on the outward leg, looking with ears forward down the arena at the apex, making a faster return with ears back. When free with a pair mate, the area of its excursions expanded and if a pair mate was tethered at the far end of the arena, a horse shifted its home base to that location. When ridden, horses displayed similar sniff, look, and loop behavior centered toward the entrance. Experiments on memory for the arena showed it was good but was reset each day. A model suggests that behavior is shaped by a spatial gradient, in which stress expands in proportion to distance from home, and an exploratory gradient, in which patrolling is a part of each day’s outing. Science-based horsemanship can provide insight into a horse’s view of its world and is relevant to safe horse handling.","PeriodicalId":35701,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Equine Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74188754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Cardiopulmonary function during supramaximal exercise in hypoxia, normoxia and hyperoxia in Thoroughbred horses. 纯种马在缺氧、常氧和高氧条件下超极限运动时的心肺功能。

Journal of Equine Science Pub Date : 2020-01-01 Epub Date: 2020-12-18 DOI: 10.1294/jes.31.67

Hajime Ohmura, Kazutaka Mukai, Akira Matsui, Toshiyuki Takahashi, James H Jones

{"title":"Cardiopulmonary function during supramaximal exercise in hypoxia, normoxia and hyperoxia in Thoroughbred horses.","authors":"Hajime Ohmura, Kazutaka Mukai, Akira Matsui, Toshiyuki Takahashi, James H Jones","doi":"10.1294/jes.31.67","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1294/jes.31.67","url":null,"abstract":"Supramaximal exercise while inspiring different O2 gases may induce different responses in cardiopulmonary function at the same relative and/or absolute exercise intensity. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of supramaximal exercise in hypoxia, normoxia and hyperoxia on cardiopulmonary function in Thoroughbred horses. Using a crossover design, five well-trained horses were made to run up a 6% grade on a treadmill at supramaximal speeds sustainable for approximately 110 sec (approximately 115% V̇O2max) while breathing normoxic gas (NO, 21% O2) or hypoxic gas (LO, 15.3% O2) in random order. Horses also ran at the same speed, incline and run time as in NO while breathing hyperoxic gas (HONO, 28.8% O2) and as in LO while breathing normoxic gas (NOLO). Runs were on different days, and cardiopulmonary variables were analyzed with repeated-measures ANOVA and the Holm-Šidák method for pairwise comparisons. Supramaximal speeds differed significantly between NO and LO (14.0 ± 0.5 [SD] m/sec vs. 12.6 ± 0.5 m/sec), but run times to exhaustion did not (112 ± 17 sec vs. 103 ± 14 sec). The V̇O2max in NO was higher than that in LO (165 ± 11 vs. 120 ± 15 ml (min× kg)), as was the arterial oxygen tension (66 ± 5 vs. 45 ± 2 Torr). Oxygen consumption was increased in HONO and NOLO compared with the values in NO and LO, respectively. Supramaximal exercise in hypoxia induces more severe hypoxemia and decreases V̇O2max compared with normoxia at the same relative intensity. Conversely, supramaximal exercise in hyperoxia alleviates hypoxemia and increases V̇O2 compared with normoxia at the same absolute intensity.","PeriodicalId":35701,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Equine Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/2c/6e/jes-31-067.PMC7750644.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38763702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Epidemiology of jockey falls and injuries in flat and jump races in Japan (2003-2017). 2003-2017年日本平地和跳台比赛中骑师摔倒和受伤的流行病学研究。

Journal of Equine Science Pub Date : 2020-01-01 Epub Date: 2020-12-18 DOI: 10.1294/jes.31.101

Fumiaki Mizobe, Yuji Takahashi, Kanichi Kusano

引用次数: 3

Optimal double-spin method for maximizing the concentration of platelets in equine platelet-rich plasma. 马富血小板血浆中血小板浓度最大化的最佳双旋法。

Journal of Equine Science Pub Date : 2020-01-01 Epub Date: 2020-12-18 DOI: 10.1294/jes.31.105

Kentaro Fukuda, Atsutoshi Kuwano, Taisuke Kuroda, Norihisa Tamura, Hiroshi Mita, Yuji Okada, Yoshinori Kasashima

引用次数: 1

Antimicrobial resistance profiles and phylogenetic groups of Escherichia coli isolated from healthy Thoroughbred racehorses in Japan. 日本健康纯种赛马分离的大肠杆菌的抗微生物药谱和系统发育类群。

Journal of Equine Science Pub Date : 2020-01-01 Epub Date: 2020-12-18 DOI: 10.1294/jes.31.85

Wataru Sato, Eddy Sukmawinata, Ryoko Uemura, Takuya Kanda, Kanichi Kusano, Yoshinori Kambayashi, Takashi Sato, Yuhiro Ishikawa, Ryohei Toya, Masuo Sueyoshi

{"title":"Antimicrobial resistance profiles and phylogenetic groups of Escherichia coli isolated from healthy Thoroughbred racehorses in Japan.","authors":"Wataru Sato, Eddy Sukmawinata, Ryoko Uemura, Takuya Kanda, Kanichi Kusano, Yoshinori Kambayashi, Takashi Sato, Yuhiro Ishikawa, Ryohei Toya, Masuo Sueyoshi","doi":"10.1294/jes.31.85","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1294/jes.31.85","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, we investigated the occurrence of antimicrobial resistance in commensal Escherichia coli isolated from healthy Thoroughbred (TB) racehorses in Japan. A total of 212 fecal samples were individually collected from TB racehorses from March 2017 to August 2018 at Japan Racing Association training centers. E. coli was isolated by using selective agar media, deoxycholate-hydrogen sulfide-lactose (DHL) and eosin methylene blue (EMB). A total of 417 E. coli isolates were examined against 10 antimicrobial agents by using the broth microdilution method. The 417 E. coli isolates were phylogenetically grouped using a multiplex polymerase chain reaction. The highest proportion of resistance was observed for streptomycin (30.9%, 129/417) followed by ampicillin (19.4%, 81/417), trimethoprim (15.8%, 66/417), tetracycline (8.4%, 35/417), chloramphenicol (2.6%, 11/417), kanamycin (1.2%, 5/417), nalidixic acid (0.5%, 2/417), cefazolin (0.2%, 1/417), colistin (0.2%, 1/417), and gentamycin (0%). Multidrug-resistant (MDR) E. coli was detected in 7.9% (33/417) of isolates. The proportions of resistance against ampicillin, streptomycin, kanamycin, and chloramphenicol and of multidrug-resistant phenotypes in E. coli belonging to phylogenetic group B2 were significantly higher than those of other groups. This study clarified the distribution of antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) E. coli in Japanese racehorses. A continuous monitoring program for antimicrobial resistance is required to control the spread of AMR bacteria in racehorses.","PeriodicalId":35701,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Equine Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/b7/e5/jes-31-085.PMC7750643.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38763704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Abortion and uterine prolapse in a Thoroughbred mare with twin pregnancy: Clinical and laboratory findings and treatment approach. 双胎妊娠的纯种母马流产和子宫脱垂:临床和实验室结果及治疗方法。

Journal of Equine Science Pub Date : 2020-01-01 Epub Date: 2020-12-18 DOI: 10.1294/jes.31.95

Mohammed Alamaary, Ahmad Ali

{"title":"Abortion and uterine prolapse in a Thoroughbred mare with twin pregnancy: Clinical and laboratory findings and treatment approach.","authors":"Mohammed Alamaary, Ahmad Ali","doi":"10.1294/jes.31.95","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1294/jes.31.95","url":null,"abstract":"This report presents a case of uterine prolapse in a Thoroughbred mare. The uterine prolapse occurred after abortion of twins in the eighth month of gestation. The prolapsed uterus was bleeding and congested but not damaged. The placenta was still attached to the endometrium. Blood samples were collected for hematology and for estimation of calcium, progesterone and estrogen. The cervix and clitoris were swabbed for bacteriology. The mare showed a decrease in the number of lymphocytes. The concentrations of estrogen and progesterone seemed normal compared with mares that foaled. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was isolated. The prolapsed uterus was washed with warm normal saline, and the retained placenta was carefully removed. An antibiotic cream was spread on the prolapsed uterus before replacing it. Two-thirds of the upper vulva was transiently sutured. Systemic antibiotics and an anti-inflammatory were administrated for 5 days. After 24 hr, the sutures were removed, and uterine lavage was performed using warmed normal saline for three days. The mare received 20 IU of oxytocin twice a day for three days to aid uterine clearance. A local antibiotic was inserted into the uterus. After treatment, the mare did not show any health disorders. She entered estrus 9 days after abortion and again 10 days later. In conclusion, twin pregnancy in a mare is considered a critical condition that necessitates specific management during early and late pregnancy. Uterine prolapse is an emergency that should be treated in a skilled manner to protect the mare and her future fertility. Calcium deficiency might predispose mares to uterine prolapse.","PeriodicalId":35701,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Equine Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/57/8d/jes-31-095.PMC7750639.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38763706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Whole-genome resequencing using genomic DNA extracted from horsehair roots for gene-doping control in horse sports. 利用从马毛根部提取的基因组DNA进行全基因组重测序，用于赛马运动中的基因兴奋剂控制。

Journal of Equine Science Pub Date : 2020-01-01 Epub Date: 2020-12-18 DOI: 10.1294/jes.31.75

Teruaki Tozaki, Aoi Ohnuma, Mio Kikuchi, Taichiro Ishige, Hironaga Kakoi, Kei-Ichi Hirota, Natasha A Hamilton, Kanichi Kusano, Shun-Ichi Nagata

{"title":"Whole-genome resequencing using genomic DNA extracted from horsehair roots for gene-doping control in horse sports.","authors":"Teruaki Tozaki, Aoi Ohnuma, Mio Kikuchi, Taichiro Ishige, Hironaga Kakoi, Kei-Ichi Hirota, Natasha A Hamilton, Kanichi Kusano, Shun-Ichi Nagata","doi":"10.1294/jes.31.75","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1294/jes.31.75","url":null,"abstract":"Gene doping is prohibited in horseracing and equestrian sports. In previous studies, we developed non-targeted transgene and genome editing detection methods based on whole genome resequencing (WGR) using genomic DNA extracted from whole blood. In this study, we aimed to develop a WGR method using DNA extracts from hair roots. Hair roots are a preferred substrate because their collection is less invasive than blood collection. Hair is also easier to store for long periods of time. Although almost all genomic DNA extracted from hair root samples stored for years at room temperature was degraded, the quality of genomic DNA from samples stored for years at refrigerated temperatures (4-8°C) was maintained. High-molecular-weight genomic DNA was isolated from hair roots using a magnetic silica beads method of extraction, enabling WGR from horsehair root extracts. Nucleotide sequencing results and numbers of single-nucleotide polymorphisms and insertions/deletions concurred with those previously reported for WGR of DNA extracted from whole blood. Therefore, we consider that storing hair samples at refrigerated temperatures prevents degradation of DNA, allowing the detection of gene doping in these samples based on WGR. It is likely this finding will also have a deterrent effect, as it is now possible to test horses with archived samples even if they or their parents are deceased. To our knowledge, this is the first report employing WGR on horsehair roots stored for a long term.","PeriodicalId":35701,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Equine Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/4e/0a/jes-31-075.PMC7750640.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38763703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

An in situ and ultrasound study of Yonaguni ponies revealed the rare finding of the nuchal ligament lamellae from C2-C7. 对Yonaguni小马的原位和超声研究显示了C2-C7的颈韧带片的罕见发现。

Journal of Equine Science Pub Date : 2020-01-01 Epub Date: 2020-12-18 DOI: 10.1294/jes.31.93

Sharon May-Davis, Fumiko Minowa, Wendy Y Brown

引用次数: 2

Extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli isolated from healthy Thoroughbred racehorses in Japan 日本健康纯种赛马产β-内酰胺酶大肠杆菌的广谱分离

Journal of Equine Science Pub Date : 2019-09-01 DOI: 10.1294/jes.30.47

E. Sukmawinata, Wataru Sato, Shuya Mitoma, T. Kanda, K. Kusano, Yoshinori Kambayashi, Takashi Sato, Y. Ishikawa, Y. Goto, R. Uemura, M. Sueyoshi

{"title":"Extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli isolated from healthy Thoroughbred racehorses in Japan","authors":"E. Sukmawinata, Wataru Sato, Shuya Mitoma, T. Kanda, K. Kusano, Yoshinori Kambayashi, Takashi Sato, Y. Ishikawa, Y. Goto, R. Uemura, M. Sueyoshi","doi":"10.1294/jes.30.47","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1294/jes.30.47","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli (ESBLEC) have become a major health concern in both human and veterinary medicine. These bacteria could become a critical problem in equine medicine due to the limited number of antimicrobial drugs available. However, there are no previous reports of ESBLEC isolated from horses in Japan. The objectives of this study were to investigate the occurrence of ESBLEC isolated from feces in healthy Thoroughbred racehorses in Japan. Feces samples were collected from 147 healthy Thoroughbred racehorses by equine veterinarians at the Japan Racing Association (103 from Miho Training Center and 44 from Ritto Training Center) between March 2017 and April 2018. Samples were screened for ESBLECs using MacConkey agar supplemented with 1 µg/ml cefotaxime. Detection of ESBL genes was performed by PCR and confirmed by DNA sequencing. Horizontal transmission was demonstrated by conjugation assay. In this study, 24 ESBLECs were isolated from twelve horse feces samples (8.2%). All ESBLECs harbored blaCTX-M-2, and both blaTEM-1 and blaCTX-M-2 were detected in nine isolates (37.5%). ESBLECs showed resistance to all β-lactam antibiotics (100%) tested, followed by trimethoprim (66.7%), streptomycin (62.5%), tetracycline (25.0%), and oxytetracycline (25.0%). Horizontal transmission was successfully demonstrated by conjugation assay in eight of 13 isolates, and blaCTX-M-2 was detected by PCR in all transconjugants. This study showed that racehorses in Japan are potential reservoirs of ESBLECs.","PeriodicalId":35701,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Equine Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1294/jes.30.47","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41939383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 11

Total serum protein reference value as a clinical diagnostic index of equine proliferative enteropathy 血清总蛋白作为马增生性肠病临床诊断指标的参考值

Journal of Equine Science Pub Date : 2019-09-01 DOI: 10.1294/jes.30.63

Yasushi Ueno, R. Uemura, H. Niwa, T. Higuchi, S. Sekiguchi, Y. Sasaki, M. Sueyoshi

引用次数: 0