Journal of Equine Science最新文献

Reduction in endemic equine herpesvirus type-1 and type-4 infection among Thoroughbred yearlings through an updated vaccination program. 通过更新的疫苗接种计划，减少纯种马1型和4型地方性马疱疹病毒感染。

Journal of Equine Science Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-06-12 DOI: 10.1294/jes.36.67

Hiroshi Bannai, Yoshinori Kambayashi, Koichi Kume, Naoya Takebe, Yoshiro Endo, Nanako Kawanishi, Manabu Nemoto, Koji Tsujimura

{"title":"Reduction in endemic equine herpesvirus type-1 and type-4 infection among Thoroughbred yearlings through an updated vaccination program.","authors":"Hiroshi Bannai, Yoshinori Kambayashi, Koichi Kume, Naoya Takebe, Yoshiro Endo, Nanako Kawanishi, Manabu Nemoto, Koji Tsujimura","doi":"10.1294/jes.36.67","DOIUrl":"10.1294/jes.36.67","url":null,"abstract":"The endemic situation of respiratory disease caused by equine herpesvirus type-1 (EHV-1) and type-4 (EHV-4) was investigated in a training facility for Thoroughbred yearlings in Japan. Vaccination typically starts in mid-September or early October-only after all yearlings have arrived-leaving those introduced earlier unprotected. To bridge this immunity gap, a revised vaccination program that started earlier was implemented. In 2021-2022 and 2022-2023, yearlings were allocated to three groups according to their introduction dates. Each group received a live EHV-1 vaccine (Equi N Tect ERP, Nisseiken, Tokyo, Japan) as early as possible after arrival, with a second dose administered two months later. Virus-neutralizing titers to EHV-1 rose significantly after the first vaccination in each group as anticipated. Virus type-specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays showed that, in 2018-2019 to 2020-2021, pyretic horses (≥38.5°C) infected with EHV-1/4 occurred more frequently between August and September than in other months: 15 cases with EHV-1, 9 cases with EHV-4, and 5 cases with both viruses across the three years. In 2021-2022 and in 2022-2023, only three pyretic horses with EHV-1 infection were confirmed in the corresponding period. The infection rates for EHV-1/4 in the entire population peaked between August and September in 2018-2019 to 2020-2021 (6.8‰-10.9‰). Under the new program, infection rates were much lower, at 2.6‰-3.8‰ in 2021-2022 and 1.2‰-1.7‰ in 2022-2023 (P<0.05). The reduction in these parameters was likely associated with the efficacy of the updated vaccination program.","PeriodicalId":35701,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Equine Science","volume":"36 2","pages":"67-74"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12360157/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144883825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Metabolic, pathological, and genetic analyses of foals neonatal foals that died in Noma horses. 死于诺玛马的新生马驹的代谢、病理和遗传分析。

Journal of Equine Science Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-06-12 DOI: 10.1294/jes.36.55

Keiichi Hisaeda, Nu Anh Thu LE, Sho Kadekaru, Tetsushi Ono, Yasuharu Hiasa, Emi Ohzawa, Akihisa Hata, Kenji Kutara, Keisuke Sugimoto, Yumi Une, Eri Iwata, Tetsuo Kunieda, Chunhua Zhang, Hitoshi Kitagawa

{"title":"Metabolic, pathological, and genetic analyses of foals neonatal foals that died in Noma horses.","authors":"Keiichi Hisaeda, Nu Anh Thu LE, Sho Kadekaru, Tetsushi Ono, Yasuharu Hiasa, Emi Ohzawa, Akihisa Hata, Kenji Kutara, Keisuke Sugimoto, Yumi Une, Eri Iwata, Tetsuo Kunieda, Chunhua Zhang, Hitoshi Kitagawa","doi":"10.1294/jes.36.55","DOIUrl":"10.1294/jes.36.55","url":null,"abstract":"We evaluated metabolic abnormalities in six neonatal Noma foals (Nos. 54-57, 62, and 66) that died shortly after birth, using laboratory tests, pathological examinations, serum amino acid (AA) analyses, gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), and genetic analyses. Nonspecific clinical symptoms, such as poor suckling and weakness, were commonly observed at birth. Sepsis caused by various bacterial infections was detected in foal Nos. 54, 62, and 66, while a heart malformation was identified in foal No. 57. Laboratory tests showed high aspartate transaminase, lactate dehydrogenase, and creatine kinase levels and low globulin and glucose levels in dead foals. The AA and GC/MS analyses revealed elevated levels of ammonia, orotic acid, and uracil in foal Nos. 54 and 55, while citrulline, arginine, and ornithine levels were low or within normal ranges, suggesting accelerated pyrimidine synthesis and suppressed urea cycle activity. Foal No. 56 had high uric acid and tyrosine levels, hypoglycemia, and liver dysfunction, suggesting glycogen storage disease. In foal No. 57, hypertyrosinemia was suggested because of high phenylalanine and tyrosine levels. We conducted a sequencing analysis of the ornithine transcarbamylase, argininosuccinatelyase, argininosuccinate synthase 1, uridine monophosphate synthase, G6PC1, and G6PT1/SLC37A4 genes associated with metabolic disorders. However, no mutations were detected. In conclusion, although metabolic pathways abnormalities resembling certain hereditary metabolic disorders were observed in neonatal foals that died in Noma horses, no specific mutations were identified in candidate genes, making hereditary disorders less likely.","PeriodicalId":35701,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Equine Science","volume":"36 2","pages":"55-65"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12360156/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144883824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Sudden death in a Thoroughbred stallion: cardiac tamponade due to transverse aortic rupture with bone metaplasia and calcification. 一匹纯种马猝死：主动脉横断导致心脏填塞伴骨化生和钙化。

Journal of Equine Science Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-06-12 DOI: 10.1294/jes.36.75

Yosuke Maeda, Chihiro Kanno, Makoto Sugiyama, Rieko Yamamoto, Shogo Sato, Ryo Ando, Ryusuke Noda, Hiroaki Kawaguchi, Fumiaki Takahashi

引用次数: 0

Diagnostic performance of specific oxidative stress biomarkers, acute phase proteins, and certain trace elements in different severities of equine colic. 特定氧化应激生物标志物、急性期蛋白和某些微量元素在不同严重程度马绞痛中的诊断价值。

Journal of Equine Science Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-06-12 DOI: 10.1294/jes.36.45

Ahmadreza Mirzaei, Ali Hajimohammadi

{"title":"Diagnostic performance of specific oxidative stress biomarkers, acute phase proteins, and certain trace elements in different severities of equine colic.","authors":"Ahmadreza Mirzaei, Ali Hajimohammadi","doi":"10.1294/jes.36.45","DOIUrl":"10.1294/jes.36.45","url":null,"abstract":"Sixty-one horses were included in this study and classified into three groups based on the severity of colic, assessed by heart rate, oral mucous membrane color, and abdominal distension. The groups consisted of a strangulating colic (SC) group (n=21), a non-strangulating colic (NC) group (n=20), and a control group (n=20) of randomly selected healthy horses without colic. Serum concentrations of tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), haptoglobin (Hp), nitric oxide (NO), malondialdehyde (MDA), zinc, iron, and copper were measured in all horses. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was conducted to assess and compare the diagnostic performance of the analytes in terms of sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve (AUC). TNFα demonstrated the highest diagnostic accuracy for non-strangulating colic at a cutoff value of >24 mg/l, with 100% sensitivity, 95% specificity, and an AUC of 0.996. For strangulating colic, TNFα also exhibited the best diagnostic performance at a cutoff value of >33 mg/l, achieving 100% sensitivity and specificity with an AUC of 1.00. Haptoglobin followed with a cutoff value of >52 µg/l, showing 95% sensitivity, 75% specificity, and an AUC of 0.898. This study provides new insights into the diagnostic performance of TNFα for detecting non-strangulating colic and TNFα and haptoglobin for diagnosing strangulating intestinal conditions in horses with colic.","PeriodicalId":35701,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Equine Science","volume":"36 2","pages":"45-54"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12360160/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144883823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A case of a newborn Kiso native pony diagnosed with a median hard cleft palate and urachal hypoplasia. 一个新生的Kiso本地小马诊断为中位硬腭裂和尿管发育不全的病例。

Journal of Equine Science Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-03-10 DOI: 10.1294/jes.36.25

Sakura Yoshida, Akiko Takeyama, Masaaki Tagami, Yuanzhi Gao, Munkhtuul Tsogtgerel, Yoshiyasu Kobayashi, Kenichi Watanabe, Yasuo Nambo

引用次数: 0

Effects of pre-exercise cooling in hot environments on performance and physiological responses in Thoroughbred horses. 热环境下运动前降温对纯种马运动表现和生理反应的影响。

Journal of Equine Science Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-03-10 DOI: 10.1294/jes.36.19

Hajime Ohmura, Yusaku Ebisuda, Yuji Takahashi, Kazutaka Mukai

{"title":"Effects of pre-exercise cooling in hot environments on performance and physiological responses in Thoroughbred horses.","authors":"Hajime Ohmura, Yusaku Ebisuda, Yuji Takahashi, Kazutaka Mukai","doi":"10.1294/jes.36.19","DOIUrl":"10.1294/jes.36.19","url":null,"abstract":"Pre-exercise cooling may prevent exertional heat illness in horses. We hypothesized that pre-exercise cooling before warm-up in a hot environment would not affect performance but would mitigate reductions in body weight and increases in body temperature following exercise. Six trained Thoroughbred horses were studied using a randomized, crossover design with three pre-treatments: 30-min walk on a treadmill at 1.7 m/sec (WALK), 30 min of standing (REST), and a 10-min pre-cooling shower at 26.2 ± 0.8°C (SHOWER). All horses underwent each pre-treatment, followed by a warm-up and main exercise in a hot environment (wet-bulb globe temperature: 32-33°C). After warming up by cantering at 10.0 m/sec for 30 sec, horses exercised on a treadmill with a 6% incline and a speed eliciting exhaustion within 2 min, which was approximately 115% V̇O2max (relative intensity; 13.5-14.3 m/sec). Run time to exhaustion was recorded, with body weight measured before pre-treatment and after main exercise to calculate weight loss. Heart rate was measured from before pre-treatment to after the main exercise. Plasma lactate concentration (Lac) and pulmonary arterial temperature (a measure of body temperature) were assessed before and after pre-treatment and after the warm-up and main exercise. Weight loss in SHOWER was significantly reduced compared with the other treatments. Pulmonary artery temperatures in WALK after pre-treatment were significantly higher than in the other treatments. No significant differences were observed in heart rate, Lac, or run time. These results suggest that pre-cooling mitigates reductions in body weight and increases in body temperature without affecting performance.","PeriodicalId":35701,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Equine Science","volume":"36 1","pages":"19-23"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11919543/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143670092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Evaluation of maturation-related changes in maxillary sinus diameter and cheek teeth positioning relative to the maxillary sinus in the Dareshuri horse. 达尔舒里马上颌窦直径及颊齿相对于上颌窦定位的成熟相关变化评估。

Journal of Equine Science Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-17 DOI: 10.1294/jes.36.81

Zahra Riahi, Aboutorab Tabatabaei Naeini, Reza Zare

{"title":"Evaluation of maturation-related changes in maxillary sinus diameter and cheek teeth positioning relative to the maxillary sinus in the Dareshuri horse.","authors":"Zahra Riahi, Aboutorab Tabatabaei Naeini, Reza Zare","doi":"10.1294/jes.36.81","DOIUrl":"10.1294/jes.36.81","url":null,"abstract":"Dareshuri horses are the predominant breed in Fars Province, Iran. Although disorders affecting their maxillary cheek teeth and maxillary sinuses are relatively common, limited fundamental data are available on the dimensions and relationships of these structures at different ages. Given the significant anatomical changes in the heads of young horses as they mature, this study aimed to evaluate age-related changes in the position and anatomical relationships of individual maxillary cheek teeth within the rostral and caudal maxillary sinuses (RMS and CMS, respectively), as well as changes in the lengths and heights of individual sinus compartments during their growth. Radiographs were performed on 29 heads of live, healthy horses aged between 4 months and 5 years and were analyzed using the EConsole1 Radiography Viewer software (V.3, 2017, DRTECH Europe GmbH, Schwalbach am Taunus, Germany). Statistical analyses revealed that the only significant change throughout the study was an increase in the length of the CMS (4.075 ± 0.99 cm; SE), which was more significant in horses up to three years old. At less than 1 year old, the only tooth present in the maxillary sinus was M1. At 1-2 years old, M2 was observed entering the maxillary compartments; PM4 entered the RMS at 2-3 years old, and M3 entered the CMS at 3-4 years old. Eventually at 4-5 years old, PM3, M1, and M2 were present in the RMS, and M2 and M3 were present in the CMS. This information should be of value in the diagnosis and treatment of Dareshuri maxillofacial disorders and used as a reference for further anatomical investigations.","PeriodicalId":35701,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Equine Science","volume":"36 3","pages":"81-91"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12445997/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145114354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Genomic regions and candidate genes associated with forehead whorl positioning in Thoroughbred horses. 与纯种马额轮定位相关的基因组区域和候选基因。

Journal of Equine Science Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-03-10 DOI: 10.1294/jes.36.11

Tamu Yokomori, Teruaki Tozaki, Takao Segawa, Takuya Itou

{"title":"Genomic regions and candidate genes associated with forehead whorl positioning in Thoroughbred horses.","authors":"Tamu Yokomori, Teruaki Tozaki, Takao Segawa, Takuya Itou","doi":"10.1294/jes.36.11","DOIUrl":"10.1294/jes.36.11","url":null,"abstract":"Previous studies have examined the relationship between hair characteristics and temperament traits in various animals. A partial genetic association has been suggested in humans because whorl formation and neurological development occur simultaneously during the fetal period. In the horse industry, anecdotal evidence suggests a link between the forehead whorl position and temperament. In our previous study, the heritability of forehead whorl positioning was h2=0.653, indicating significant genetic contributions in thoroughbreds. Therefore, in this study, we designed a genome-wide association study using 192 Thoroughbred horses to detect candidate genes associated with forehead whorl positioning. The results revealed 11 suggestive markers on chromosomes 2, 14, 15, 19, and 26, although no significant markers were found. Five genes, namely PTTG1, CCNH, RASA1, COX7C, and CLDN1, located near these markers had functions related to skin cell or hair follicle development and temperament. Therefore, these genes may be involved in the positioning of the forehead whorl in Thoroughbreds. The candidate genes identified in this study are expected to contribute to elucidating the genetic factors behind forehead whorl in horses and to help interpret the common process of whorl and temperament development.","PeriodicalId":35701,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Equine Science","volume":"36 1","pages":"11-18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11919545/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143671174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Isolation and molecular identification of Lactobacillaceae bacteria and Bifidobacterium from horse feces. 从马粪便中分离乳酸菌和双歧杆菌并进行分子鉴定。

Journal of Equine Science Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-03-10 DOI: 10.1294/jes.36.39

Riko Fujimoto, Momoka Kuchida, Tomomi Ban-Tokuda, Hiroki Matsui

引用次数: 0

Differences in serum iron concentrations between the summer and winter in Noma horses. 夏季和冬季野马血清铁浓度的差异。

Journal of Equine Science Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-03-10 DOI: 10.1294/jes.36.1

Keiichi Hisaeda, Tetsushi Ono, Takako Shimokawa-Miyama, Akihisa Hata, Eri Iwata, Yasuharu Hiasa, Emi Ohzawa, Teruaki Tozaki, Harutaka Murase, Masaki Takasu, Naohito Nishii, Hitoshi Kitagawa

{"title":"Differences in serum iron concentrations between the summer and winter in Noma horses.","authors":"Keiichi Hisaeda, Tetsushi Ono, Takako Shimokawa-Miyama, Akihisa Hata, Eri Iwata, Yasuharu Hiasa, Emi Ohzawa, Teruaki Tozaki, Harutaka Murase, Masaki Takasu, Naohito Nishii, Hitoshi Kitagawa","doi":"10.1294/jes.36.1","DOIUrl":"10.1294/jes.36.1","url":null,"abstract":"We examined the differences in serum iron (Fe) concentrations and related variables between summer and winter in Noma horses. Blood samples were collected from 37 clinically normal horses seven consecutive times: September 2018, February 2019, October 2019, February 2020, September 2020, February 2021, and February 2022. Serum Fe concentrations ranged from 74 μg/dl to 316 μg/dl with a median of 176 μg/dl. The concentrations were lower in stallions compared with mares and geldings, tended to be low at 10-14 years of age, and then increased with age. Serum Fe concentrations were repeatedly low in summer and high in winter. Total iron-binding capacity (TIBC), Fe-saturation rate, hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (Ht), MCV, MCH, albumin, cholesterol, sodium (Na), potassium (K), chloride (Cl), and calcium (Ca) were lower in summer than in winter. However, creatinine, total protein, inorganic phosphorus, and Mg were higher in summer. The unsaturated iron-binding capacity, RBC count, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), glucose, and AST levels were not significantly different. Serum Fe concentrations were positively correlated with Hb, TIBC, Fe saturation rate, Ht, MCV, MCH, creatinine, albumin, glucose, cholesterol, AST, Na, Cl, and Ca, but negatively correlated with BUN and K. In Noma horses, serum Fe concentrations might be higher than the reference values for horses and consistently decrease in summer in parallel with Hb and MCV. The lowering of the serum Fe concentrations in summer may be due to a combination of the effects of Fe loss from sweating, dermatitis, insect bites, dietary composition, and/or unknown factors.","PeriodicalId":35701,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Equine Science","volume":"36 1","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11919544/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143671301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0