ERN: Human Development in Developing Economies (Topic)最新文献_第7页

Measuring Human Security: The Why and the How 测量人类安全:为什么和如何

ERN: Human Development in Developing Economies (Topic) Pub Date : 2012-03-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2018964

Allan Dwyer

{"title":"Measuring Human Security: The Why and the How","authors":"Allan Dwyer","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2018964","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2018964","url":null,"abstract":"This paper will assess the use of the human security paradigm as a proxy for measuring the risk embodied in the sovereign debt of emerging market countries. Human security is a multidisciplinary concept that has sought to refocus thinking on the status of vulnerable populations toward human-centred rather than military terms. The concept has appealed to academic researchers and policy analysts as an exciting rubric for thinking about development, but it has defied formal quantification. A robust index of human security would have a measurable impact in the global securities markets to which emerging economies are increasingly turning to finance development. This is because investors in sovereign debt require measurements of the danger that a nation will default on its debt payments, known as country risk. Until now, credit ratings such as Egypt’s current B rating were the standard vehicle for summarizing this risk. But default risk stems from the economic disruptions that usually reside in upstream challenges such as civil war or environmental decline. Interestingly, the very same vulnerabilities that credit analysis seeks to uncover would be illuminated by an investigative frame informed by the concept of human security. This paper will argue for a more human-centred collaboration between international credit rating agencies (and thus global financial markets writ large) and developing country bond issuers. The employment of human security as both an instrument of analysis as well as a development target will benefit both issuers and investors, and will draw issuers and markets into a constructive, formal partnership.","PeriodicalId":350026,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Human Development in Developing Economies (Topic)","volume":"388 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131862685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Role of Human Development on Deforestation in Africa: A Modelling-Based Approach 人类发展对非洲森林砍伐的作用:基于模型的方法

ERN: Human Development in Developing Economies (Topic) Pub Date : 2012-01-08 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2493274

S. Asongu, Brian A. Jingwa

{"title":"The Role of Human Development on Deforestation in Africa: A Modelling-Based Approach","authors":"S. Asongu, Brian A. Jingwa","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2493274","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2493274","url":null,"abstract":"The rate of deforestation in Africa is of paramount concern not only to the future of Africa, but also to the world. This study uses country-level data to model changes in forest area over an 18 year period (1990-2007) in 35 African countries and investigates the role played by important development indicators of human development. The results reveal that the net loss of forests was 0.19% every year between 1990 and 2007. This implies a total of 3.42% of forest was lost in the 18 year period. This is more in line with estimates obtained by the Food and Agricultural Organization (0.56% between1990-2000 and 0.49% between 2000-2010). Human development which involves life expectancy, education and income is found to have a positive effect on forest growth and conservation, while cutting down trees for wood fuel is a significant cause of deforestation. Using generalized linear mixed models and generalised estimating equations, we were able to calculate expected estimates of forest area for 2010, 2020 and 2030 under the assumption that nothing is done to change observed trends. In many countries, progress has been made in reforestation, forest protection and conservation. However, if indiscriminate cutting down of trees is not checked, many countries will lose most or all of their forests by 2030.","PeriodicalId":350026,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Human Development in Developing Economies (Topic)","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128604712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Impact of Services Trade Liberalization on Employment and People Movement in South Asia 服务贸易自由化对南亚就业和人口流动的影响

ERN: Human Development in Developing Economies (Topic) Pub Date : 2012-01-04 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.1979324

R. Chanda

引用次数: 9

The Economics of the Very Long Run 长期经济学

ERN: Human Development in Developing Economies (Topic) Pub Date : 2011-07-12 DOI: 10.2139/SSRN.1884515

W. Block, R. Murphy

引用次数: 0

Equity in Poverty Program Evaluations 贫困项目评估中的公平性

ERN: Human Development in Developing Economies (Topic) Pub Date : 2011-05-01 DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-9361.2011.00602.x

Rocío García-Díaz

引用次数: 0

A Note on Inequality Aversion Across Countries, Using Two New Measures 用两种新方法分析各国对不平等的厌恶程度

ERN: Human Development in Developing Economies (Topic) Pub Date : 2011-05-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.1855186

D. Macunovich

引用次数: 10

Models for Sustainable Legal Aid: Experiences from NGO’s in Five Lower Income Countries 可持续法律援助模式:来自五个低收入国家非政府组织的经验

ERN: Human Development in Developing Economies (Topic) Pub Date : 2011-04-20 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.1816343

M. Barendrecht

引用次数: 3

Can Micro Health Insurance Reduce Poverty? Evidence from Bangladesh 小额医疗保险能减少贫困吗?来自孟加拉国的证据

ERN: Human Development in Developing Economies (Topic) Pub Date : 2011-03-16 DOI: 10.1111/j.1539-6975.2010.01402.x

S. A. Hamid, P. Mosley

引用次数: 94

Impact of HIPC on Poverty Reduction in Ghana (2000-2008) 重债穷国对加纳减贫的影响(2000-2008年)

ERN: Human Development in Developing Economies (Topic) Pub Date : 2011-01-23 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.1767829

Nana Oye Afoom

{"title":"Impact of HIPC on Poverty Reduction in Ghana (2000-2008)","authors":"Nana Oye Afoom","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1767829","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1767829","url":null,"abstract":"In 1996, the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) launched the Debt Initiative for Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) Initiative, which created a framework for all creditors, including multilateral creditors, to provide debt relief to the world's poorest and most heavily indebted countries, and thereby reduce the constraint on economic growth and poverty reduction imposed by the debt build-up in these countries. The HIPC Initiative was designed as one important building block in broader development architecture of policies, programs and institutional development in support of sustainable growth and poverty reduction.This study was designed to establish whether the HIPC funds that were release for poverty reduction indeed helped reduce poverty and at what rate it did. The research an experimental focused on identifying the relationships between growth rate, poverty rate before HIPC releases and after the release. The study showed that poverty rate reduced quiet significantly after the country joined the HIPC initiative and also growth rate. These findings were interpreted and discussed in the context of literature and a number of implications and recommendations were drawn.","PeriodicalId":350026,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Human Development in Developing Economies (Topic)","volume":"65 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115881705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Role of State (Taking Contemporary Developments in Account) 国家的作用(考虑到当代的发展)

ERN: Human Development in Developing Economies (Topic) Pub Date : 2011-01-19 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.1743566

Shamail Arzoo

引用次数: 0