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District Human Development Report UDUPI 2008 HDR with a Difference 地区人类发展报告UDUPI 2008年HDR的差异
ERN: Human Development in Developing Economies (Topic) Pub Date : 2010-12-30 DOI: 10.17493/NMR/2010/60124
G. Joshi
{"title":"District Human Development Report UDUPI 2008 HDR with a Difference","authors":"G. Joshi","doi":"10.17493/NMR/2010/60124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17493/NMR/2010/60124","url":null,"abstract":"Review of UDUPI District Human Development Report for the year 2008.","PeriodicalId":350026,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Human Development in Developing Economies (Topic)","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132589020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Vulnerability to Poverty in Latin America - Empirical Evidence from Cross-Sectional Data and Robustness Analysis with Panel Data 拉丁美洲的贫困脆弱性——来自横断面数据的经验证据和面板数据的稳健性分析
ERN: Human Development in Developing Economies (Topic) Pub Date : 2010-12-06 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.1721003
Leonardo Gasparini, G. Cruces, M. Bérgolo, Andrés Ham
{"title":"Vulnerability to Poverty in Latin America - Empirical Evidence from Cross-Sectional Data and Robustness Analysis with Panel Data","authors":"Leonardo Gasparini, G. Cruces, M. Bérgolo, Andrés Ham","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1721003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1721003","url":null,"abstract":"This document presents a discussion of vulnerability estimates – defined as the risk of being poor in the future – in Latin American countries from both a conceptual and an empirical perspective, based on recent developments in the distributive literature. The document develops two main contributions. First, it presents cross-sectional vulnerability estimates (and their evolution over time) for 18 countries in the region, and compares their evolution with that of aggregate poverty rates. Second, based on longitudinal data for Argentina and Chile, the document carries out a validation exercise to assess how vulnerability measures fare as predictors of poverty at the aggregate and the micro levels, and compares their performance to that of other deprivation indicators. The main findings indicate substantial cross-country differences in vulnerability levels. Moreover, vulnerability measures provide good estimates of aggregate poverty trends. However, the validation exercise indicates that at the micro level there are sizeable misclassifications of households in terms of expected poverty. These results imply that vulnerability estimates should be complemented with information on shocks and aggregate trends for guiding focalised policy interventions.","PeriodicalId":350026,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Human Development in Developing Economies (Topic)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126750595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 8
Exploring Educational Mobility in Europe 探索欧洲的教育流动
ERN: Human Development in Developing Economies (Topic) Pub Date : 2010-10-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.1814925
Antonio Di Paolo, J. Raymond, J. Calero
{"title":"Exploring Educational Mobility in Europe","authors":"Antonio Di Paolo, J. Raymond, J. Calero","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1814925","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1814925","url":null,"abstract":"This paper is concerned with the investigation of the intergenerational mobility of education in several European countries and its changes across birth cohorts (1940-1980) using a new mobility index that considers the total degree of mobility as the weighted sum of mobility with respect to both parents. Moreover, this mobility index enables the analysis of the role of family characteristics as mediating factors in the statistical association between individual and parental education. We find that Nordic countries display lower levels of educational persistence but that the degree of mobility increases over time only in those countries with low initial levels. Moreover, the results suggest that the degree of mobility with respect to fathers and mothers converges to the same level and that family characteristics account for an important part of the statistical association between parental education and children’s schooling; a particular finding is that the most important elements of family characteristics are the family’s socio-economic status and educational assortative mating of the parents.","PeriodicalId":350026,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Human Development in Developing Economies (Topic)","volume":"83 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126161973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 74
Testing for Welfare Comparisons When Populations Differ in Size 人口规模不同时的福利比较测试
ERN: Human Development in Developing Economies (Topic) Pub Date : 2010-09-04 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.1687142
J. Duclos, Agnès Zabsonré
{"title":"Testing for Welfare Comparisons When Populations Differ in Size","authors":"J. Duclos, Agnès Zabsonré","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1687142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1687142","url":null,"abstract":"Assessments of social welfare do not usually take into account population sizes. This can lead to serious social evaluation flaws, particularly in contexts in which policies can affect demographic growth. We develop in this paper a little-known though ethically attractive approach to correcting the flaws of traditional welfare analysis, an approach that is population-size sensitive and that is based on critical-level generalized utilitarianism (CLGU). Traditional CLGU is extended by considering arbitrary orders of welfare dominance and ranges of “poverty lines” and values for the “critical level” of how much a life must be minimally worth to contribute to social welfare. Simulation experiments briefly explore the normative relationship between population sizes and critical levels. We apply the methods to household level data to rank Canada’s social welfare across 1976, 1986, 1996 and 2006 and to estimate normatively and statistically robust lower and upper bounds of critical levels over which these rankings can be made. The results show dominance of recent years over earlier ones, except when comparing 1986 and 1996. In general, therefore, we conclude that Canada’s social welfare has increased over the last 35 years in spite (or because) of a substantial increase in population size.","PeriodicalId":350026,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Human Development in Developing Economies (Topic)","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121638245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Economic Growth, Social Policy, and Poverty 经济增长、社会政策和贫困
ERN: Human Development in Developing Economies (Topic) Pub Date : 2010-08-27 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.1666931
L. Kenworthy
{"title":"Economic Growth, Social Policy, and Poverty","authors":"L. Kenworthy","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1666931","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1666931","url":null,"abstract":"Whether economic growth or social policy does more to benefit the poor is the subject of longstanding interest and debate. I examine the experiences of the world's affluent countries during a period of two and a half decades for which reliable comparative data are available. Over this period, from 1980 to 2005, improvements in low-end (tenth-percentile) absolute incomes were driven chiefly by increases in GDP per capita rather than by increases in the share of GDP going to government social expenditures. Economic growth did not, however, always and everywhere translate into income growth for the poor. Some rich nations — Australia, Canada, Germany, Italy, Switzerland, the United Kingdom (1980-95), and the United States (1980-95 and 2000-05) — experienced lengthy periods of economic growth with little or no rise in the incomes of low-end households. When growth has trickled down to the poor, government transfers have been the principal conduit. It is in countries that have increased transfers in concert with per capita GDP that the incomes of the poor have been most likely to rise.","PeriodicalId":350026,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Human Development in Developing Economies (Topic)","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134205609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Global Poverty Estimates: Present and Future 全球贫困估计:现在与未来
ERN: Human Development in Developing Economies (Topic) Pub Date : 2010-08-09 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.1670841
Shatakshee Dhongde, Camelia Minoiu
{"title":"Global Poverty Estimates: Present and Future","authors":"Shatakshee Dhongde, Camelia Minoiu","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1670841","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1670841","url":null,"abstract":"We review the recent empirical literature on global poverty, focusing on key methodological aspects. These include the choice of welfare indicator, poverty line and purchasing power parity exchange rates, equivalence scales, data sources, and estimation methods. We also discuss the importance of the intra-household resource allocation process in determining within-household inequalities and potentially influencing poverty estimates. Based on a sensitivity analysis of global poverty estimates to different methodological approaches, we show that existing figures vary markedly with the choice of data source for mean income or consumption used to scale relative distributions; and with the statistical method used to estimate income distributions from tabulated data.","PeriodicalId":350026,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Human Development in Developing Economies (Topic)","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115229931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 20
Designing the Inequality-Adjusted Human Development Index 设计不平等调整人类发展指数
ERN: Human Development in Developing Economies (Topic) Pub Date : 2010-07-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.1815248
S. Alkire, J. Foster
{"title":"Designing the Inequality-Adjusted Human Development Index","authors":"S. Alkire, J. Foster","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1815248","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1815248","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes a method for adjusting the HDI to reflect the distribution of human development achievements across the population, and across dimensions, using an inequality measure from the Atkinson family. We begin with a discussion of the proposed indices in an idealized setting where variables and their scales have been identified and the data are available. We then address the practical issues that arise when applying these methods to real data. The final section presents and evaluates another related approach.","PeriodicalId":350026,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Human Development in Developing Economies (Topic)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115796772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 145
Identifying the Poor: Poverty Measurement for the U.S. From 1996 to 2005 识别穷人:1996年至2005年美国的贫困测量
ERN: Human Development in Developing Economies (Topic) Pub Date : 2010-06-01 DOI: 10.1111/j.1475-4991.2009.00374.x
T. Garner, K. Short
{"title":"Identifying the Poor: Poverty Measurement for the U.S. From 1996 to 2005","authors":"T. Garner, K. Short","doi":"10.1111/j.1475-4991.2009.00374.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4991.2009.00374.x","url":null,"abstract":"The poverty measure presented compares spending needs to resources available to meet those needs. The analysis is for the U.S.; however, lessons from other countries regarding desirable properties of a poverty measure are considered. A primary focus is internal consistency between thresholds and resources. This study is among the first for the U.S. to describe an internally consistent poverty measure, drawing from recommendations of the U.S. National Academy of Sciences (NAS). Thresholds reflect spending needs as “outflows.” Resources measure “inflows” available to meet spending needs. The U.S. Consumer Expenditure Survey is used for thresholds, and the Current Population Survey is the basis for resources. Trends are reported with comparisons to the official and a relative measure. An important finding is that increases in expenditures for shelter, captured in the NAS thresholds, suggest a greater increase in the number of families not able to meet basic needs than is reflected by official poverty statistics over this time period.","PeriodicalId":350026,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Human Development in Developing Economies (Topic)","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131896363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 20
Pro-Poor Growth: An Analysis of the Brazilian States between 1995 and 2007 有利于贫困人口的增长:1995年至2007年巴西各州分析
ERN: Human Development in Developing Economies (Topic) Pub Date : 2010-02-24 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.1558647
M. Pinto
{"title":"Pro-Poor Growth: An Analysis of the Brazilian States between 1995 and 2007","authors":"M. Pinto","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1558647","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1558647","url":null,"abstract":"This article analyzes the pro-poor growth in the 27 Brazilian states between 1995 and 2007. Initially, it examines the recent literature about the subject and presents three indicators to quantify the relationship among growth, inequality and poverty. Following, it calculates, through panel data analysis, the growth elasticity of poverty in Brazil and across its states. Finally, it estimates growth incidence curves (GIC) and rates of pro-poor growth (RPPG) for three periods: 1995-2007, 1995-2001 and 2001-2007. The results show that poverty has been rapidly diminishing in Brazil since 2001, but there is still a huge discrepancy among some states and regions. Moreover, there comes up a clear difference between the headcount index and the “deepness” of poverty.","PeriodicalId":350026,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Human Development in Developing Economies (Topic)","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115764787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Swedish Pension System, Lessons for Uganda 瑞典养老金制度，乌干达的经验教训
ERN: Human Development in Developing Economies (Topic) Pub Date : 2010-02-19 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.1555478
Miriam Musaali
{"title":"The Swedish Pension System, Lessons for Uganda","authors":"Miriam Musaali","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1555478","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1555478","url":null,"abstract":"Sweden is a country with nine million inhabitants, it originally had the oldest retirement system in the world with universal coverage. The Swedish Pension system under went reform 15 years ago. Today the Swedish people are proud of what has been achieved through the reforms. This article primarily focuses on the reform process, and highlights the characteristics of the current pension system in Sweden. It also draws out some lessons for Uganda as it starts its journey towards reforming the pension system.","PeriodicalId":350026,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Human Development in Developing Economies (Topic)","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127851050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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