Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Ekonomika最新文献

{"title":"Credit: The Target Aspect","authors":"E. Revtova","doi":"10.15688/ek.jvolsu.2022.4.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15688/ek.jvolsu.2022.4.13","url":null,"abstract":"The subject of the study is credit as a system object. The aim is to develop a model of intrasystem of credit goals. Hypothesis of the study. It is assumed that the contradictions in the credit system serve as a source of its development can be used to manage its development. Methods. The study was carried out on the basis of systemic, target and categorical scientific-methodological approaches with the application of methods of critical analysis of scientific literature, generalization, systematization, categorical method “Order of goals”. Results: 1) three structural levels of credit goals (Super-goal, Goal, Sub-goal) were identified; 2) a categorical model of credit was developed; 3) seven types of contradictions in the system of credit goals (four types of internal contradictions between its components and three types of external contradictions with the environment) were studied; 4) approaches to managing contradictions in the credit system, aimed at its sustainable and progressive development were suggested. Conclusions. 1) The study of contradictions in the system of credit goals showed that they are a complex, are divided into external and internal, are hierarchical in nature, can be managed from the outside. 2) The revealed contradictions in the system of credit goals made it possible to create the concept of management of its development, based on the control of their course.","PeriodicalId":349001,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Ekonomika","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122005201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Subregional Asymmetry and Mesoeconomic Modeling of the Evolutionary Dynamics of US Manufacturing Industries Under the Conditions of Reindustrialization","authors":"V. Minat","doi":"10.15688/ek.jvolsu.2022.4.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15688/ek.jvolsu.2022.4.15","url":null,"abstract":"The key element in the modernization of the US economy, which implies re-industrial qualitative development and quantitative growth in industrial production within the country, is the manufacturing industry. The use of evolutionary-genetic, systemic and territorial approaches to the study of American industry as an open meso-level economic system made it possible to identify the dynamics of the US manufacturing industry spatio-temporal development, one of the results of which is subregional asymmetry. Based on traditional methods of economic and statistical analysis and conditional mapping, a holistic “ ‘geographical’ picture” of the asymmetry of the spatial development of the US manufacturing industry according to the characteristic “center-periphery” principle is presented. The use of mathematical modeling techniques made it possible to identify the stages of the studied industries evolutionary development over the past two decades, quantitatively and qualitatively reflecting the essence of the US economy transition from the deindustrial to the initial stage of the reindustrial development paradigm. The results of the study made it possible to fully confirm the hypothesis put forward about the existence of a relationship between the uneven development of US manufacturing industry over time and heterogeneity in the geo-economic space, on the one hand, and their evolutionary dynamics, on the other. In addition, on the basis of mesoeconomic modeling, empirical results were obtained indicating signs of the initial sustainable formation of the re-industrial direction of development of the US industrial mesosystem. Thus, empirical evidence has been obtained that in the advanced economic system of the modern capitalist world, on the wave of an objective change in technological and world economic structures, a steady trend towards Industrialization 4.0 based on NBIC convergence has formed. The conclusion is made not only about the objective process of the need to rely on one’s own resources in the conditions of the world economy deglobalization, but also about the change in the course of the United States national policy in terms of the formation of a competitive basis of the neo-industrial type.","PeriodicalId":349001,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Ekonomika","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124909666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strategies for Internationalization of Chinese State-Owned Oil and Gas Companies During the COVID-19 Pandemic","authors":"Wu Shuang","doi":"10.15688/ek.jvolsu.2022.4.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15688/ek.jvolsu.2022.4.16","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to the problems of strategic management of international expansion of Chinese state-owned oil and gas companies during the coronavirus pandemic. A brief description of Chinese stateowned oil and gas companies (OGCs), the main directions and formats of their internationalization is given; an analysis of the impact of crisis phenomena in the global economy associated with the pandemic on the market of hydrocarbons and petroleum products is carried out. The features of strategic management of the international expansion of the Chinese OGCs in the conditions of the COVID-19 crisis are analyzed. The prospects for the development of the Chinese oil and gas business in the world market are evaluated. The conducted research has shown that the largest Chinese oil and gas companies are pursuing an aggressive marketing policy in foreign markets, which allows not only to ensure large supplies of hydrocarbon raw materials to China, but also to sell significant volumes of products abroad with the help of foreign partners. Such a policy corresponds to the vector of the Chinese leadership’s foreign policy, which is focused on achieving a balance in international relations and actively countering pressure from the United States. In the context of the COVID-19 crisis, the Chinese oil and gas business in the international arena faces not only new risks and challenges, but also receives a number of unique opportunities.","PeriodicalId":349001,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Ekonomika","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130422354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trends in the Digitalization of the Monetary Sphere of the Russian Economy","authors":"N. Smirnova","doi":"10.15688/ek.jvolsu.2022.4.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15688/ek.jvolsu.2022.4.3","url":null,"abstract":"Payment systems in modern conditions are undergoing a significant transformation, which is objective due to the progress of information and computer technologies. In this regard, the purpose of the work was to study the main directions and trends of digitalization of the monetary sphere of the economy based on statistical and expert methods, as well as using vertical and horizontal analysis techniques. The author analyzes the changes in the money supply, which allowed us to establish an increase in the share of non-cash funds in it both in domestic money turnover and in the economy of developed countries. The structure and dynamics of transactions with payment cards are considered, reflecting the growth in the number and volume of transactions of the population and legal entities with their help. The types of electronic money systems and the scope of their use in calculations are characterized. The specific features of the functioning of cryptocurrencies and the leaders of the corresponding segment of the money market are revealed. The advantages and disadvantages of the central bank digital currency and the prospects for its issuance in the Russian Federation and abroad are studied. The study of changes in the monetary and payment turnover of the domestic and world economy made it possible for the author to establish the objectivity of the processes taking place, as well as the correspondence of the state of the monetary sphere to the needs of users and the requirement of economic development.","PeriodicalId":349001,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Ekonomika","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121594909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Consumer Market of the Country: Current Trends","authors":"M. Oborin","doi":"10.15688/ek.jvolsu.2022.4.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15688/ek.jvolsu.2022.4.8","url":null,"abstract":"This article analyzes the state of the consumer market in the modern realities of our country, examines the trends of its development depending on the implemented strategies of citizens’ behavior in the conditions of economic crisis and the consequences of the coronavirus pandemic. During this period, the demand for goods that restore and protect health increased, including a set of certain elements with which it is possible to restore and maintain human performance, a set of technical devices that are used for the treatment and prevention of various diseases, as well as products that do not contain genetically modified organisms. The influence of information technologies on the sphere of consumption in the current conditions is noted, the need to strengthen the work of e-commerce platforms, online e-commerce stores and services aimed at improving the efficiency of interaction of consumer market entities is revealed. The author’s definitions of the consumer market concept, common in the scientific literature, are presented. Consumer market analysis plays an important role in the economy, which is reflected in domestic and foreign scientific publications devoted to optimizing the mechanisms of interaction between supply and demand of the consumer market, factors and models of economic security. A model and classification of consumer markets in the socio-economic system of the region is developed, a description of individual elements of the proposed structure is presented. The dynamics of wholesale trade development in Russia in the period before the coronavirus pandemic was analyzed in accordance with changes in social preferences and their impact on demand. The study revealed the results of the state of the consumer market in Russia, promising directions of its development.","PeriodicalId":349001,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Ekonomika","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129622290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Model of Closure of Cycles (“Economic Cross”) as a Foresight Tool for Integrated Development of the Industry","authors":"M. Buyanova, N. Mikhaylova, D. Timokhin","doi":"10.15688/ek.jvolsu.2022.4.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15688/ek.jvolsu.2022.4.4","url":null,"abstract":"The article proposes a methodology for foresight analysis of the development of a regional industry complex and tools for its implementing, taking into account the peculiarities of the processes of technological transformations taking place in the modern economies of Russia and the world. Attention is paid to the problems arising from the inconsistency of tasks solved through the use of traditional approaches and methods of planning the development of regional industrial complexes, and new economic challenges in the field of economic planning, due to the transformation of the technological demands of production processes. The procedure for introducing an innovative methodology for closing cycles (“economic cross”) in the process of industry development foresight was developed by the authors taking into account the peculiarities of the functioning of the regional economy, including the peculiarities of the infrastructural and personnel asymmetry of the regions in which the modernization of the sectoral production complex is planned. The proposed methodology can be used for the purposes of industry development foresight both as an independent tool and in combination with other tools for planning and forecasting, including the method of constructing intersectoral balances, which is actively used in Russian and international practice. The practical significance of the cycle closure model (“economic cross”) lies in the possibility of its use for the purposes of industry complex development digital modeling without any changes compared to offline practice due to the fact that the proposed model allows us to represent a complex economic process as modules and flows described parametrically. The article presents a description of the most recommended economic and mathematical parameters for inclusion in the model and provides recommendations for determining their basic values.","PeriodicalId":349001,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Ekonomika","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121779369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving the Methodology for Assessing the Effectiveness of Local Self-Government of Municipalities of the Volgograd Region","authors":"M. Arzumanyan","doi":"10.15688/ek.jvolsu.2022.4.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15688/ek.jvolsu.2022.4.6","url":null,"abstract":"The study reflects the principles and approaches to assessing the effectiveness of the activities of local authorities of municipalities of the second level in the Volgograd region, the most important tool for quantifying the well-being, standard of living of the population, aggregated in the form of the author’s methodology. The potential to achieve the values of performance indicators quantifies the degree of feasibility of the planned, expected values of the indicators of the municipality, interpreted as the ratio of “resistances” in relation to the achievement of the planned goals. The mechanism of the application of tools for converting the values of performance indicators is presented: coefficients (growth, achievement and resistance), potential, elements, integral values (and their degree of stability) of achievement. The achieved level of performance is analyzed. The application of the methodology provided information for the development of management decisions for the future: a high degree of stability is not observed in any of the municipalities; an average degree of stability is achieved in seven, and a moderate degree of stability is achieved in 24 municipalities; the remaining seven of the 38 municipalities have a low degree of stability. The most stable (effectively managed by local self-government bodies) municipalities of the Volgograd region are: Oktyabrsky, Chernyshkovsky, Novoanninsky, Surovikinsky; the least stable are Olkhovsky, Uryupinsky municipal districts.","PeriodicalId":349001,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Ekonomika","volume":"168 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127582306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alternative Protective Instruments of the Russian Currency Market in the Context of High Volatility and Sanctions","authors":"I. Nekrasova","doi":"10.15688/ek.jvolsu.2022.4.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15688/ek.jvolsu.2022.4.11","url":null,"abstract":"Many economists name deflationary nature as one of the advantages of cryptocurrencies. In this regard, some cryptocurrencies are credited with the ability to protect capital from inflation of fiat currencies. However, this issue is debatable. In addition, the relevance of the topic under study is due to the need to create a digital means of payment for international settlements between Russia and its friendly countries. The purpose of this study is to analyze the possibility of using bitcoin and stablecoin as a protective anti-inflationary asset on long-term investment horizons and an international means of payment under sanctions, respectively. To achieve this goal, the author of the article considered the main approaches to determining the role of bitcoin and stablecoin in the economy and money circulation, identified the main threats associated with the legalization of these currencies. As a result of the study, a classification of stablecoins was presented in terms of the type of collateral and the main factors preventing the transformation of bitcoin into a protective asset were identified. At the end of the study, a conclusion was made about the potential use of bitcoin as a protective asset, and stablecoin as a means of international settlements.","PeriodicalId":349001,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Ekonomika","volume":"153 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128541121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impact of Urbanization on Living Standards of the Population in Russia","authors":"I. Mitroshin","doi":"10.15688/ek.jvolsu.2022.4.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15688/ek.jvolsu.2022.4.7","url":null,"abstract":"Urbanization has a significant impact on the development of human civilization. At the same time, the way civilization develops generates urbanization. The growth of large million-plus cities is changing the quality and style of life of an individual, family, household, as well as society, region and country. Large urban formations in modern conditions are both a consequence and indicator of the development of a country and the engine of its economic development. The greater the number and size of urban agglomerations and the faster their growth, the faster economic growth occurs. Under the conditions of urbanization, the structure of household incomes and expenditures, average wage and other factors affecting the standard of living of the population are changing. The purpose of this study is to analyze the relationship between individual aspects of the standard of living of the population in large cities of Russia. In particular, the dependence of the average wage and the purchasing power of the population on the size of the city’s population is considered. The article provides a more detailed analysis of the purchasing power of the population in the 15 largest cities of Russia and the degree of its dependence on the size of the city, as well as its growth rate. The relationship of urbanization with other factors affecting the standard of living of the population during the period of constant reform of the country’s economy has been studied. The analysis carried out is the basis for further forecasting of changes in the standard of living of the population and other aspects that affect household finances. The findings of the study make it possible to understand in general the main changes in the standard of living of the population in the conditions of urbanization, and sometimes deurbanization. The study was carried out on the basis of official statistical data of Rosstat, analysis of materials and works of other authors carrying out scientific activities in this direction.","PeriodicalId":349001,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Ekonomika","volume":"80 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114472870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Methodology of GDP Calculations: Theoretical and Practical Approaches","authors":"Elena G. Russkova, Igor Antonenko, Dmitry Ovcharov","doi":"10.15688/ek.jvolsu.2022.4.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15688/ek.jvolsu.2022.4.1","url":null,"abstract":"The article focuses on the distinction between theoretical and practical approaches to GDP calculation. One of its main provisions is that all costs in the economic society are ultimately aimed at the production of final goods. The theoretical approach takes into account only direct labour, while the practical approach takes into account the costs of both living and past labour embodied in capital goods. The difference is explained, on the one hand, by the special nature of participation of capital goods in the creation of the value of a new product, on the other hand, by the need to have reliable estimates of the produced product. It is demonstrated that the special participation of past labour in the creation of a new product leads to a temporary shift in the cost of new products by the year of production of the capital goods, which does not allow obtaining correct estimates of the produced product in any of the years of use of the capital good. At the same time, taking into account the costs of both living and embodied labour makes it possible to have accurate estimates of the product produced throughout the entire period of use of the capital good, with the exception of the production year of the capital good. The practical approach is linked to the presence in the GDP composition the value of goods which are not directly related to the welfare – gross accumulation, which requires adjustments of the obtained GDP estimates before using them to estimate the well-being of the members of the economic society.","PeriodicalId":349001,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Ekonomika","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116408481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}