Journal of Chromatography A最新文献

{"title":"Bottom-up synthesis of bridged Bis(β-cyclodextrin)-functionalized chiral COFs@SiO2 for enantioseparation in liquid chromatography","authors":"Wentao Xu ,&nbsp;Huizhen Ni ,&nbsp;Linna Xu ,&nbsp;Jiajun Gong ,&nbsp;Dongping Cheng ,&nbsp;Huawei Lv ,&nbsp;Xianchao Hu ,&nbsp;Chu Chu ,&nbsp;Xingnuo Li ,&nbsp;Shengqiang Tong","doi":"10.1016/j.chroma.2026.466782","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chroma.2026.466782","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Chiral covalent organic frameworks (CCOFs) have attracted considerable attention as promising materials for enantioseparation. In this work, a series of <em>β</em>-cyclodextrin-bridged chiral COFs with precisely tunable chiral-site densities were synthesized via a bottom-up strategy using the 1,3,5-tris(4-aminophenyl)benzene (TPB) linkers and newly designed BPTA-CD monomers. The BPTA-CD unit was synthesized by grafting mercapto-<em>β</em>-cyclodextrin (SH-<em>β</em>-CD) onto 2,5-bis(prop‑2-yn-1-yloxy) terephthalaldehyde (BPTA) via a thiol–alkyne “click” reaction. By adjusting the BPTA-CD/BPTA ratio, the density of chiral recognition sites within the COF framework could be finely regulated. The resulting CCOFs were covalently grafted onto silica microspheres to yield COF-grafted silica stationary phases for HPLC enantioseparation. Under optimized conditions, these stationary phases successfully separated 14 out of 19 dansylated amino acids (DNS-AAs) and exhibited high thermal stability and good reproducibility. Increasing the chiral-site density led to markedly enhanced enantioresolution, demonstrating the pivotal role of tunable chiral environments in recognition performance. This work provides an effective strategy for constructing chiral-site-controllable COFs for high-performance liquid chromatographic enantioseparation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":347,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chromatography A","volume":"1773 ","pages":"Article 466782"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146172726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advances in LC–MS/MS methods and sample preparation strategies for therapeutic drug monitoring of immunosuppressive drugs","authors":"Selen Al ,&nbsp;Demet Dincel ,&nbsp;Aykut Kul ,&nbsp;Olcay Sagirli","doi":"10.1016/j.chroma.2026.466798","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chroma.2026.466798","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Immunosuppressive drugs play a critical role in preventing organ rejection following transplantation and require close monitoring due to their narrow therapeutic ranges and interindividual pharmacokinetic variability. This review provides an overview of the pharmacokinetic properties, mechanisms of action, and clinical applications of drugs such as cyclosporine A, tacrolimus, sirolimus, everolimus, mycophenolate mofetil, and azathioprine. Within this clinical context, therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) represents a cornerstone of individualized immunosuppressive therapy, directly linking drug exposure to efficacy and safety outcomes. Analytical approaches commonly used in the therapeutic monitoring of these agents—high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)—are described, with particular emphasis on LC-MS/MS as the primary analytical platform due to its superior selectivity, sensitivity, and multi-analyte capability. Recent advancements in sample preparation techniques are discussed in relation to their role in minimizing matrix effects and meeting the stringent analytical requirements of TDM. Tabulated data are presented on instrumentation, sample matrices, sample preparation techniques, calibration ranges, lower limits of quantification (LLOQ), analysis times, mobile phase compositions, and chromatographic columns for each analytical method. By critically integrating analytical methodology with clinical TDM needs, this review is intended to provide researchers and clinicians with a useful reference that supports the advancement of more effective and dependable strategies for therapeutic drug monitoring in clinical settings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":347,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chromatography A","volume":"1773 ","pages":"Article 466798"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146172763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Semi-automatic silicon rubber based multi-vial microextraction for determination and removal of pesticides from waters and tea","authors":"Huiru Xu,&nbsp;Yuqing Zong,&nbsp;Kehan Yin,&nbsp;Rimao Hua,&nbsp;Xiangwei Wu,&nbsp;Jiaying Xue","doi":"10.1016/j.chroma.2026.466796","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chroma.2026.466796","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Water resources are increasingly contaminated by industrial and agricultural pollutants, with pesticide residues posing a persistent challenge. Most existing methods were designed for a single purpose of either measuring or eliminating water pollutants, while integrated strategies containing both functions remain scarce. Here we reported a novel semi-automatic silicone rubber (SR) based multi-vial microextraction technique for the simultaneous determination and removal of fifteen pesticides from aqueous matrices. An integrated adsorption-desorption platform enabled effective in-situ extraction of the target pesticides via hydrophobic effects. Key parameters including ultrasonication extraction for 45 min and two sequential 5-min desorption with 5 mL of hexane/ethyl acetate (1:1, v/v) were employed. The quantitative analysis was validated in real waters of the Nanfei River, Chao Lake, and tap water with good recoveries (72.8–112.6 %) and relative standard deviations (0.1–7.5 %), superior limits of detection (0.0020–0.20 μg/L) and quantification (0.006 to 0.50 µg/L), and free matrix effects (87.5–102.1 %) by gas chromatography equipped with electron capture detector. Focusing on its selectivity and recyclability, the proposed approach was further applied to purifying green tea and chrysanthmum tea infusions, achieving over 90 % removal efficiency for most pesticides. These results demonstrated that the semi-automatic SR-based multi-vial microextraction is a robust and effective method for both quantifying and eliminating target pesticides from waters and tea infusions. The high throughput and low cost encourage its potential for customized commercial application in monitoring and remediating emerging pesticides in environment and food fields.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":347,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chromatography A","volume":"1773 ","pages":"Article 466796"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146161726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fabrication of NH2-MIL-125(Ti)@TpBD(SO3H)2 selective adsorption material for dispersive solid-phase extraction of quinolone antibiotics in fish and shrimp combined with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric analysis","authors":"Shijie Xing ,&nbsp;Zhikun Li ,&nbsp;Jiaxiang Liu ,&nbsp;Wei Zhang ,&nbsp;Fuqiang Sun ,&nbsp;Shu-Xuan Liang","doi":"10.1016/j.chroma.2026.466794","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chroma.2026.466794","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To address the ongoing issue of quinolones (QNs) residues in aquatic products, accurate and sensitive detection of trace QNs has always been necessary and urgent. In this work, a composite material of NH₂−MIL-125(Ti)@TpBD(SO₃H)₂ consisting of metal organic frameworks and based on bisulfonic acid-based covalent organic frameworks was synthesized and applied as a dispersive solid-phase extraction (dSPE) adsorbent. Combining with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, a simple and effective method for simultaneous detection of 18 QNs in aquatic products was established. Meanwhile, the selective adsorption mechanism was thoroughly investigated through material characterization combined with density functional theory calculations. The results showed that the method had a good linear relationship (<em>r</em> ≥ 0.9981), low limits of detection of 0.0019–0.0641 μg kg⁻¹, along with high recovery rates in the range of 80.6–113.2 %, and good precision with relative standard deviations less than 8.8 %. The selective adsorption mechanism revealed the synergistic adsorption mechanism of electrostatic interactions, hydrogen bonding, and π-π interactions. The material had good reusability and excellent stability. In summary, the dSPE method based on NH₂−MIL-125(Ti)@TpBD(SO₃H)₂ composites provided a practical sample pretreatment solution for the determination of trace QNs in complex matrixes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":347,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chromatography A","volume":"1773 ","pages":"Article 466794"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146172725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advances in sample preparation techniques for chromatographic analysis of personal care products and their metabolites in human biological matrices: A critical review","authors":"José de Jesús Olmos-Espejel ,&nbsp;Jerónimo Cabrera-Peralta ,&nbsp;Araceli Peña-Alvarez ,&nbsp;Iran Ocaña-Rios","doi":"10.1016/j.chroma.2026.466763","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chroma.2026.466763","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The extensive use of personal care products (PCPs) — including preservatives, UV filters, insect repellents, antimicrobials, and synthetic musks — has led to widespread human exposure, making them contaminants of emerging concern. They are ingredients of products that are used daily for hygiene and skin care. While biomonitoring studies confirm the presence of both parent PCPs and their metabolites in human tissues and fluids, a critical gap exists in the review of analytical methods for analyzing them simultaneously in complex biological matrices. This review critically examines state-of-the-art analytical techniques published from 2013 to the present for the simultaneous determination of multi-class PCPs and their metabolites in human biological samples, such as urine, blood, plasma, serum, saliva, breast milk, nails, and hair. It highlights advances in sample preparation, including innovative extraction and clean-up strategies, as well as chromatographic methods coupled with mass spectrometry. Special emphasis is placed on evaluating key analytical validation parameters, including accuracy, precision, limits of detection, and limits of quantification. Emerging trends reveal that parabens and their metabolites are the most frequently studied compounds, while synthetic musks remain notably underrepresented. Among biological matrices, urine and nails dominate as the preferred liquid and solid samples, respectively. To our knowledge, this is the first review to synthesize recent advances in the simultaneous analysis of diverse PCP classes and their metabolites in human matrices, offering a valuable resource for toxicologists and analytical chemists engaged in exposure assessment and biomonitoring.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":347,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chromatography A","volume":"1772 ","pages":"Article 466763"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146147533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A fully automated high-throughput system for simultaneously enriching and separating intact glycopeptides","authors":"Zhonghan Hu ,&nbsp;Rong Liu ,&nbsp;Junhui Li ,&nbsp;Chenlu Wang ,&nbsp;Hongxia Wang ,&nbsp;Jiancheng Yu ,&nbsp;Keqi Tang","doi":"10.1016/j.chroma.2026.466776","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chroma.2026.466776","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>An improved fully automated high-throughput system, named as AutoGP 2, for simultaneously enriching and separating intact glycopeptides has been developed in this study by introducing a second 10-port valve (valve 2) to the previously developed AutoGP system with only a 10-port valve (valve 1). Specifically, the addition of the second 10-port valve in the new AutoGP 2 system allows simultaneous enrichment and separation of intact glycopeptides, which significantly improve the sample analysis throughput as compared to previously developed AutoGP system. The optimal operating parameters of the AutoGP 2 were systematically evaluated, and the intra-day and inter-day reproducibility of this system were assessed through 24-h and 15-day long stress tests. The experimental evaluation has shown outstanding sensitivity and reproducibility of AutoGP 2. Over 560 site-specific glycans were identified from 1 μg peptide mixture with median CV of 10.8% in triplicate sample analyses. By coupling the AutoGP 2 with a high resolution Orbitrap mass spectrometer, the duty cycle of the instrument for a single sample analysis was increased from 55% to 80%. Specifically, 166 minutes were saved for every two-sample analyses in the AutoGP 2 as compared with the previous AutoGP system, which increased the sample analysis throughput by 1.5 times. All the experimental results have consistently shown that the AutoGP 2 is well-suited for large cohort clinical glycoproteomic sample analysis and very effective in the sample amount limited glycoproteomic analysis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":347,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chromatography A","volume":"1772 ","pages":"Article 466776"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146147531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The adsorption and enantioselective properties of threonine-based Zn-MOF composite supported on agar biomass aerogel","authors":"Ksenia S. Balandina ,&nbsp;Yan-Rui Wang ,&nbsp;Huang-Jie Lu ,&nbsp;Natalia A. Osokina ,&nbsp;Zhi-Hui Zhang ,&nbsp;Vladimir Yu. Guskov","doi":"10.1016/j.chroma.2026.466775","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chroma.2026.466775","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The adsorption activity and enantioselectivity of a novel chiral metal-organic framework based on zinc and a ligand obtained by condensation of threonine and 4-pyridine carbaldehyde (Zn-MOF), as well as its composite with agar (AG/Zn-MOF-0.4), were estimated by inverse gas chromatography. Specific retention volumes (<em>V_g</em>, mL/g) and thermodynamic characteristics of adsorption for different classes of organic substances were calculated from chromatographic experiment. Enantioselectivity was studied with respect to α-pinenes and limonenes, by <em>V_g</em> and adsorption isotherms analysis. A composite material (AG/Zn-MOF-0.4) had more polar surfaces than its parent MOF (Zn-MOF) due to strong interactions with agar. Adsorption analysis showed that the molecules interact with the surface only by specific parts (e.g., a benzene ring or hydroxyl group). Both studied samples also demonstrated enantioselectivity, preferentially adsorbing L-α-pinene. AG/Zn-MOF-0.4 has also shown the ability to recognizing limonene enantiomers. The enantioselectivity coefficients α were higher on AG/Zn-MOF-0.4 than on Zn-MOF or pure agar aerogel. So the combination of chiral MOF with agar created a synergistic effect, enhancing chiral recognition and adsorption activity. This approach is promising for developing advanced chiral adsorbents.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":347,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chromatography A","volume":"1772 ","pages":"Article 466775"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146147529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A new HPTLC-image analysis approach for assessing interactions and antioxidant profiles of adrenergic drugs","authors":"Larisa Silveșan ,&nbsp;Claudia Cimpoiu ,&nbsp;Dorina Casoni","doi":"10.1016/j.chroma.2026.466774","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chroma.2026.466774","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study proposes a new approach for the <em>in-vitro</em> evaluation of antioxidant profile of adrenergic drugs using high-performance thin-layer chromatography coupled with image analysis techniques (HPTLC-IA). In this regard, stationary phases of different polarity (Silica gel and RP-8, RP-18 W, CN and DIOL) were selected to simulate different environments and interactions that adrenergic drugs might encounter in the human body. Antioxidant activity was quantified using both DPPH^• and ABTS^⁺• radical scavenging assays on all five stationary phases. Image processing and analysis was used to quantitatively compare the free radical scavenging potential of the analyzed compounds after converting the RGB image into different color channels, namely the green channel for the DPPH test, and the red channel for ABTS. Chromatographic data were processed using multivariate analysis. Results revealed that highly polar compounds, that is norepinephrine, etilefrine, metaraminol and midodrine exhibited strong interactions with silica gel but limited retention on reversed-phase, while lipophilic derivatives, namely naphazoline, xylometazoline, clenbuterol and bambuterol demonstrated strong affinity for non-polar and moderately polar phases, predicting good membrane penetration and blood-brain barrier permeability. Interestingly, some β-agonists (bambuterol, fenoterol, buphenine and irsoxsuprine) with polar groups showed unexpectedly weak silica gel retention, highlighting their dominant lipophilic contributions. Regarding the antioxidant activity, the results showed that phase interactions with the stationary phase significantly influenced the activity of adrenergic drugs. Thus, the polar phases (silica gel, DIOL) enhanced radical scavenging activity, whereas non-polar phases often reduced it. The developed HPTLC-IA method, integrating selective stationary phases and two-radical assays, offers a novel and cost-effective approach for screening the possible variation of antioxidant activity of drugs after their interaction with physiological media constituents.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":347,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chromatography A","volume":"1772 ","pages":"Article 466774"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146147530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modeling retention time distribution in continuous Protein A affinity capture for materials traceability and diversion: A case study with twin-column system","authors":"Wu-Wei Chen ,&nbsp;Liang-Zhi Qiao ,&nbsp;Alois Jungbauer ,&nbsp;Hai-Bin Qu ,&nbsp;Shan-Jing Yao ,&nbsp;Dong-Qiang Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.chroma.2026.466780","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chroma.2026.466780","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The biopharmaceutical industry is increasingly shifting from batch processing to continuous manufacturing. The ICH Q13 guideline outlines regulatory considerations for the implementation of continuous manufacturing with emphasis on material traceability. Although continuous capture with Protein A affinity chromatography is widely used, the aspect of material traceability remains underexplored. In this study, a retention time distribution (ReTD) model for a twin-column continuous capture process was developed, building on the single column model and the connection condition of the process to enable material traceability. The ReTD behaviors during the startup, interconnected load and disconnected load steps were simulated, focusing on how the material are distributed in the elution peaks across subsequent switches. These simulations were validated through tracer experiments using fluorescently labeled proteins as inert tracer, showing good agreement between the model predictions and experimental results. This observed ReTD behavior is attributed to the combination effects of breakthrough dynamics, exchange effects, and operational step changes. Based on the developed ReTD model, a method for materials traceability and diversion was proposed. The ReTD behavior for materials with extended durations can be extrapolated from materials with duration shorter than one switch, owing to the periodic nature of the continuous capture process. This ReTD-based approach allows for the tracking and evaluation of disturbance entering the system at any time, as well as their persistence for varying durations. These materials can then be diverted according to the acceptable limits, facilitating real-time product release. The proposed ReTD-based method offers a practical solution for ensuring material traceability and diversion, helping meet regulatory requirements and improving real-time product release in continuous capture processes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":347,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chromatography A","volume":"1772 ","pages":"Article 466780"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146187259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wood-derived cellulose aerogel decorated with high Zr-MOF loading for simple and efficient extraction of etomidate analogs from urine and e-cigarette samples","authors":"Mingjie Guo ,&nbsp;Weihong Xie ,&nbsp;Suling Zhang ,&nbsp;Xiaofei Li ,&nbsp;Jianwei Zhang ,&nbsp;Zhongshi Xu ,&nbsp;Ying pan ,&nbsp;Dong zhang ,&nbsp;Lulu Xu ,&nbsp;Ting Lü ,&nbsp;Linlin Qiu","doi":"10.1016/j.chroma.2026.466783","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chroma.2026.466783","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Etomidate and its analogs can produce euphoria and addiction, and their recent abuse has led to an increasing number of poisoning and fatal cases. Thus, they are classified as controlled psychotropic drugs. This work proposed small-sized wood aerogel-supported zirconium metal-organic framework (UiO-66) particles for the extraction of trace etomidate and its analogs from urine and e-cigarette samples. Owing to the removal of lignin and hemicellulose, the delignified wood aerogel exhibited enhanced internal pore structures and exposed functional groups, which facilitated the immobilization of more UiO-66 crystals and achieved a high loading efficiency of 61.3 %. The lightweight UiO-66/wood aerogel composite enables facile separation, avoiding UiO-66 powder leakage while retaining its adsorption capacity. The composite was mechanically stable and kept commendable reusability over nine consecutive cycles. Benefiting from its high specific surface area and multiple chemical interactions with target drugs, the extraction method achieved enrichment factors of 22.9–30.0. Key factors influencing extraction—including solution pH, extraction time, the type and volume of desorption solvent, and desorption time—were investigated. Under the optimal conditions, the UiO-66/wood aerogel-based micro-solid phase extraction coupled with GC–MS method showed wide linear ranges and good precision (1.1%–3.2% for intra-day; 3.4%–5.1% for inter-day). The limits of detection and quantification were in the range of 0.02–0.04 μg/L and 0.05–0.1 μg/L, respectively. The recoveries for the urine and e-cigarette oil samples ranged from 86.2%–110.2% and 80.1%–107.9%, respectively. This method is eco-friendly, simple, and sensitive for the determination of new psychotropic drugs in clinical and forensic applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":347,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chromatography A","volume":"1772 ","pages":"Article 466783"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146177105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}