Plant Stress最新文献

{"title":"Metabolic reprogramming of tomato plants under Ralstonia solanacearum infection","authors":"Dhananjaya Pratap Singh ,&nbsp;Raman Ramesh ,&nbsp;Sudarshan Maurya ,&nbsp;Suresh Reddy Yerasu ,&nbsp;R. Gangaraj ,&nbsp;Lovkush Satnami ,&nbsp;Ratna Prabha ,&nbsp;Renu ,&nbsp;Birinchi Kumar Sarma ,&nbsp;Nagendra Rai","doi":"10.1016/j.stress.2025.100804","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.stress.2025.100804","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Comprehensive metabolomic investigation of tomato (<em>Solanum lycopersicum</em>) cultivar Hawaii 7998 and variety Kashi Adarsh was performed to establish metabolic basis of resistance and susceptibility against bacterial wilt pathogen <em>Ralstonia solanacearum</em>. Using LC-MS/MS-based untargeted metabolomics, leaf samples were analyzed at 5 and 10-day post-inoculation, revealing significant metabolic distinctions between the plants. The resistant cultivar Hawaii 7998 demonstrated remarkably lower disease incidence (15.19%) compared to the susceptible variety (86.81%) underpinned by distinct metabolic profiles. Our analysis annotated metabolites across different treatment groups, with significant differential regulation in pathways related to phenylpropanoids, flavonoids, and primary metabolism. Hawaii 7998 exhibited higher constitutive levels of defense-related compounds and mounted more robust metabolic responses against the pathogen. The resistant cultivar Hawaii 7998 under non-treated condition showed enhanced accumulation of total phenolic content (32.81 and 35.17 mg GAE g^-1 at 5 and 10DAI respectively) compared to susceptible plants. High antioxidant activities in terms of DPPH (43.52 and 47.19% in non-inoculated and 56.74 and 66.75% in pathogen inoculated condition at 5 and 10DAI respectively) and ABTS (44.36 and 48.06% in control and 58.24 and 64.05% in treated plants) were observed in Hawaii 7998, which was significantly high as compared to Kashi Adarsh. Network analysis showed complex interactions between metabolic pathways, highlighting key regulatory nodes in disease resistance, including carotenoid biosynthesis, trehalose metabolism, and phenylpropanoid pathways. Annotation of biomarker metabolites that included solasodine, biotin, uridine, phosphatidylcholine, asparagine, coumaryl alcohol and linolenic acid revealed cultivar-specific and pathogen interaction specific biomarkers in tomato. These findings are particularly significant in the uncovering the molecular mechanisms of plant-pathogen interaction and offer crucial insights for developing bacterial wilt-resistant tomato varieties, thereby contributing to food security.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34736,"journal":{"name":"Plant Stress","volume":"16 ","pages":"Article 100804"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143619660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pinellia ternata HD-Zip6 gene positively regulates heat stress tolerance in transgenic Arabidopsis by increasing ROS scavenging and NAC019 expression","authors":"Mingfang Ji ,&nbsp;Mengmeng Liu ,&nbsp;Xiaoyang Zheng ,&nbsp;Chengnan Xiao ,&nbsp;Yuchen Ji ,&nbsp;Yongbo Duan ,&nbsp;Yanfang Zhu ,&nbsp;Jianping Xue ,&nbsp;Chen Bo ,&nbsp;Tao Xue","doi":"10.1016/j.stress.2025.100806","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.stress.2025.100806","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Pinellia ternata</em>, a vital component of Chinese herbal medicine, encounters \"sprout tumble\" under high-temperature conditions, leading to diminished yield and quality. However, the mechanisms underlying its response to elevated temperatures remain unclear. Growing evidence indicates that homeodomain-leucine zipper (HD-Zip) transcription factors are crucial in regulating abiotic stress response. However, to date, no HD-Zip proteins have been identified in <em>P. ternata</em>. Herein, we identified and characterized a heat-stimulated HD-Zip I gene, named <em>PtHDZ6</em>, from <em>P. ternata</em>, which was primarily expressed in roots and petioles and significantly induced by heat stress. Further experiments indicated that PtHDZ6 protein was located within the nucleus and lacked transcriptional activities in yeast. A dual-luciferase assay confirmed that PtHDZ6 is specifically bound to L1 box element. When <em>PtHDZ6</em> was heterologously expressed in <em>Arabidopsis</em>, it enhanced heat tolerance, as transgenic plants displayed improved leaf opening and greening rate, and root length in response to heat stress. Moreover, under heat stress conditions, these plants displayed reduced accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and showed increased activities of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and peroxidase (POD) in comparison with wild-type plants. Transcriptome analysis demonstrated that overexpression of PtHDZ6 markedly altered the expression of genes associated with transporter function, structural activity, molecular transduction, regulatory roles in molecular functions, and antioxidant processes. Furthermore, PtHDZ6 was found to interact directly with the <em>NAC019</em> promoter, leading to its upregulation and modulating heat stress responses in <em>Arabidopsis</em>. Collectively, our findings suggest that PtHDZ6 functions as a transcriptional regulator, promoting heat tolerance in plants.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34736,"journal":{"name":"Plant Stress","volume":"16 ","pages":"Article 100806"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143627912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Volatile organic compounds as potential markers of Botrytis cinerea infection in intact harvested grape berries","authors":"Pietro Emilio Nepi ,&nbsp;Claudia Pisuttu ,&nbsp;Cristina Nali ,&nbsp;Elisa Pellegrini ,&nbsp;Ron Shmuleviz ,&nbsp;Stefano Brizzolara ,&nbsp;Pietro Tonutti","doi":"10.1016/j.stress.2025.100803","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.stress.2025.100803","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Partially dehydrated grapes are traditionally added in several wine-producing countries to enrich must composition for complex dry/sweet wines. Unfortunately, the controlled conditions in grape dehydration chambers are conducive to the development of <em>Botrytis cinerea</em> (causal agent of grey mold), thus resulting in significant grape losses. A few published papers have reported specific quantitative and qualitative alterations in the profile of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) of grape berries in response to <em>B. cinerea</em> infection. However, to the best of our knowledge, none of them studied the biochemical response of intact grape berries to the infection. The information deriving from intact berries analysis can be used to develop specific VOC sensors for early infection detection. To better understand the VOCs specifically induced by <em>B. cinerea</em> infection, homogeneous intact berries of non-inoculated Sangiovese and Corvina cultivars were collected and analysed by SPME-GC-MS. The same analysis was used for berries that had been artificially inoculated with a spore suspension of <em>B. cinerea</em> (105 spores mL⁻¹) or mock inoculated using the same volume of growth medium. The results showed that inoculated berries emit significantly higher levels of a set of primary (hexanol, 2-hexen-1-ol, 3-hexen-1-ol) and secondary (1-penten-3-ol) alcohols. Some of these alcohols have already been reported to correlate with <em>B. cinerea</em> infection, while others possibly representing new infection markers. Setting up sensors that can detect the volatile markers identified inside the dehydration chambers would improve grape withering through the early detection of <em>B. cinerea</em>, possibly leading to a reduction in spoilage and grape losses via the targeted adjustments of environmental conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34736,"journal":{"name":"Plant Stress","volume":"16 ","pages":"Article 100803"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143642865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Can biostimulants enhance plant resilience to heat and water stress in the Mediterranean hotspot?","authors":"Petronia Carillo","doi":"10.1016/j.stress.2025.100802","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.stress.2025.100802","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Heat and water stress are imposing significant constraints on agricultural systems, particularly in Mediterranean regions experiencing prolonged droughts, rising temperatures, and increasing aridity. These abiotic stresses trigger secondary effects, including osmotic and oxidative stress, simultaneously influencing multiple plant traits. Under drought conditions, stomatal closure limits CO₂ uptake, interfering with photosynthetic electron transport and increasing the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Elevated ROS determine oxidative stress, damaging cell membranes, causing genotoxicity, and disrupting key metabolic processes like nutrient transport, cell division, and expansion. Plants activate natural defence mechanisms to counter these stresses, but these responses are energetically costly. The diversion of carbon skeletons and energy from growth and biomass accumulation to stress responses results in reduced yields, especially in key Mediterranean crops such as wheat, tomato, grapevine, and olive trees, which are highly vulnerable to extreme climatic events. Biostimulants hold significant potential as an innovative approach to strengthening plants' natural defences and enhancing their capacity to endure heat and drought stress. By modulating stress-related pathways, enhancing antioxidant defence mechanisms, and promoting the accumulation of osmolytes, these products help maintain water use efficiency (WUE), sustain photosynthetic activity, and reduce stress-induced yield losses. In areas where water scarcity is a major limiting factor for agriculture, biostimulants offer a promising strategy to enhance plant adaptation to increasingly unpredictable precipitation patterns and higher temperatures. Beyond their immediate benefits, biostimulants offer a sustainable solution for supporting crop productivity amidst climate change. Further research into their biochemical, physiological, and metabolic impacts, specifically focusing on Mediterranean cropping systems, will be essential to optimise their application and integrate them effectively into modern, sustainable farming strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34736,"journal":{"name":"Plant Stress","volume":"16 ","pages":"Article 100802"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143629373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Na₂SeO₃ seed priming improves seed germination, seedling growth and rhizosphere microbial community structure of Sugar Beet (Beta vulgaris L.) under salt stress","authors":"Aijie Liu,&nbsp;Huazhong Wang,&nbsp;Maoqian Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.stress.2025.100795","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.stress.2025.100795","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Globally, the problem of soil salinization is becoming increasingly severe, posing a serious threat to agricultural production and food security. Sugar beet, as an important sugar - producing crop, is extremely sensitive to salt stress during the seed germination and seedling growth stages. Existing studies have shown that the priming treatment with Na₂SeO₃ has certain potential in coping with salt stress. This study aimed to explore the effects of the Na₂SeO₃ priming treatment on the germination of sugar beet seeds, the growth of seedlings, and the structure of rhizosphere soil microorganisms under salt stress conditions during germination and pot - planting. The research results indicated that salt stress significantly inhibited the germination of sugar beet seeds and the growth of seedlings, reduced the content of photosynthetic pigments, disrupted the ion balance, and increased the degree of membrane lipid peroxidation. However, the priming treatment with Na₂SeO₃ could effectively alleviate these negative effects. Appropriate concentrations (20 μM and 30 μM) of Na₂SeO₃ could accelerate seed germination, improve the seed vitality level, promote seedling growth, increase the content of photosynthetic pigments, improve the ion balance, increase the contents of soluble sugars and soluble proteins, reduce the content of malondialdehyde (MDA), and enhance the activities of antioxidant enzymes. In addition, the study also found that the Na₂SeO₃ priming treatment had a positive regulatory effect on the structure of the rhizosphere soil microbial community. Within a certain concentration range, Na₂SeO₃ could increase the number of microbial species in the rhizosphere soil and significantly enhance the richness and evenness of the community. Under different treatments, the composition of the rhizosphere microbial community showed obvious differences, and there were significant correlations between some dominant genera and plant physiological indicators. In conclusion, the priming treatment with an appropriate concentration of Na₂SeO₃ could significantly enhance the tolerance of sugar beet seeds and seedlings to salt stress, optimize the structure of the rhizosphere microbial community, providing a scientific basis for salt - tolerance research of sugar beets and the screening and development of seed coating agents.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34736,"journal":{"name":"Plant Stress","volume":"16 ","pages":"Article 100795"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143642864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Drought-stress memory confers cold hardiness in grapefruit (Citrus paradisi) through modulations in antioxidant system, osmolyte production and carbohydrate metabolism","authors":"Shahid Iqbal ,&nbsp;Carlos Eduardo Aucique-Perez ,&nbsp;Sajjad Hussain ,&nbsp;Rashad M. Balal ,&nbsp;Guillaume Charrier ,&nbsp;Matthew Mattia ,&nbsp;John M. Chater ,&nbsp;Muhammad A. Shahid","doi":"10.1016/j.stress.2025.100801","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.stress.2025.100801","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Priming is a phenomenon in which plants are initially exposed to mild stress to develop resilience to subsequent or severe stress. There is a lack of scientific knowledge regarding the drought-priming (DP) effect on the freeze tolerance mechanism in cold-sensitive grapefruit (<em>Citrus paradisi</em>). Therefore, the present study was conducted to gain insight into how plants perform under freezing stress (FS) when given short-term drought stress (DS) as a priming event. This study investigated the potential of DP to enhance freeze tolerance in cold-sensitive grapefruit. The plants were subjected to drought-priming at 50 % and 75 % field capacity (FC), with control (non-stress- 100 % FC) for three weeks before being subjected to freezing stress (-6 °C). DP exhibited enhanced freezing tolerance through an improved antioxidant system, osmolyte production, and carbohydrate metabolism. It also triggered the activities of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX), mitigating oxidative damage caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS). The accumulation of osmolytes, including proline, glycine betaine (GB) and soluble sugars, was also induced, stabilizing cellular structures and maintaining osmotic balance. Additionally, carbohydrate metabolism shifted towards sugar biosynthesis, with reduced starch reserves providing energy for stress adaptation. It is concluded that drought-stress memory as a primer acclimated the plants to freezing stress by alleviating oxidative damage to membranes and maintained high energy production through enhanced antioxidant activities, osmolyte accumulation, and regulating carbohydrate metabolism. This study highlights the practical potential of drought-priming as a cost-effective and non-invasive strategy to improve cold hardiness in citrus and related species. By integrating drought-priming into management practices, growers can enhance the resilience of young grapefruit plants to freezing conditions, contributing to sustainable citrus production in regions prone to cold stress or unexpected freeze events in winter or late summer.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34736,"journal":{"name":"Plant Stress","volume":"15 ","pages":"Article 100801"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143578479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergistic role of Fusarium solani IK-105 and humic acid in combating lead stress in tomato plants through physiological, biochemical and molecular modulation","authors":"Ibrahim Khan ,&nbsp;Sajjad Asaf ,&nbsp;Sang-Mo Kang ,&nbsp;Lubna ,&nbsp;Nusrat Jahan Methela ,&nbsp;Min Young Back ,&nbsp;Byung-Wook Yun ,&nbsp;In-Jung Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.stress.2025.100780","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.stress.2025.100780","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To promote sustainable agriculture and eco-friendly agricultural practices, beneficial microorganisms and organic amendments like humic acid (HA) have been effectively used to enhance tolerance for heavy metals (HMs) in crops. In this study, we aim to isolate, identify, and characterize a novel endophytic fungal strain that exhibits significant plant growth-promoting (PGP) properties and has the potential to alleviate lead (Pb) toxicity in tomato plants. <em>Fusarium solani</em> IK-105 was selected for the current study from the 13 different fungal isolates due to its highest resistance to Pb stress and significant PGP traits, validated through various in vitro analyses. Pb stress severely disrupts the morphological, physiological, and growth attributes of tomato plants. However, the application of IK-105 and HA, particularly in combination, effectively mitigates the adverse effects of Pb stress by improving leaf area, water retention, and membrane stability. These treatments also enhance shoot length and weight by 34.79 % and 4.26 %, and root length and weight by 62.22 % and 5.4 %, respectively, under Pb stress compared to their non-stressed counterparts. Photosynthetic pigments, protein, sugar, and starch contents were significantly enhanced, while enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants were significantly reduced with the application of IK-105 and HA under Pb stress conditions. Application of IK-105 and HA treatments significantly reduced endogenous abscisic acid (ABA), restricted Pb uptake, and enhanced Ca and Mg levels in tomato plants. These treatments modulated the expression of genes related to phytohormones and other signaling molecules associated with HMs stress. The findings of this study revealed the potential of IK-105 and HA as sustainable solutions to mitigate the environmental impacts of HMs, promote eco-friendly agriculture practices, and contribute to the remediation of contaminated regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34736,"journal":{"name":"Plant Stress","volume":"15 ","pages":"Article 100780"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143593399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trichoderma Combined with 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) Soil Amendments Modulates the Root Microbiome and Improves Wheat Growth Under Salinity Stress","authors":"Huicheng Zhao ,&nbsp;Linqi Zhang ,&nbsp;Meiyu Liu ,&nbsp;Xinzhen Wang ,&nbsp;Abraham Mulu Oljira","doi":"10.1016/j.stress.2025.100785","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.stress.2025.100785","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Salinity stress in agricultural soils impairs plant defense responses and imposes multiple effects, including ionic imbalance, osmotic and oxidative stress. Consequently, devising and customizing more effective solutions for mitigating salinity stress in crops are vital. The microbial enzyme 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) deaminase, which cleaves the ethylene precursor, ACC, is presumed to decrease stress-induced senescence and promote plant growth. In this study, halotolerant &lt;em&gt;Trichoderma viride&lt;/em&gt; Th4 was isolated from salt cedar (&lt;em&gt;Tamarix chinensis&lt;/em&gt; Lour.) rhizosphere soils and mass-cultured for use as a seed inoculant. ACC soil amendment is thought to promote the proliferation of root-associated microorganisms with ACC deaminase activity. A glasshouse experiment was conducted to determine the effects of &lt;em&gt;T. viride&lt;/em&gt; Th4 and ACC, when applied individually or in combination, on the root microbiome communities and physio-biochemical attributes of wheat plants grown in pots containing nonsaline or saline soil. Control (CK) and stress-CK reference pots were also prepared. The highest fungal richness was observed in the roots of plants treated with &lt;em&gt;T. viride&lt;/em&gt; Th4, in both nonsaline and saline soils, whereas the highest fungal diversity was observed in the &lt;em&gt;T. viride&lt;/em&gt; Th4, ACC, and their coapplication treatments in saline soil. Moreover, ACC soil amendment consistently increased bacterial richness and diversity in the root endosphere, whereas &lt;em&gt;T. viride&lt;/em&gt; Th4, ACC, and their coapplication decreased the richness and diversity of the rhizosphere microbiome in saline soil. Individual ACC soil amendment or coapplication with &lt;em&gt;T. viride&lt;/em&gt; Th4 increased the abundance of the genus &lt;em&gt;Rhodanobacter&lt;/em&gt; and reduced that of the genus &lt;em&gt;Ochrobactrum&lt;/em&gt; in the root endosphere of the stressed plants. Saline soil significantly increased sodium (Na&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;) accumulation in wheat roots and shoots. However, &lt;em&gt;T. viride&lt;/em&gt; Th4, ACC, and their coapplication reduced the Na&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; content in the roots by 21.5%, 27%, and 9.5%, respectively, and in the shoots by 31.7%, 9.9%, and 23.44%, respectively, compared with the stress CK treatment. Salinity stress also decreased the leaf chlorophyll a content, but &lt;em&gt;T. viride&lt;/em&gt; Th4 application or coapplication with ACC increased it by approximately 6.6% and 11.3%, respectively. Furthermore, salinized wheat treated with &lt;em&gt;T. viride&lt;/em&gt; Th4 alone or in combination with ACC presented increased activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD; 27.23% and 14.23%, respectively), catalase (CAT; 161.85% and 151.28%, respectively), ascorbate peroxidase (APX; 64.15% and 128.74%, respectively), and guaiacol peroxidase (GPX; 57.61% and 12.38%, respectively) compared with those in the stress CK treatment. Compared with the stress CK treatment, the ACC treatment slightly reduced SOD activity (5.29%) but increased CAT (78.86% and GPX (58.57%) activity. The findi","PeriodicalId":34736,"journal":{"name":"Plant Stress","volume":"15 ","pages":"Article 100785"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143600520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrative approaches to enhance reproductive resilience of crops for climate-proof agriculture","authors":"RECROP COST","doi":"10.1016/j.stress.2024.100704","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.stress.2024.100704","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Worldwide agricultural systems are threatened by rising temperatures, extreme weather events, and shifting climate zones. Climate change-driven failure in sexual reproduction is a major cause for yield reduction in horticultural and grain crops. Consequently, understanding how climate change affects reproductive processes in crops is crucial for global food security and prosperity. The development of climate-proof crops, including maize, wheat, barley, rice, and tomato, requires new genetic material and novel management practices to ensure high productivity under less favorable conditions. Safeguarding successful plant reproduction is challenging due to the complex nature of this biological process, and therefore, a multifaceted approach is the key to success. In this review, we provide an overview of the processes underlying plant reproduction and how they are affected by different abiotic stresses related to climate change. We discuss how genetics, advanced breeding technologies, biotechnological innovations, and sustainable agronomic practices can collectively contribute to the development of resilient crop varieties. We also highlight the potential of artificial intelligence (AI) in optimizing breeding strategies, predicting climate impacts, and improving crop management practices to enhance reproductive resilience and ensure food security. Lastly, we discuss the vision of a new era in agriculture where diverse actors and stakeholders cooperate to create climate-proof crops.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34736,"journal":{"name":"Plant Stress","volume":"15 ","pages":"Article 100704"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143552208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rhizobacteria mitigate salinity stress in maize by modulating photosynthesis, antioxidant defense, and rhizosphere microbial diversity","authors":"Letian Xu ,&nbsp;Caiyun Xin ,&nbsp;Fasih Ullah Haider ,&nbsp;Hui Li ,&nbsp;Shuxin Li ,&nbsp;Hua Zhang ,&nbsp;Peng Zhang ,&nbsp;Xiangnan Li","doi":"10.1016/j.stress.2025.100781","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.stress.2025.100781","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Soil salinization poses challenges to agricultural growth; nonetheless, plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) can enhance the potential of plants to withstand salt stress. However, further investigation is needed to understand the specific mechanisms through which PGPR influence rhizosphere microbial diversity and root exudates in improving maize (<em>Zea mays</em>) salt tolerance under field conditions. This study utilized four treatments under field conditions: normal soil (NN), normal soil with PGPR (NP), salt-stressed soil (SN), and salt-stressed soil with PGPR (SP) to explore the influence of PGPR on maize rhizosphere microbial diversity and root exudates. The results showed that salt stress reduced maize's net photosynthetic rate (<em>Pn</em>), leaf area index (LAI), leaf K⁺ concentration, and yield while increasing Na⁺ concentration and Na⁺/K⁺ ratio. PGPR alleviated these effects, improving <em>Pn</em>, K⁺ levels, and yield while reducing Na⁺ and Na⁺/K⁺ ratios. Under salinity, <em>Pn</em>, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, LAI, and chlorophyll content dropped by 52.71 %, 37.14 %, 29.53 %, 14.66 %, and 60.20 %, respectively, but PGPR increased them by 60.75 %, 37.14 %, 69.60 %, 13.20 %, and 27.17 %. Salt stress disrupted carbohydrate metabolism and antioxidant enzyme activities, reducing sucrose synthase and ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase activities. PGPR restored these and boosted antioxidant defenses. PGPR minimized Na+ uptake, improved ion balance, and mitigated yield losses, achieving a maximum yield of 21,852.43 kg ha^-1 (NP treatment) versus 15,859.95 kg ha^-1 under SN. Additionally, SN decreased bacterial Shannon and Chao1 indices, whereas PGPR resulted in higher indices than SN. The SN treatment enriched salt-tolerant and pathogenic microorganisms (e.g., <em>Rhodanobacter, Alternaria, Tausonia</em>), while PGPR-enriched beneficial microorganisms that mitigate salt stress effects (e.g., <em>Streptomyces, Sphingomonas, MND1</em>). Additionally, root exudates from PGPR were enriched with metabolites classified as benzenoids, which positively correlated with <em>Streptomyces</em> and <em>Sphingomonas</em>. The study shows that adding PGPR reduces Na⁺ absorption in maize roots, lowers leaf Na⁺/K⁺ ratios, and mitigates yield loss under salt stress. Further research is needed to apply these findings in agriculture and evaluate their long-term impacts on soil quality and crop yields.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34736,"journal":{"name":"Plant Stress","volume":"15 ","pages":"Article 100781"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143509643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}