Cleaner Engineering and Technology最新文献

{"title":"Electrification of clay calcination for cement decarbonization: Model development and process study","authors":"Roohangiz Shivaee Gariz ,&nbsp;Hao Wu ,&nbsp;Carsten Bang Mikkelsen ,&nbsp;Jens Abildskov ,&nbsp;Peter Arendt Jensen","doi":"10.1016/j.clet.2026.101197","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clet.2026.101197","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Reducing CO₂ emissions from cement production is essential for climate change mitigation. Electrically heated clay calcination is a novel process that enables the use of renewable electricity to produce calcined clay as a supplementary cementitious material (SCM), offering a practical route to lower clinker use and reducing the carbon footprint of cement. However, the performance of this process has not yet been thoroughly evaluated. In this study, a steady-state Aspen Plus process model of electrically heated clay calcination was developed to evaluate how changes in process layout, operating conditions, and clay feed properties affect process performance, quantified as energy demand, local temperatures, and clay calcination degree. Electrification allows heat recovery by recirculation of a portion of the process gas. At pilot scale with kaolinite-rich clay and targeting a calcination degree of 95%, gas recirculation reduced specific energy demand from 2238 to 1631 kJ/kg of calcined clay and lowered the required hot-gas supply temperature from 1010 to 917 °C. The preheating configuration with two cyclones showed the lowest energy demand. Higher feed rate decreased specific energy demand but increased the required hot-gas supply temperature; a higher gas-to-solid ratio had the opposite effect. Clay characteristics such as clay composition, kinetic model, and clay type were varied to understand their impact on process performance. The model was further applied to a full-scale process to assess scale effects, demonstrating reduced specific energy demand at the industrial scale.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34618,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Engineering and Technology","volume":"31 ","pages":"Article 101197"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147612615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A hybrid data–physics fusion approach for energy-efficient and comfort-oriented real-time HVAC optimisation with dynamic occupant perception","authors":"Bo Li ,&nbsp;Jonathan Chung Ee Yong ,&nbsp;Lih Jiun Yu ,&nbsp;Jin Yuan Chan ,&nbsp;Ezutah Udoncy Olugu ,&nbsp;Mohammed W. Muhieldeen","doi":"10.1016/j.clet.2026.101181","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clet.2026.101181","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents a data-driven framework for energy-efficient and thermal comfort-oriented HVAC control, advancing beyond traditional systems constrained by static occupancy assumptions. A hybrid dual-channel predictive architecture is proposed, integrating real-time occupant dynamics through a synergy of physics-based and data-driven models. The framework employs an energy baseline developed in EnergyPlus and a Predicted Mean Vote (PMV) baseline derived from the Fanger equation, enhanced by behaviour-driven incremental modules that form a dual-increment modelling structure for both energy and comfort prediction. Occupant behaviour is captured using a millimetre-wave (mmWave) radar perception system, enabling adaptive and interpretable modelling of human–environment interactions. The integrated predictive model acts as an objective function evaluator within a Multi-Objective Particle Swarm Optimisation (MOPSO) engine, leveraging pre-trained surrogate models to generate Pareto-optimal control strategies in real time. Experimental validation shows a 76% improvement in prediction accuracy compared to static models, alongside an 8.7% reduction in energy consumption and a 56.2% enhancement in thermal comfort relative to conventional control approaches. The proposed method demonstrates strong potential for sustainable HVAC operation in commercial and institutional buildings, promoting energy conservation and reducing carbon emissions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34618,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Engineering and Technology","volume":"31 ","pages":"Article 101181"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147612626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to “Characterization of Tharsis mine tailings for ore reprocessing for potential critical materials recovery” [Clean. Eng. Technol. 30 (2026) 101133]","authors":"Gladys A. Ochoa ,&nbsp;Pura Alfonso ,&nbsp;Percy Escalante ,&nbsp;Moacir Medeiros ,&nbsp;Carlos Hoffmann Sampaio ,&nbsp;Josep Oliva ,&nbsp;Jose Luis Cortina ,&nbsp;Ana Belén Hernández ,&nbsp;Manuel Sevilla","doi":"10.1016/j.clet.2026.101175","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clet.2026.101175","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":34618,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Engineering and Technology","volume":"31 ","pages":"Article 101175"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147656807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dual valorization of bamboo waste via superheated steam torrefaction: Efficient bioenergy production and pollutant adsorption","authors":"Qiaohui Peng ,&nbsp;Haibo Meng ,&nbsp;Yi Liu ,&nbsp;Nannan Wu ,&nbsp;Na Duan ,&nbsp;Dongdong Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.clet.2026.101152","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clet.2026.101152","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bamboo waste is an abundant renewable biomass, yet its direct use as fuel is limited by high moisture and low calorific value. Developing efficient valorization strategies is therefore essential for sustainable energy and environmental applications. This study aimed to evaluate superheated steam (SHS) torrefaction as a dual-purpose approach to upgrade bamboo waste into solid biofuel and cationic dye adsorbent. Bamboo waste was torrefied at 200–300 °C for 15–60 min. The solid products were characterized for physicochemical and fuel properties, as well as adsorption performance. The most severe treatment (300 °C, 60 min) yields biomass with the lowest weight yield of 41.25 wt% and HHV (28.72 MJ/kg) similar to coal, while a milder condition (300 °C, 15 min) balanced energy yield and combustion performance, making it suitable as a direct fuel. On the other hand, torrefied bamboo obtained under moderate conditions (250 °C, 15 min) exhibited abundant oxygen-containing functional groups and achieved a maximum adsorption capacity of 118.7 mg/g for methylene blue. These findings suggest that SHS torrefaction efficiently upgrades bamboo waste into high-quality biochar with potential applications in affordable energy and chemisorption-driven cationic pollutant removal.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34618,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Engineering and Technology","volume":"30 ","pages":"Article 101152"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146022634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fault Rates Alpha-Tolerance of Monte Carlo Simulation (FRAT-MCS) for Reliability Performance of Power System Network","authors":"Mohd Ikhwan Muhammad Ridzuan,&nbsp;Nur Nabihah Rusyda Roslan,&nbsp;Ahmad Zairi Mohd Zain,&nbsp;Norhafidzah Mohd Saad,&nbsp;Muhamad Zahim Sujod","doi":"10.1016/j.clet.2025.101132","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clet.2025.101132","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper presents a Fault Rates Alpha-Tolerance Monte Carlo Simulation (FRAT-MCS) method for evaluating reliability in electrical distribution networks. Conventional Monte Carlo Simulation can produce results that differ significantly from actual utility fault data, leading to unreliable estimates of system performance. To address this, FRAT-MCS introduces upper and lower tolerance bounds on the number of interruptions for each network component. This ensures that simulated fault counts remain close to expected values based on real fault rates. The method also uses time-varying load profiles and daily fault probability curves. These features allow the simulation to reflect how demand and fault likelihood change over 24 h. The approach is tested on IEEE distribution test systems and compared with two other Monte Carlo methods. Results show that FRAT-MCS produces reliability indices with smaller standard deviations and tighter confidence intervals. This indicates improved precision and stronger repeatability. The method avoids generating unrealistic extreme interruption patterns while still capturing meaningful year-to-year variability. Statistical tests confirm that FRAT-MCS delivers stable and consistent outcomes across multiple simulation runs. These characteristics make FRAT-MCS suitable for network planning, regulatory reporting, and decision-making where reliable and reproducible reliability estimates are essential.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34618,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Engineering and Technology","volume":"30 ","pages":"Article 101132"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145738402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimization of hybrid renewable energy systems: Reliability, cost, and environmental trade-offs using PSO and GJO algorithms","authors":"Rawan Alsaqqar,&nbsp;Ahmad Abuelrub","doi":"10.1016/j.clet.2025.101131","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clet.2025.101131","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems (HRES) provide a sustainable and reliable solution for electrification in remote regions while reducing dependence on fossil fuels and minimizing environmental impact. This study develops an integrated optimization framework for designing an HRES composed of photovoltaic generation, diesel backup, and hydrogen storage components. The framework employs the emerging Golden Jackal Optimization (GJO) algorithm and compares its performance with the established Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) method used as a benchmark. The optimization minimizes the Total Net Present Cost (TNPC) while satisfying reliability and renewable energy portion (REP) constraints. Results show that GJO achieves slightly lower TNPC and improved convergence compared to PSO, demonstrating higher efficiency and robustness. Increasing REP from 0.1 to 0.9 enhances system sustainability by significantly reducing CO₂ emissions, although it raises TNPC by 39 %. The proposed framework provides a practical and scalable approach for cost-reliable design of hydrogen-integrated hybrid energy systems supporting Jordan's renewable energy goals.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34618,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Engineering and Technology","volume":"30 ","pages":"Article 101131"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145738401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advanced backfilling technology for maintaining pile installation precision in urban redevelopment","authors":"Haruka Kiyotomo ,&nbsp;Yuji Taya ,&nbsp;Masahiro Ueda ,&nbsp;Shinya Inazumi","doi":"10.1016/j.clet.2026.101150","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clet.2026.101150","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The accelerating pace of urban redevelopment has significantly increased the demand for pile removal, presenting critical challenges in maintaining ground stability and ensuring construction accuracy. This study presents a comprehensive methodology for achieving controlled, uniform strength characteristics in backfilled zones following pile extraction. This methodology combines the simultaneous penetration and injection of a cement-bentonite (CB) slurry with mechanical mixing using an optimized auger system. Through field implementation involving the removal of 350–400 mm diameter, 20 m deep prestressed concrete piles in cohesive clay ground conditions, the methodology achieved a mean unconfined compressive strength of over 100 kN/m² at 87 % of the sampling locations. Cores sampled 26 days after backfilling and tested 28 days after backfilling achieved a characteristic strength (mean minus one standard deviation) of 85–95 kN/m² depending on the location. This demonstrates improved uniformity (coefficient of variation 12–19 %). Laboratory mixing tests determined the optimal water-to-cement ratio to be between 500 and 600 percent, based on the pile body-to-perimeter soil ratio. Field validation with 45 new pile installations (1000 mm in diameter) adjacent to backfilled zones maintained positional accuracy within acceptable tolerance limits (≤100 mm). The highest eccentricity values were observed in the approximate 3–8 % overlap range. However, given that only 5 piles exhibited partial overlap, no statistical threshold can be established from this dataset. This observation is purely descriptive and indicative and is intended solely as a practical caution for future projects, not as a validated design criterion. This methodology provides a reliable solution for urban redevelopment projects involving cohesive clay ground conditions, with pile diameters ranging from 350 to 1000 mm and depths up to 20 m. New piles should be installed no earlier than 28 days after backfilling. Long-term performance beyond 90 days remains to be verified.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34618,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Engineering and Technology","volume":"30 ","pages":"Article 101150"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145977443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bioplastics from renewable waste: Safe and edible wrapping materials for farm animal feeds","authors":"Jaspreet Kaur ,&nbsp;Sibel Irmak","doi":"10.1016/j.clet.2026.101148","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clet.2026.101148","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Wrapping materials used for farm animal feeds (e.g., bales) are mostly polyethylene-based plastics which are required to be removed from the bales before feeding the farm animals. Feeding cattle without removing the plastic binding on the bales (grinding bales with wrap) causes serious problems on animal health. In the present study, the bioplastics were developed from low-grade woody biomass and low-value/non-edible proteins (poultry feathers keratin) as main ingredients. The bioplastic formulations were also composed of starch and glycerol in low quantities. The mixture containing biomass/feather ratio of 5/0.9 (w/w) and starch/glycerol ratio of 3.75/1 (w/w) resulted in a good bioplastic. Addition of PVA to the formulation in a small quantity (PVA/starch: 1/20, w/w) improved physical properties of the bioplastics (smoother and more even surface) while decreasing the carbohydrate content (starch or biomass) of the formulations resulted in fragile films. The bioplastics developed were susceptible to degradation in open environmental conditions as having high water absorption (95 %) and high transparency (1.74) values. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) showed that the bioplastics developed were thermally stable until 75 °C and not decomposed until 200 °C. These bioplastics also showed high digestibility in the rumen microbes (&gt;95 %) indicating they are edible and digestible for farm animals. One of the promising bioplastics withstood one year in a barn-like wooden room without considerable changes in its structure and with no degradation. However, this bioplastic completely degraded in 4 months in open environmental conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34618,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Engineering and Technology","volume":"30 ","pages":"Article 101148"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145977441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Underwater skimming improves retention and degradation of Cryptosporidium oocysts in slow sand filters","authors":"Sophie L. Bretagne ,&nbsp;Michael Chipps ,&nbsp;Ian Doggett ,&nbsp;Michael C.J. Bradwell ,&nbsp;Heide Hardiman ,&nbsp;Jim Harris ,&nbsp;Francis Hassard","doi":"10.1016/j.clet.2025.101134","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clet.2025.101134","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Cryptosporidium</em> oocysts are resilient protozoan pathogens that resist conventional disinfection, posing significant challenges to drinking water quality. Filtration processes like slow sand filters (SSFs) effectively remove these oocysts, but limited data exist on their fate in SSFs, particularly following maintenance practices such as skimming. This study examined the spatial and temporal distribution of inactivated <em>Cryptosporidium parvum</em> oocysts in pilot-scale SSF operated under two skimming regimes: dry skimming and underwater skimming. The underwater skim approach offers benefits in terms of production volume gains and reduced downtime, but pathogen removal has not been comprehensively assessed using this approach. Across two 4-day dosing periods, oocyst breakthrough was lower under UWS (UWS: 7.6 % vs DS: 47.0 % of filtrate samples were positive for oocysts). In addition, core samples were collected at six time points to track oocyst retention and vertical migration. In both underwater skim and dry skim slow sand filters, most oocysts were captured in the top 100 mm of the filter, gradually moving downward over time. Notably, underwater skim filters retained more oocysts in the upper layers than dry skim filters, resulting in lower breakthrough frequency. Although skimming did remove some oocysts in both regimes, the majority were rendered undetectable <em>in situ</em> through processes such as predation, enzymatic digestion, and natural decay—evidenced by the increasing proportion of oocyst-like bodies and their near-complete absence from the filtrate. Thus, underwater skim is a viable alternative to dry skim for <em>Cryptosporidium</em> removal, sustaining filter performance by trapping oocysts in the upper layers and maintaining similar rates of oocyst degradation. These insights support improved SSF maintenance strategies that enhance pathogen removal.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34618,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Engineering and Technology","volume":"30 ","pages":"Article 101134"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145925750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Photoreactive red mud cementitious composites for environmental remediation","authors":"Gurbir Kaur ,&nbsp;José María Fernández ,&nbsp;Íñigo Navarro-Blasco ,&nbsp;Sara Pavia ,&nbsp;José Ignacio Álvarez","doi":"10.1016/j.clet.2026.101153","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clet.2026.101153","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study explores the recycling of red mud (RM), an iron-rich and highly alkaline residue from the Bayer alumina refining process, as a partial substitute for cement and its valorisation as a low-cost multifunctional photocatalyst within cementitious composites. RM was incorporated as a partial cement substitute (≤15 wt%) in mortars in both oven-dried and thermally treated forms (300 °C and 600 °C), and its effect on hydration, workability, strength, microstructure, leaching behaviour, and embodied CO₂ emissions was assessed. The photocatalytic activity of RM mortars was examined through nitrogen oxide (NO_x) abatement under solar and visible light irradiation. The role of RM in modulating light absorption and its impact on the photocatalytic efficiency of titanium dioxide (TiO₂)-coated mortars was also assessed. Regardless of RM type, partial substitution up to 10 % maintained early-age strength comparable to control mix, whereas higher replacement levels reduced long-term mechanical performance due to limited pozzolanic activity of RM and increased macroporosity of matrix. RM incorporation enhanced photocatalytic efficiency, achieving &gt;8 % NO_x removal, fulfilling Class 3 air-purification criteria. TiO₂ coated RM samples showed 51 % higher visible-light NO_x abatement than control, attributed to strong interactions between TiO₂ and RM's hematite phase. Environmental safety was confirmed by &gt;99 % immobilisation of trace elements and controlled alkali release. Moreover, 15 % RM substitution reduced CO₂ emissions (∼12 %), costs (∼7 %), and life-cycle costs (∼3.5 %), emphasising its dual environmental and economic advantages. Collectively, these findings highlight RM as a high-value additive that couples waste valorisation with photocatalytic air-pollution mitigation, offering a scalable route toward greener construction materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34618,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Engineering and Technology","volume":"30 ","pages":"Article 101153"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146022633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}