Cleaner Engineering and Technology最新文献

{"title":"Application of the diffusion of innovation theory to identify factors affecting the use of treated wastewater in crop irrigation: a study in Tehran province","authors":"Moslem Savari ,&nbsp;Mohammad Shokati Amghani ,&nbsp;Ashraf Malekian","doi":"10.1016/j.clet.2025.101094","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clet.2025.101094","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The sustainability of water resources and their optimal utilization have emerged as critical global challenges. In Iran, water scarcity combined with population growth has intensified pressure on existing water supplies. Given the agricultural sector's substantial share in freshwater consumption, effective water resource management in this domain is particularly vital. One promising solution is the use of treated wastewater (TWW), which offers considerable economic, environmental, and social benefits. However, its adoption by farmers faces notable barriers. This study aims to investigate the factors influencing Iranian farmers' willingness to use TWW for irrigating agricultural crops. The research employs the Diffusion of Innovation (DOI) theoretical framework to analyze farmers' adoption behavior. Additionally, the study controls for individual-level variables within the model—an approach that has received limited attention in previous structural and model-based research. The statistical population comprises farmers in Tehran Province, located in central Iran. Data were collected via a structured questionnaire and analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM). The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the DOI framework, with all hypothesized relationships proving statistically significant. The model explains 60.1 % of the variance in farmers' acceptance of TWW for irrigation purposes. Key DOI constructs—relative advantage, compatibility, complexity, observability, and trialability—were found to significantly influence adoption. Despite its contributions, the study is limited by its geographic focus, the absence of broader cultural, institutional, and economic considerations, and constraints on the generalizability of its findings. Nevertheless, the results provide a valuable foundation for designing extension programs, educational initiatives, and policy support mechanisms aimed at promoting sustainable agriculture through the use of alternative water resources.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34618,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Engineering and Technology","volume":"29 ","pages":"Article 101094"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145269619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermodynamic and experimental insights toward an eco-friendly phosphorus production","authors":"Mohammad Khajouei,&nbsp;Brajesh K. Singh,&nbsp;Mohammad Latifi,&nbsp;Jamal Chaouki","doi":"10.1016/j.clet.2025.101092","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clet.2025.101092","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>High-purity phosphorus production from varying grades of phosphate ore typically involves energy-intensive and operationally complex processes. In this study, thermodynamic analyses and experimental validations were performed to evaluate the feasibility of phosphorus gas production through a sustainable process comprising thermal decomposition and smelting of phosphate ores. The thermal treatment, conducted without a reducing agent, facilitated the removal of carbon dioxide (CO₂) and heavy metals from the ore, simplifying downstream processing and reducing the size of required equipment. Experimental results confirmed that fluorapatite remains stable up to 900 °C and begins decomposing at higher temperatures, aligning closely with thermodynamic predictions. The subsequent smelting step, conducted with carbon as the reducing agent and silica as the fluxing agent, enabled over 95 % recovery of gaseous phosphorus at 1500 °C under optimal conditions.</div><div>Thermodynamic and experimental findings demonstrated that higher-grade phosphate ores necessitate higher operating temperatures for smelting. Optimal temperature ranges for thermal treatment and smelting of low-to high-grade phosphate ores were determined to be 800–1100 °C and 1300–1600 °C, respectively. Heavy metals such as cadmium, arsenic, and lead were fully removed during thermal treatment, while chromium, uranium, and vanadium predominantly remained in the slag phase during smelting. Zinc was the only heavy metal likely to co-mingle with gaseous phosphorus in the proposed process. The results validate the importance of fluxing and reducing agents in optimizing phosphorus recovery and highlight the potential for sustainable high-temperature processes. The influence of temperature, fluxing agents, and gaseous reactants on phosphorus recovery is thoroughly discussed, providing critical insights for process optimization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34618,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Engineering and Technology","volume":"29 ","pages":"Article 101092"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145269616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance analysis of vanadium redox flow battery for residential photovoltaic integrated energy storage system","authors":"Akeratana Noppakant ,&nbsp;Surasak Noituptim ,&nbsp;Sawek Pratummet ,&nbsp;Supapradit Marsong ,&nbsp;Wanwinit Wijittemee ,&nbsp;Sarun Nakthanom ,&nbsp;Boonyang Plangklang","doi":"10.1016/j.clet.2025.101087","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clet.2025.101087","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This research investigates the integration of photovoltaic (PV) rooftop systems with vanadium redox flow batteries (VRFB) for residential energy storage applications. Using solar irradiance data from the Bangkok Metropolitan Region and residential load profiles based on energy consumption statistics for Thai households, simulations were conducted using Homer Pro to evaluate system performance and optimize component sizing. The results showed that increasing PV capacity leads to significant surplus energy, which can be effectively stored in VRFB systems. A configuration consisting of a 6 kW PV system and a 35 kWh VRFB achieved an energy storage efficiency of 80.14 %, reduced electricity costs by 35 % compared to grid-only usage, and lowered annual CO₂ emissions by 4.73 ton CO₂/year relative to conventional fossil-based systems. Additionally, the system enhanced grid independence by fully eliminating peak demand fluctuations and maintained stable operation under varying solar conditions. These findings offered practical insights for the design of efficient and sustainable PV-VRFB systems in residential settings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34618,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Engineering and Technology","volume":"29 ","pages":"Article 101087"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145269618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploiting torrefied rubberwood pellets for sustainable energy in Southern Thailand: Integrated techno-economic and environmental optimization","authors":"Wipawee Dechapanya ,&nbsp;Jannisa Kasawapat ,&nbsp;Jonathon Huw Lewis ,&nbsp;Attaso Khamwichit","doi":"10.1016/j.clet.2025.101085","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clet.2025.101085","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the potential of torrefied rubberwood pellets (TWP) as a sustainable biofuel, using waste from southern Thailand's wood processing industry. A multi-criteria framework combining experimental analysis, CO₂ emission, and an Economic Environmental Index (EEI) was employed to optimize torrefaction conditions and evaluate industrial scalability. The optimal conditions were identified to be 288 °C for 30 min, resulting in a volumetric energy density of 16.10 GJ m⁻³ and an eco-efficiency of 0.16 %Y_E (kg CO_{2_eq}/kg biomass)⁻¹ USD⁻¹. This demonstrates a critical balance between energy quality and environmental impact. Compared to conventional wood pellets, torrefaction reduced CO₂ emissions by 27 %. GIS mapping was used to plan regional logistics routes, while scenario analyses demonstrated enhanced profitability (EEI ratio: 2.73) and carbon credit opportunities, reducing 2275 kg CO_{2_eq} per ton of coal replaced. The study establishes TWP as a carbon-negative biofuel suitable for power generation and cement production, supporting Thailand's transition to a circular bioeconomy. By bridging technological innovation with regional waste valorization, this research provides a replicable model for sustainable biomass utilization in tropical agro-industrial contexts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34618,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Engineering and Technology","volume":"29 ","pages":"Article 101085"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145222748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Artificial -neural -network and genetic -algorithm for optimization of helical -blade -vertical -axis -wind -turbine","authors":"Sepehr Sanaye,&nbsp;Armin Farvizi","doi":"10.1016/j.clet.2025.101088","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clet.2025.101088","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Wind energy as a renewable and sustainable type of energy has been attractive from past eras. Three helical blade vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT-3-HB) is suitable for the use in urban areas with low-speed wind flow due to its low required amount of torque for self-starting and its low noise generation. The optimization of VAWT-3-HB with application of Artificial -Neural -Network (ANN) and Genetic -Algorithm (GA) which are very important tools for proper design and improving the performance and of this category of wind turbine still is not covered in literature. For GA optimization procedure, the average power coefficient (<span><math><mrow><msub><mi>C</mi><mrow><mi>p</mi><mo>−</mo><mi>a</mi><mi>v</mi><mi>e</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></math></span>) was the objective function which had to be maximized. Design variables were airfoil chord length, helical angle, and the blade tip speed ratio which were selected after extensive 3-D-CFD simulation runs and examining all effective parameters. The optimal values of these parameters were obtained 0.42 m, 30 <span><math><mrow><mo>°</mo></mrow></math></span>, and 1.4 respectively. <span><math><mrow><msub><mi>C</mi><mrow><mi>p</mi><mo>−</mo><mi>a</mi><mi>v</mi><mi>e</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></math></span> at the optimum point was 0.1845 with 218 % rise (in comparison with 0.058 before optimization). Results of a 3-D-CFD simulation run with optimal values of design variables showed a good match between average power coefficients predicted by ANN-GA and predicted by 3-D-CFD simulation run with about 0.21 % difference.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34618,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Engineering and Technology","volume":"29 ","pages":"Article 101088"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145269621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Field validation of predictive model for greenhouse gas emissions from unsanitary landfill","authors":"Md. Tushar Ali,&nbsp;Qauzi Hamidul Bari,&nbsp;Islam M. Rafizul","doi":"10.1016/j.clet.2025.101086","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clet.2025.101086","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Unsanitary landfill practices in developing countries like Bangladesh significantly contribute to global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, exacerbating climate change impacts. GHG estimation and measurement often rely on approximate input data, overlooking waste height variations and leading to emission inconsistencies. This study employs LandGEM-V-3.03, integrating actual landfill waste deposition from truck scale monitoring, waste generation and collection trends, and a precisely estimated landfill lifespan for improved assessment. Additionally, a static closed flux chamber was used to measure CH₄ and CO₂ across four seasons at varying waste heights, which were precisely assessed using a LiDAR-based Digital Terrain Model (DTM). The study also examined emission correlations with temperature and humidity. Results show a sharp increase in methane emissions, peaking at 5.8 Gg/year in 2025, driven by waste-damping rates. Humidity exhibits a stronger correlation with methane emissions (R² = 0.998, 0.944 for model and field) and is statistically significant (p &lt; 0.05), unlike temperature. A similar trend was observed for CO₂, where emissions were significantly higher than CH₄ (CH₄-to-CO₂ ratio 0.25 to 0.57) due to both aerobic and anaerobic production modes. Field measurements underestimated emissions by 5–20 %, with the highest emissions and discrepancies occurring during monsoon. Waste height significantly influenced CH₄ emissions (R² = 0.82, p = 0.00), increasing at 2.88 mg/m²/min per meter, while CO₂ emissions showed a weaker, statistically insignificant correlation (R² = 0.4, p &gt; 0.05). The study highlights the critical need for improved landfill management practices and precise emission monitoring for effective GHG mitigation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34618,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Engineering and Technology","volume":"29 ","pages":"Article 101086"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145222749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From cost-centering to sustainability: A review of Pollution Routing Problems","authors":"Reza Shahin ,&nbsp;Maxim A. Dulebenets","doi":"10.1016/j.clet.2025.101082","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clet.2025.101082","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Recent studies on Vehicle Routing Problems (VRP) have substantially expanded to incorporate environmental considerations into transportation planning. Traditionally, the predominant objectives in transportation optimization revolved around reducing costs, time, or distance. However, with the increasing significance of sustainability and the management of environmental costs, logistics service providers and retailers have shifted their attention to greening their operations. In light of this, the Pollution-Routing Problem (PRP) has emerged to harmonize economic and environmental facets of transportation efforts. Despite the extensive research on the problem, there exists a notable absence of systematic reviews. As such, this review article sheds light on the evolution of the problem literature from its introduction in 2011 to 2024, reviewing 75 papers. In this study, the research on the PRP is categorized based on the taxonomy, objective function, and methodologies applied throughout the years. Finally, we pinpoint several areas of potential exploration that will serve as a blueprint for future research directions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34618,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Engineering and Technology","volume":"29 ","pages":"Article 101082"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145159171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unlocking the potential of copper sulfide tailings as a secondary source for tellurium and precious metals: a comprehensive characterization study","authors":"Fardis Nakhaei ,&nbsp;Lana Alagha ,&nbsp;Gary Wyss","doi":"10.1016/j.clet.2025.101081","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clet.2025.101081","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigated historical copper sulfide tailings as an unconventional source of tellurium (Te), gold (Au), and silver (Ag). Advanced analytical studies were conducted to determine the geochemical and mineralogical properties of the tailing samples. The results showed that tetradymite (Bi2Te2S) was the predominant Te-bearing mineral, while hessite (Ag₂Te) was a minor Te carrier, both notably occurring within fine-grained (&lt;8 μm) inclusions in pyrite. Gold was present as native Au, electrum (Au-Ag), and within complex silver tellurides hosted primarily in chalcopyrite and pyrite. Froth flotation studies showed that the 180 to 38 μm size range was the optimum feed size that yielded recoveries of 59 %, 37 %, and 27 % for Te, Au, and Ag, respectively. These findings suggested that froth flotation is a feasible method for concentrating Te-Au-Ag-bearing phases. Given the strong association between Te, Au, Ag, and Cu, the co-extraction of these metals should significantly enhance the economic viability of tailings’ processing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34618,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Engineering and Technology","volume":"29 ","pages":"Article 101081"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145119768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sustainable power generation in Kuwait: Reducing pollutants and costs through innovative additive technology","authors":"Asmaa A. Esmael,&nbsp;Naser S. Alselahi,&nbsp;Nayef Z. Al-Mutairi","doi":"10.1016/j.clet.2025.101078","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clet.2025.101078","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The use of low-quality heavy fuel oil in Kuwait's thermal power plants has resulted in considerable operating inefficiencies and increased emissions of sulfur oxides (SO_x), nitrogen oxides (NO_x), and unburned carbon. These problems elevate maintenance costs, diminish boiler efficiency, and exacerbate environmental deterioration. This research assesses the efficacy of a water-in-oil emulsifier and a magnesium-based neutralizer in improving combustion performance and reducing emissions. Field studies were conducted in partnership with the Ministry of Electricity and Water (MEW) from 2016 to 2018 at four major power plants, with performance metrics assessed before and after treatment. The analysis included unburned carbon in fly ash, nitrogen oxides (NO_x) concentrations, ash pH, free mineral acidity, and the dew point temperature of sulfuric acid.</div><div>The findings indicated that the additional treatment decreased unburned carbon by around 40 % and NO_x by as much as 80 %, while concurrently reducing surplus air demands and enhancing heat exchange efficiency. Estimated fuel cost reductions ranged from 51.4 to 77.0 million USD yearly, depending upon operational circumstances. The use of additives decreased boiler fouling and corrosion, hence prolonging equipment life and reducing maintenance requirements. This research demonstrates that the application of fuel-oil additives represents a financially viable and environmentally beneficial strategy for Kuwait's thermal power industry, offering a practical pathway toward cleaner and more sustainable energy production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34618,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Engineering and Technology","volume":"29 ","pages":"Article 101078"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145269620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Implementation of Humidification-Dehumidification Desalination system for COP enhancement in cold storage unit","authors":"K. Srithar,&nbsp;R. Venkatesan,&nbsp;S. Ram Bala Ganesh,&nbsp;S. Leo Arockiasamy","doi":"10.1016/j.clet.2025.101079","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clet.2025.101079","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The main aim of this study is to improve the COP of the Cold Storage system by integrating it with a HDH desalination system which produces water as a by-product. So, a conventional Cold Storage system is integrated to a novel HDH desalination system equipped with a mixed flow heat exchanger and their performance is evaluated experimentally. Water-cooled de-superheater and the mixed flow heat exchanger have been connected to the existing Cold Storage unit via refrigerant pipelines. A novel mixed flow heat exchanger with two types of air turbulators namely V – baffles and rectangular baffles were used to recover the waste heat. They have been tested experimentally to increase the heat transfer and condensation in the dehumidifier section. Air and water flow rates are varied from 682 kg/h to 2059 kg/h and from 617 kg/h to 1112 kg/h respectively. The cold storage unit is tested with five different loads of 220 W, 440 W, 660 W, 880 W and 1100 W. When air and water mass flow rates are 2059 kg/h and 617 kg/h respectively, V - baffles produced a maximum COP of 4.76 which is an increase of 18.69 % from conventional unit for a load of 220 W. At an air flow rate of 682 kg/s, the highest humidifier efficiency of 91.6 %, and maximum gain output ratio of 0.367 and recovery ratio of 0.077 are obtained.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34618,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Engineering and Technology","volume":"29 ","pages":"Article 101079"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145098081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}