Cleaner Engineering and Technology最新文献

{"title":"Environment-friendly catholytes in electrokinetic remediation of heavy metal-contaminated loamy soil: Towards sustainable practice","authors":"J. Akansha ,&nbsp;N. Rajasekar","doi":"10.1016/j.clet.2026.101162","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clet.2026.101162","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Soil contaminated with heavy metals (HM) has emerged as a serious global concern. These HM can migrate within the soil and leach into ground and surface water bodies, thus can easily enter the food chain. Hence, development of efficient and cost-effective remediation techniques are required. Electrokinetic remediation (EKR) is one such method that can effectively remove various pollutants from diverse wastes and soil mediums. In this study, an attempt was made to investigate and remediate multiple HM, such as aluminium (Al), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), and manganese (Mn), from a highly polluted loamy soil site in Tamil Nadu, India. Experimental studies were conducted for a duration of 10 days using five distinct catholytes and graphite plate electrodes. Constant voltage gradient of 2 V/cm was supplied through the electrodes. The study underscores the critical role played by different catholytes adopted in EKR technique for pollutant extraction. Thus, offering a new approach for treating industrially contaminated loamy soils. The results depict that potassium chloride (KCl) was most effective for extracting Cr (28.1 %), while hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) worked best for removing Cu (29.35 %), Fe (61.4 %), Mn (29.5 %), and Al (35 %) from the soil.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34618,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Engineering and Technology","volume":"31 ","pages":"Article 101162"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146191487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-Method analysis including 57Fe Mössbauer Spectroscopy to quantify vivianite for phosphorus recovery in real wastewater environments","authors":"Lobna Amin ,&nbsp;Fredrik Lindroos ,&nbsp;Eeva-Leena Rautama ,&nbsp;Raed A. Al-Juboori ,&nbsp;Marina Graan ,&nbsp;Sabrina Guerin ,&nbsp;Johan Lindén ,&nbsp;Mathieu Sperandio ,&nbsp;Anna Mikola","doi":"10.1016/j.clet.2026.101166","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clet.2026.101166","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Phosphorus recovery from wastewater is increasingly vital due to its limited availability and essential role in food production. This study investigates the formation and quantification of vivianite, a promising pathway for phosphorus recovery, in Viikinmäki wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) in Helsinki, Finland, utilizing a combination of ⁵⁷Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy at 300.0 K and 5.6 K, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and chemical analysis. The study revealed the strengths and limitations of Mössbauer spectroscopy, using the multi-method analysis. The findings highlight the effectiveness of Mössbauer spectroscopy in distinguishing vivianite from other rarely discussed iron phases such as siderite and ferrihydrite. XRD confirmed the presence of crystalline phases, while chemical analysis provided a clear differentiation between Fe²⁺ and Fe³⁺, crucial for distinguishing vivianite Fe³⁺ from other components. Single approaches for estimating the recovery potential of phosphorus were compared. These methods had the tendency to overestimate the amount of phosphorus that can be recovered as vivianite. However, the multi-method analysis provided the most realistic balanced estimates. Practical recommendations are offered to WWTP operators to monitor the enhancement of phosphorus recovery efficiency, complying with evolving stringent regulations, and optimizing coagulant dosing. This comprehensive approach bridges the gap between academic research and real-world application, promoting sustainable wastewater management practices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34618,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Engineering and Technology","volume":"31 ","pages":"Article 101166"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146191490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimized biomass and bioethanol production from dairy industry side streams by Saccharomyces cerevisiae ATCC 13007 under aerobic and microaerophilic conditions","authors":"Liana Anikyan ,&nbsp;Anahit Shirvanyan ,&nbsp;Mari Gasparyan ,&nbsp;Ani Paloyan ,&nbsp;Karen Trchounian ,&nbsp;Anna Poladyan","doi":"10.1016/j.clet.2026.101160","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clet.2026.101160","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Dairy industry by-products possess high nutritional value, making them suitable substrates for microbial biomass, enzyme, and biofuel production. This study evaluated the potential of sweet whey (SW) and acid whey (AW) for yeast biomass and bioethanol production using the ale-brewing super-attenuated strain <em>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</em> ATCC 13007. To enhance production yields, SW and AW were pretreated with an archaeal thermostable β-glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.21) to hydrolyze lactose into fermentable sugars. Experiments were conducted under aerobic and microaerophilic conditions to assess the effects of oxygen availability on yeast growth and fermentation efficiency. The highest biomass (OD₆₀₀ = 2.20) and specific growth rate (0.40 ± 0.01 h⁻¹) were obtained in 2-fold diluted AW under aerobic conditions, representing a 30–50 % increase compared to microaerophilic conditions. Both SW and AW exhibited significant reductions in pH (∼1.00 ± 0.03) and oxidation–reduction potential (150 ± 10 mV), correlating with yeast metabolic activity. Volatile solids reached 33 ± 0.9 g L⁻¹ in 2-fold diluted AW at 48 h, indicating strong fermentative activity. Protein content approximately doubled under aerobic growth in both substrates but declined in microaerophilic conditions, highlighting the importance of oxygen in biomass and metabolite synthesis. The maximal protein yield (∼52 % of total organic carbon) was achieved in non-diluted SW after 120 h of aerobic cultivation, while the highest ethanol concentration (4.5 ± 0.1 g L ⁻¹) was observed in 2-fold diluted SW after 24 h under microaerophilic conditions. Aerobic conditions resulted in a 10-fold increase in alcohol dehydrogenase activity compared to microaerophilic cultures. Overall, oxygen availability significantly influenced yeast biomass and bioethanol production, demonstrating the feasibility of dairy by-products as cost-effective substrates for single-cell protein and bioethanol generation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34618,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Engineering and Technology","volume":"31 ","pages":"Article 101160"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146191376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Critical enablers for lean construction diffusion in megaprojects: A framework for sustainable and efficient infrastructure development","authors":"Abdelazim Ibrahim ,&nbsp;Tarek Zayed ,&nbsp;Zoubeir Lafhaj ,&nbsp;Ahmed Farouk Kineber ,&nbsp;Ghasan Alfalah ,&nbsp;Jingchao Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.clet.2026.101158","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clet.2026.101158","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Construction megaprojects (CMPs) face persistent challenges, including cost overruns, delays, stakeholder misalignment, and growing demands for sustainability, all of which threaten their success and long-term value. Lean Construction (LC) offers a socio-technical pathway to reconcile scale, speed, and sustainability. Yet, while prior research has identified barriers and success factors for LC adoption, there remains a critical gap in understanding how to prioritize and sequence enablers for systemic diffusion, especially under resource and institutional constraints. Addressing this, the present study reconceptualizes LC implementation as a multi-level diffusion process, wherein the salience of enablers shifts with context, method, and implementation phase. Using a mixed-methods approach, this study begins with a literature review to identify potential LC enablers. Mean score analysis is then used to prioritize significant enablers, while the Fuzzy Relative Importance Index (FRII) assesses their relative significance. Fuzzy Synthetic Evaluation (FSE) ranks the grouped enablers. Data from 379 construction professionals in China informed the analysis, leading to the identification of 30 LCEs. Results reveal six critical components driving LC diffusion, with “Resource and Knowledge Availability” emerging as the most influential, followed by “Planning and Operational Efficiency”, “Process Improvement and Waste Elimination”, and “Strategic and Leadership Initiatives”. The findings underscore the interplay of organizational, operational, and strategic factors in LC implementation. By addressing multi-criteria complexity and expert judgment ambiguity, this study offers actionable insights for practitioners and policymakers. It contributes a robust decision-making framework that supports sustainable and efficient practices, paving the way toward transformative outcomes in CMPs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34618,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Engineering and Technology","volume":"31 ","pages":"Article 101158"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146191485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the effect of sulfate level on the properties of limestone calcined clay cement (LC3): Mechanical performance, hydration kinetics and microstructure development","authors":"Yilin Pi ,&nbsp;Wei Xu ,&nbsp;Yu Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.clet.2026.101168","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clet.2026.101168","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Limestone calcined clay cement (LC3) is attracting significant interest for its carbon mitigation potential. Optimizing sulfate level is critical for strength improvement of LC3, however, this remains challenging owing to competitive reactions among Al³⁺/SO₄²⁻/CO₃²⁻ that govern hydration pathways. This study investigated the effect of sulfate on hydration kinetics, strength development, phase assemblage and microstructure evolution of LC3 systems. Results demonstrated that sulfate suppresses nucleation kinetics but accelerates interfacial reactions. Crucially, the optimal sulfate dosage maximized the strength by balancing the precipitation of ettringite and carbonaluminates, reducing porosity by 19.4% compared to the reference group. Excess sulfate promoted delayed ettringite formation, increasing pores (&gt;200 nm) by 28% and inducing microcracking. Thermodynamic modeling further confirmed the competitive mechanism of phase formation. The findings demonstrated that precise sulfate dosage is a critical parameter in LC3 mix proportion design, enabling the synergistic enhancement of mechanical performance and environmental sustainability, which is essential for its reliable large-scale application.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34618,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Engineering and Technology","volume":"31 ","pages":"Article 101168"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146191484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bio-inspired resilience of electric power systems: A decentralized approach","authors":"Tianye Wang,&nbsp;Ekundayo Shittu","doi":"10.1016/j.clet.2026.101192","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clet.2026.101192","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study develops a decentralized, bio-inspired self-healing framework to enhance the resilience and sustainability of electrical power systems under disruptive events. Qualitatively inspired by biological principles of environmental awareness, redundancy, and autonomous coordination, the proposed approach enables networked zones and microgrids to detect failures locally and initiate recovery without centralized control. Unlike conventional recovery-constrained dispatch and switch-placement strategies, the framework dynamically adapts restoration decisions while jointly optimizing operational performance and environmental objectives. The method is evaluated using a stochastic cost-minimization model applied to the IEEE 39-bus test system under multiple simultaneous failure scenarios. Quantitative results show that the bio-inspired approach reduces expected economic losses by 91% relative to the base case (compared to 78% for a switching strategy) and accelerates system recovery from <span><math><mrow><mn>10</mn><mo>−</mo><mn>11</mn></mrow></math></span> time steps to 6 time steps. Renewable energy utilization increases by 36% relative to the base case, indicating improved integration of clean generation during both normal operation and post-disruption recovery. Faster restoration and higher renewable utilization directly reduce reliance on carbon-intensive emergency generation, such as diesel backup units commonly deployed during prolonged outages. By shortening outage duration and displacing fossil-based generation during recovery, the proposed framework contributes to measurable CO<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></math></span> emission reductions and avoids energy losses associated with repeated shutdown–restart cycles. In addition, the number of unsatisfied buses is reduced by half, and expected financial losses decline by more than 70%, reflecting improved energy efficiency and reduced operational waste. Overall, the results demonstrate that decentralized, bio-inspired recovery can simultaneously strengthen power system resilience and advance cleaner, lower-carbon grid operation, offering a scalable pathway for sustainable infrastructure design under increasing disruption risk.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34618,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Engineering and Technology","volume":"31 ","pages":"Article 101192"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147612612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Technoeconomic and environmental assessment of enzyme-based low-phenylalanine protein for phenylketonuria","authors":"Kunal Meena,&nbsp;Nidhi Adlakha","doi":"10.1016/j.clet.2026.101185","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clet.2026.101185","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents a techno-economic and life cycle analysis of an enzyme-driven process for producing an affordable and sustainable low-phenylalanine protein supplement from crude protein. This method leverages immobilized Phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) to produce alternative options to the amino-acid-based protein supplements that are currently available. Here, we have optimized the binding and conversion efficiency of bioconjugate to catalyze deamination of bulk phenylalanine present in protein hydrolysate. The scale-up was optimized and further simulated to produce 200 metric tons of processed protein annually for the management of Phenylketonuria (PKU). This scale-up was modeled using the scale-down data from 3, 14, and 50 L volumes. Our analysis indicated that performing enzyme production in a 5000 L bioreactor reduced enzyme costs by 57.5% compared to smaller scales, achieving a total production cost of $1.47/kg of low-Phe protein. Almost 69% of the total cost is attributed to raw materials, with the procurement of crude protein and Tris-Cl buffer being the major expense drivers. The Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) results demonstrated significant environmental trade-offs: the enzymatic route reduced greenhouse gas emissions by 40% compared to synthetic amino acid blends but incurred higher land and water use due to agricultural inputs and fermentation. This study confirms the strategic rationale, emphasizing scale optimization and enzyme recycling for cost-effective, high-volume therapeutic protein formulations for patients with PKU.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34618,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Engineering and Technology","volume":"31 ","pages":"Article 101185"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147612613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A carbon emission monitoring method based on the average velocity across flue cross-sections","authors":"Yutong Jiang ,&nbsp;Chenghua Zhang ,&nbsp;Kaiwen Feng ,&nbsp;Zhihui Zheng ,&nbsp;Jing Yan ,&nbsp;Hairong Wang ,&nbsp;Lei Lan ,&nbsp;Hailiang Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.clet.2026.101155","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clet.2026.101155","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accurate carbon accounting is essential for equitable global carbon trading, particularly in energy-intensive industries. Existing online monitoring systems enable real-time tracking of flue gas parameters but are often hindered by high costs and low accuracy. To address these challenges, this study proposes a carbon emission monitoring method based on the average flow velocity across the flue cross-section. Simulation results indicate that positioning sensors within the central 0.375D to 0.625D region (where D is the flue diameter) minimizes radial velocity deviations and improves measurement uniformity. A customized laboratory platform validated the proposed method, achieving a 5 % average error between measured and actual emissions. Field verification in a cement plant further demonstrated a relative error of 3.58 % compared with the traditional equal-area method. This method significantly reduces the number of required flow sensors while maintaining comparable accuracy, offering a cost-effective and reliable solution for industrial carbon emission monitoring.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34618,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Engineering and Technology","volume":"31 ","pages":"Article 101155"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146090680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Activated carbon–embedded free-standing glucomannan membrane for efficient dye removal","authors":"Masahide Hagiri ,&nbsp;Momoki Kanari ,&nbsp;Misaki Morota ,&nbsp;Keita Kashima","doi":"10.1016/j.clet.2026.101165","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clet.2026.101165","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A free-standing composite membrane was successfully fabricated by embedding activated carbon (AC) into a konjac glucomannan (KGM) matrix, and its performance in removing methylene blue (MB) from aqueous solution was evaluated. The resulting KGM and AC membrane exhibited high mechanical stability and uniform AC dispersion, which was achieved by incorporating polyethylene glycol as a dispersion aid. Adsorption experiments revealed that the membrane retained nearly the full adsorption capacity of raw powdered AC. For membranes with a mass fraction of AC (<em>MF</em>_AC) of 0.83, the capacity reached up to 280 mg g⁻¹, compared to 330 mg g⁻¹ for raw AC with <em>MF</em>_AC equal to 1.0. Although the adsorption rate decreased due to diffusion resistance within the membrane matrix, the equilibrium adsorption capacity remained comparable to that of the raw AC, indicating that the internal adsorption sites were fully accessible. The adsorption behavior followed the Langmuir isotherm, indicating monolayer adsorption, and the maximum capacity increased in proportion to <em>MF</em>_AC. Permeation experiments demonstrated that the membranes maintained a stable pure water flux under moderate pressure up to 0.30 MPa, with an estimated pore radius in the range of 10 to 50 nm. Under continuous flow conditions, the membranes achieved high rejection of MB greater than 99% until saturation, although some reduction in capacity was observed due to concentration polarization and internal transport limitations. These findings highlight the potential of KGM-based composite membranes as multifunctional adsorbents that are suitable for integrated adsorption and filtration systems in water purification.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34618,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Engineering and Technology","volume":"31 ","pages":"Article 101165"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146191374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Applied machine learning multi-model benchmarking to plastic waste pyrolysis for optimizing crude oil yield production","authors":"Jose Romero Castro,&nbsp;Guinel Zapata Alfaro,&nbsp;Edilberto Avalos-Ortecho,&nbsp;Silvia Ponce Alvarez","doi":"10.1016/j.clet.2026.101198","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clet.2026.101198","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Optimizing crude fuel yield in catalytic pyrolysis of non-recyclable plastic waste remains a major challenge due to high-dimensional process variables and costly experiments. Machine Learning (ML) promises a data-driven solution, but published studies often report inflated performance from data leakage or improper Machine Learning applications. This study implements a leakage-free ML pipeline via a seven-stage Kanban workflow process applied to 754 pyrolysis experiments. 18 supervised ML algorithms, spanning neural networks, tree-based boosters, and ensemble methods, were evaluated. Tailored preprocessing imputation, dimensionality evaluation via PCA/KPCA, and synthetic augmentation were confined to training folds before stratified splitting. Model performance was assessed using MAE, MSE, RMSE, R², residuals, distribution analyses, and Q–Q plots under five-fold cross-validation. EvoTree Regressor was implemented in Julia for computational efficiency, while all other stages remained in Python. Also, real experimental reactor conditions were optimized via Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), benchmarked against Random Search, yielding a 56.95 % liquid fraction (baseline 20 %). Results of crude oil show a calorific value of 17.94 kJ/g and density of 0.768 g/cm³ in 2 real experiment trials. FTIR analysis confirmed structural differences under optimized conditions. All code and data are openly available, establishing a reproducible, leakage-free framework to accelerate sustainable waste-to-fuel research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34618,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Engineering and Technology","volume":"31 ","pages":"Article 101198"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147612614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}