Cleaner Engineering and Technology最新文献

{"title":"Sustainable geopolymer footpath block using kaolin mining waste as fine aggregate with bagasse fly ash and coal fly ash as precursor","authors":"Kitisak Vongsook ,&nbsp;Aroondet Boonsung ,&nbsp;Itthikorn Phummiphan ,&nbsp;Suksun Horpibulsuk ,&nbsp;Veena Phunpeng ,&nbsp;Teerasak Yaowarat ,&nbsp;Kanchana Hiranwatthana ,&nbsp;Arul Arulrajah","doi":"10.1016/j.clet.2025.100975","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clet.2025.100975","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aims to develop environmentally friendly footpath blocks by utilizing Kaolin Mining Waste (KMW) as a fine aggregate and fly ash (FA)/bagasse fly ash (BFA) blends as a precursor in the geopolymerization process. These materials, considered industrial by-products, offer the potential for reuse, reducing the reliance on natural resources while promoting sustainability. The experimental works involved substituting FA with BFA at varying proportions by binder weight to identify the optimal ratio for producing footpath blocks that meet standard mechanical requirements. The mechanical characteristics of the footpath blocks were evaluated by testing compressive and flexural strengths, and water absorption. The results indicated that replacing 10 % of FA with BFA (FA90BFA10) accomplished the maximum 28-day compressive strength of 15.6 MPa. A KMW/P ratio of 1.0 proved most effective in increasing flexural strength and minimizing water absorption. Microstructural analysis revealed that combining BFA substitution and the optimal KMW/P ratio created a dense geopolymer matrix with low porosity, enhancing the material's strength and durability. This research demonstrates that integrating KMW, FA, and BFA effectively produces footpath blocks with mechanical properties that meet the local industry standard. Incorporating these agricultural and coal-combustion by-products reduces industrial waste while fostering the manufacture of sustainable footpath block which supports long-term resource conservation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34618,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Engineering and Technology","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 100975"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143886649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimizing natural fiber content and types for enhanced strength and long-term durability in high-performance concrete","authors":"Osama Zaid ,&nbsp;Rayeh Nasr Al-Dala'ien ,&nbsp;Mohamed M. Arbili ,&nbsp;Yasser Alashker","doi":"10.1016/j.clet.2025.100983","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clet.2025.100983","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fiber-reinforced concrete (FRC) is widely recognized for its enhanced ductility, energy efficiency, and sustainability. However, achieving these benefits without compromising mechanical and durability performance remains a challenge. Natural fibers have gained significant attention as a sustainable and cost-effective alternative to synthetic fibers due to their low carbon footprint. This study investigates the effects of incorporating three types of natural fibers—jute fibers (JFs), banana fibers (BFs), and coconut fibers (CFs)—into high-performance concrete (HPC), with volume fractions ranging from 0 % to 0.75 %. Their performance was systematically compared with that of polypropylene fibers (PPFs), a commonly used synthetic fiber in FRC. The results showed a reduction in workability with increasing fiber content, with JFs having the most significant impact. In terms of compressive strength, JFs provided slightly superior results compared to both PPFs and other natural fibers. For indirect tensile strength (ITS) and modulus of rupture (MOR), JFs and PPFs outperformed BFs and CFs. The optimum fiber volume fraction for enhancing ITS and MOR was identified as 0.60 %. At this dosage, BFs, JFs, and CFs improved ITS by 22–90 % and MOR by 46–96.5 % at both 28 and 90 days, relative to the reference HPC mix, indicating their substantial contribution to mechanical performance. However, fiber contents exceeding 0.75 % negatively affected the impermeability, capillary absorption, freeze–thaw resistance, and thermal performance of HPC. Despite these drawbacks, the fiber-reinforced mixes still performed better than the control mix. To mitigate the adverse effects of higher fiber contents, the incorporation of micro-silica and suitable chemical admixtures is recommended to preserve the integrity and durability of HPC while maximizing the benefits of natural fiber reinforcement.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34618,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Engineering and Technology","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 100983"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143876755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancement of combustion performance and emission control in Bauhinia malabarica biodiesel-diesel blends using aluminium oxide nanoparticles and electrostatic precipitators","authors":"Suresh Vellaiyan","doi":"10.1016/j.clet.2025.100981","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clet.2025.100981","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the enrichment of combustion performance and emission features of <em>Bauhinia malabarica</em> biodiesel (BMB)-diesel mixtures through the addition of aluminium oxide (Al₂O₃) nanoparticles and the use of electrostatic precipitators (ESPs) to mitigate nanoparticle emissions. Different volume concentrations of BMB were combined with conventional diesel fuel (CDF), and 100 ppm of Al₂O₃ was dispersed into 30 % BMB-CDF blends using ultrasonication with a surfactant. The combustion analysis exposed that the addition of BMB to CDF reduced in-cylinder pressure while increasing net heat release and advancing the crank angle for peak values. The 30 % BMB blend led to a drop in brake thermal efficiency (BTE), with a corresponding upsurge in brake-specific fuel consumption (BSFC) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions of 10.4 %, 11.3 %, and 10.9 %, respectively. However, formations of hydrocarbons (HC), carbon monoxide (CO), smoke, and particulate matter (PM) decreased by 14.3 %, 6.3 %, 11.1 %, and 12.5 %, respectively. The incorporation of Al₂O₃ nanoparticles improved BTE by 5.2 % and reduced BSFC, HC, CO, NOx, and smoke by 4.2 %, 13.7 %, 14.9 %, 5.8 %, and 15.5 %, respectively. Although PM emissions increased by 47.2 % with the nanoparticle-enriched blend, integration of the ESP effectively captured exhaust nanoparticles, reducing PM emissions by 54.2 %. This study reveals the potential of Al₂O₃ nanoparticle-enriched BMB mixtures in enlightening combustion performance and dropping most emissions, with ESP serving as an effective tool for controlling nanoparticle emissions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34618,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Engineering and Technology","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 100981"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143876754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Critical success factors for ICT integration in agri-food sector: Pathways for decarbonization and sustainability","authors":"Isha Sharma ,&nbsp;Bishal Dey Sarkar ,&nbsp;Sandeep Jagtap","doi":"10.1016/j.clet.2025.100982","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clet.2025.100982","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A decarbonized agri-food sector may provide consumers with nutritious, secure, and reasonably priced food with a lower carbon impact. Decarbonizing the agri-food sector is intricate and necessitates a holistic strategy. Technological advancements, like Information and Communication Technologies (ICT), might be the solution. This study analyses the critical success factors (CSFs) for ICT integration in the agri-food sector in the Western and North Western States of India based on empirical data collected and analyzed. The study proposes a framework that determines and ranks the significant factors for ICT integration in the agri-food sector to achieve the decarbonization goals by utilizing the fuzzy evidential reasoning approach (FERA) and the evidential reasoning approach (EFA). The factors are examined based on the Technological, Organization, and Environmental (TOE) criteria. The results show that the most significant factors contributing to the effective implementation of ICT in the agri-food sector are continuous innovation and R&amp;D, supportive policies and regulations, and cost-effectiveness. The results will assist managers and decision-makers in creating effective policies and making knowledgeable choices that will support sustainable growth in the agri-food industry by lowering carbon emissions through effective ICT integration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34618,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Engineering and Technology","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 100982"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143869428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance of functionalized CNT membranes for desalination - Parametric effects and Artificial neural network modelling","authors":"Deepa Durairaj ,&nbsp;Santhosh Paramasivam ,&nbsp;Natarajan Rajamohan ,&nbsp;Manivasagan Rajasimman ,&nbsp;Ragothaman M. Yennamalli ,&nbsp;Roberto Baccoli ,&nbsp;Gianluca Gatto","doi":"10.1016/j.clet.2025.100977","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clet.2025.100977","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Desalination, decisive for mitigating global water scarcity, faces challenges due to the high energy consumption and operational costs associated with traditional methods like reverse osmosis and distillation. The present research investigated the efficiency of eight combinations of fabricated single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) composite membranes with -OH, -COOH, and -NH₂ functionalities for the removal of salt under varying flow rates (100, 150, 200, and 250 ml/h) and influent (2500, 3000, 4000, 5000 mg/l) rates by membrane filtration. Isothermal analysis was conducted to evaluate the membranes' performance in removing dissolved sodium chloride in de-ionized water. Efficient salt removal was observed with amino-functionalized SWCNTs (84 % salt rejection with 2500 mg/l feed) compared to other functionalized MWCNTs at a flow rate of 200 ml/h. Among the two isotherms, Langmuir isotherm fitted the experimental data better than the Freundlich equation. An Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model was used to predict the behaviour of the membranes under different conditions. The model's predictions closely aligned with the observed experimental outcomes, affirming its reliability and utility in optimizing membrane performance. While amino-functionalized SWCNTs outperformed MWCNTs in desalination applications, potential challenges related to scalability and long-term stability were identified. Future work will explore these aspects to enhance practical applicability and cost-efficiency in large-scale operations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34618,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Engineering and Technology","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 100977"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143876753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of environmentally sustainable geopolymer-based soil solidifiers using waste siding and glass powders","authors":"Shinya Inazumi ,&nbsp;Ryo Hashimoto ,&nbsp;Yoji Hontani ,&nbsp;Atsuya Yoshimoto ,&nbsp;Ken-ichi Shishido ,&nbsp;Kuo Chieh Chao","doi":"10.1016/j.clet.2025.100976","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clet.2025.100976","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study develops an environmentally sustainable soil solidifier by utilizing Siding Cut Powder (SCP), an industrial by-product, activated with Earth Silica (ES), an innovative alkaline stimulant derived from recycled waste glass. Laboratory tests were conducted on various formulations of SCP and ES, with and without additives such as Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) and calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)₂). The results demonstrated that SCP activated with ES significantly enhanced the compressive strength of the soil, exceeding the 160 kN/m² threshold required for construction-grade soil. The addition of OPC and Ca(OH)₂ further improved performance, while thermal treatment of SCP at 110 °C and 200 °C reduced the required amount of solidifier without compromising strength.</div><div>Environmental assessments initially identified concerns regarding arsenic (As) leaching in SCP formulations, partially attributed to the recycled glass content in ES. However, the incorporation of Ca(OH)₂ effectively mitigated As leaching by forming stable calcium arsenate compounds, ensuring compliance with environmental standards. SEM-EDS analysis revealed the formation of silicate and aluminosilicate compounds, with calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H) contributing to improved mechanical stability and durability. These findings indicate that SCP and ES provide a viable, low-carbon alternative to OPC-based solidifiers, supporting sustainable construction practices. The implications of this study include potential reductions in construction waste and carbon emissions, as well as new opportunities for recycling industrial by-products in geotechnical applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34618,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Engineering and Technology","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 100976"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143869426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mineralisation as a carbon sink for DAC: A case-study for solar thermal process integration","authors":"Dia Milani ,&nbsp;Haftom Weldekidan ,&nbsp;Wilson Gardner ,&nbsp;Phillip Fawell ,&nbsp;Robbie McDonald ,&nbsp;Paul Feron ,&nbsp;Michael Rae ,&nbsp;Geoff Drewer ,&nbsp;Graeme Puxty ,&nbsp;Nouman Mirza ,&nbsp;Phil Green","doi":"10.1016/j.clet.2025.100974","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clet.2025.100974","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The rising demand for critical minerals entails more greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and increased generation of tailings and other mining wastes. This study proposes a novel process integrating concentrated solar power (CSP), accelerated mineral carbonation (AMC), and direct air capture (DAC) technologies to reduce such wastes and emissions. A closed-loop Rankine cycle generating 10 MW_e electric power for a hypothetical Australian nickel mine site case-study is simulated in Aspen Plus. High temperature steam is first used in the AMC heat exchanger (AMC-HX) to provide the enthalpy for AMC before expanding in the turbine to produce the design electricity. The turbine's low-enthalpy exit steam is then used in the DAC heat exchanger (DAC-HX) as a final heat sink before condensation and pumping back to the boiler. The boiler's thermal duty is supplied by a solar central receiver system (CRS) complemented by a 10-h thermal energy storage system.</div><div>For the nominal CRS design and energy balance, a net of 5.78 MJ heat per kg of carbonated product is calculated, 10 MW_e electricity for mining beneficiation is maintained, while 10.7 MJ per kg of CO₂ produced in DAC is also provisioned. An annual production of 175.7 kt of carbonates is predicted, permanently locking away 92.2 kt of atmospheric CO₂, and reducing diesel consumption by almost 90 %. Such a design integration can bring all power-related CO₂ emissions of this case-study to zero, with a further CO₂ avoidance of 68.55 kt annually to offset non-power related emissions. In addition to verifying the technical and economic feasibility of such a design, a full life cycle assessment relative to business-as-usual is imperative to help in achieving the 2050 net-zero emissions target in the mining sector.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34618,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Engineering and Technology","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 100974"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143869427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a deep learning predictive model for estimating higher heating value in municipal solid waste management","authors":"Nasreen Banu Mohamed Ishaque,&nbsp;S. Metilda Florence","doi":"10.1016/j.clet.2025.100966","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clet.2025.100966","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The management of municipal solid waste (MSW) has become a pressing issue in urban areas due to population growth and increasing waste generation. Waste-to-energy (WTE) conversion through thermo-chemical processes offers a promising solution, where the Higher Heating Value (HHV) of MSW plays a crucial role in process optimization. Traditional calorimetric methods for HHV determination are labor-intensive, costly, and environmentally harmful, prompting the need for automated, efficient predictive models. In this work, a novel deep learning-based framework called DLHHV-MSW is presented it estimates the HHV of MSW from its elemental composition, such as the amount of ash, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, and water. The framework utilizes a Deep Belief Network (DBN) optimized with Oppositional Cat Swarm Optimization (OCSO) to improve predictive accuracy. Experimental results demonstrate that DLHHV-MSW achieves superior performance, with a correlation coefficient (CC) of 0.996 and a mean squared error (MSE) of 2.342, outperforming traditional methods. This automated approach offers a scalable, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly solution for enhancing WTE operations and advancing sustainable MSW management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34618,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Engineering and Technology","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 100966"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143878817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Greenhouse cooling systems: A systematic review of research trends, challenges, and recommendations for improving sustainability","authors":"Fatima Ezzahra Allali ,&nbsp;Hicham Fatnassi ,&nbsp;Hassan Demrati ,&nbsp;Reda Errais ,&nbsp;Ahmed Wifaya ,&nbsp;Ahmed Aharoune","doi":"10.1016/j.clet.2025.100973","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clet.2025.100973","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sustainable Greenhouse Cooling Systems (SGCS) incorporate environmentally friendly technologies to maintain optimal plant growth conditions while reducing energy consumption and environmental impact. These technologies include natural ventilation, shading techniques, and evaporative cooling. By decreasing reliance on fossil fuels and enhancing resource efficiency, SGCS contribute to improved sustainability of greenhouse production. Despite numerous review studies on greenhouse cooling systems, there is a notable lack of comprehensive, actionable recommendations for incorporating renewable energy sources, improving energy efficiency, and minimizing water usage within SGCS. Additionally, there is a gap in assessing the holistic sustainability of these systems across environmental, energy, and water conservation dimensions. This review examines the intersection of SGCS research with the Food-Energy-Water (FEW) nexus by addressing key gaps through a systematic literature review of SGCS from 1973 to 2024, providing an in-depth overview of research trends, highlighting challenges and opportunities, and offering practical recommendations to enhance sustainability. A bibliometric analysis was performed using co-authorship, bibliographic coupling, citation, and co-occurrence metrics to objectively assess the literature. This analysis covered 473 documents to address key research questions, track publication trends, and identify evolving themes in SGCS. Results reveal a consistent upward trajectory in SGCS research, with a significant surge in publications post-2006, driven by increased global awareness of climate change and sustainable agriculture practices. Key research themes include the development of passive and active cooling technologies, innovations in material science for thermal management, integration of renewable energy systems, and the use of alternative water sources. Emerging trends also highlight the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) and the Internet of Things (IoT) for real-time climate control and optimization in greenhouses. This study offers a systematic roadmap for future research in SGCS, emphasizing key concepts and trends. It serves as a valuable resource for understanding the evolution of SGCS research and guiding future studies in this area.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34618,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Engineering and Technology","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 100973"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143882023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating environmental impacts of thorium extraction: A comparative study of solvent and electrosorption technologies using life cycle assessment (LCA)","authors":"Naseem Akhtar ,&nbsp;Aznan Fazli Ismail ,&nbsp;Marlia Mohd Hanafiah ,&nbsp;Syazwani Mohd Fadzil ,&nbsp;Sulgiye Park","doi":"10.1016/j.clet.2025.100960","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clet.2025.100960","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Thorium extraction techniques, such as solvent extraction from monazite and electrosorption techniques from water leach purification (WLP) of radioactive waste residues, are important for thorium recovery, particularly in Malaysia. Despite their importance, previous studies have largely overlooked critical issues like radioactive hazards, human health risks, and environmental impacts associated with advanced thorium extraction methods. This study addresses these gaps by quantifying the environmental impact associated with solvent extraction and electrosorption techniques using a life cycle assessment (LCA) framework to compare environmental indicators for thorium recovery from monazite ore and WLP residues. The LCA was conducted from cradle to gate, incorporating inventory data from the Ecoinvent database 3 and SimaPro software version 9, with inputs of raw material extraction, transportation, energy consumption, and chemical uses. Emissions into air, water, and soil were quantified across all processing phases. The LCA midpoint findings reveal that thorium disulfate in monazite processing is the key contributor to global warming, producing 45 kg CO₂-eq, whereas transportation and electricity consumption also considerably affect emissions, contributing 25.07 kg CO₂-eq and 26.17 kg CO₂-eq, respectively. Comparative analysis of midpoint indicators showed that solvent extraction had a more significant environmental impact than electrosorption in the context of human carcinogenic toxicity, freshwater ecotoxicity, and marine ecotoxicity. The damaged assessment highlighted endpoint indicators that monazite processing had a higher impact than WLP on human health (0.0364–0.0016 DALY), ecosystems (0.0016–0.0005 species·yr), and resources (0.0012–0.0005 USD, 2013), primarily due to the use of chemicals and emissions. Our study shows that electrosorption from WLP demonstrates superior environmental sustainability compared with solvent extraction from monazite, positioning it a more viable and efficient approach for radioactive waste treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34618,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Engineering and Technology","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 100960"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143835022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}