{"title":"Synthesis and modification of nanofiltration membranes with dendrimer-modified graphene oxide to remove lead and cadmium ions from aqueous solutions","authors":"Saeed Niazkhani , Farham Aminsharei , Sayed Ali Hassanzadeh-Tabrizi , Asadolah Malekzadeh , Elham Ameri","doi":"10.1016/j.clet.2024.100843","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clet.2024.100843","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study explored the use of graphene oxide modified with dendrimer (GO/MDA) to enhance the hydrophilicity and reduce the clogging of nanofiltration membranes, aiming to remove lead and cadmium from aqueous solutions. The synthesis involved multiple steps for creating graphene oxide (GO) nanoparticles and dendrimer (MDA), with FT-IR and EDX tests confirming the successful fabrication of GO/MDA and its application in nanofiltration membranes. Four types of membranes were designated based on the concentration of GO/MDA used: nanofiltration without nanoparticles (NF), nanofiltration with 0.25% weight of nanoparticles (NF-0.25), nanofiltration with 0.5% weight of nanoparticles (NF-0.5), and nanofiltration with 1% weight of nanoparticles (NF-1). The results showed a significant decrease in contact angle from 68.2° to 51.6° with the increase of GO/MDA concentration from 0.25% to 1%, illustrating improved hydrophilicity. Moreover, the pure water flow rate increased, with the NF-1 membrane achieving the highest flow rate of 121 L/m<sup>2</sup>.h, compared to 86 L/m<sup>2</sup>.h for the standard NF membrane. The study also established that the removal efficiencies for lead and cadmium improved with rising pH levels, peaking at pH 6, where the NF-0.5 membrane achieved optimal removal rates of 89.45% for Pb<sup>2</sup>⁺ and 92.58% for Cd<sup>2</sup>⁺. Additionally, the incorporation of GO/MDA nanoparticles effectively reduced irreversible fouling, with the NF-0.5 membrane displaying a remarkable flux recovery percentage of 97.21%. Overall, the findings confirm that the incorporation of GO/MDA nanoparticles successfully enhanced the performance of nanofiltration membranes in removing heavy metals.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34618,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Engineering and Technology","volume":"23 ","pages":"Article 100843"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142706671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Cost-effective solar-driven configurations for post-combustion carbon capture at Abadan Power Plant: MEA, DEA, and DGA absorption-based","authors":"Farzin Hosseinifard , Milad Hosseinpour , Mohsen Salimi , Majid Amidpour","doi":"10.1016/j.clet.2024.100842","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clet.2024.100842","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In recent years, post-combustion carbon capture (PCC) has garnered attention as a strategy to mitigate industrial emissions, though conventional configurations often face high energy demands. This study used Aspen HYSYS v11 to simulate and optimize various PCC configurations to enhance energy efficiency and reduce costs. The analysis compared three common amines monoethanolamine (MEA), diethanolamine (DEA), and diglycolamine (DGA) with DGA demonstrating the most significant energy savings. Utility costs, including steam, were approximately $101.3 million annually for DGA, compared to $158 million for MEA and $127.4 million for DEA. Among the configurations, lean vapor compression (LVC), rich vapor compression (RVC), solvent split flow (SSF), and rich recycle solvent (RSR), when combined, achieved the highest reduction in energy use, leading to about 45% cost savings over conventional setups. Replacing steam from a power plant with solar energy for the reboiler in this configuration provided additional savings, requiring 1.1 km<sup>2</sup> of solar area with 13 h of storage to achieve lifetime savings of roughly $295 million. Furthermore, exergy analysis revealed a 34.4% efficiency gain with the optimized configuration. Notably, implementing DGA reduced annual carbon taxes from $18.7 million to $2.8 million, underscoring the economic and environmental advantages of this approach.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34618,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Engineering and Technology","volume":"23 ","pages":"Article 100842"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142706281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Spent coffee ground biochar for phosphate adsorption in water: Influence of pyrolysis temperature and iron-coating activation method","authors":"Alessia Torboli , Paola Foladori , Mingming Lu , Stefano Gialanella , Lorena Maines","doi":"10.1016/j.clet.2024.100839","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clet.2024.100839","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A substantial portion of the phosphorus utilized in crop and food production is dispersed into soil and water, posing a challenge to the management of eutrophication and sustainable nutrient recovery. This research focuses on the reclamation of phosphate from polluted water through affinitive adsorption on biochar derived from spent coffee grounds (SCG). SCG were subjected to pyrolysis within a N<sub>2</sub>-purged vertical furnace across a temperature range of 300–550 °C, with a 1-h holding time. The adsorption capability of SCG biochar was systematically investigated and experimental data were interpreted using Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. Notably, the biochar pyrolyzed at 450 °C and activated with a Fe/biochar mass ratio of 2:1 demonstrated the highest adsorption capacity (0.87 mg P/g biochar) when exposed to the highest initial phosphate concentration in the solution (15 mg P/L). Comparative analyses revealed that the removal efficiency of non-activated SCG biochar was considerably lower (5.7%) compared to the corresponding activated biochar (up to 17.3%). This highlights the significant increase in adsorption capacity facilitated by the introduction of ferric chloride. Furthermore, phosphate desorption experiments were conducted to assess the biochar's phosphorus release characteristics and stability. The results demonstrate the positive outcomes of upcycling SCG waste material as a pollutant sorbent and the potential to diminish reliance on chemical fertilizers through the recovery of Fe-phosphate-enriched SCG biochar.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34618,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Engineering and Technology","volume":"23 ","pages":"Article 100839"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142706672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Synthesis and characterization of potato starch as a feasible alternative to the commercial yarn sizing materials","authors":"Fahmida Faiza Fahmi, Md Syduzzaman","doi":"10.1016/j.clet.2024.100838","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clet.2024.100838","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In Bangladesh, surplus potatoes pose challenges, leading to substantial wastage and losses. To mitigate this issue, exploring diverse applications for excess potatoes is crucial. This study focuses on using locally produced potato starch as an alternative sizing material. The potato starch was extracted and employed to size 100% cotton yarns of 12, 20, and 30 Ne counts. Comparative analyses were conducted with commonly used commercial sizing agents, including tapioca starch, one-shot, and Amatrolid 8923. Technical parameters such as size solution viscosity, yarn pick-up percentage, coating quality, hairiness reduction, tensile strength, elongation percentage, abrasion resistance, and coefficient of variation (CV%) were investigated for the different sizing agents. Potato starch exhibited performance on par with commercial agents, yielding favorable results. Particularly for coarser yarns (12 and 20 Ne counts), potato starch outperformed the alternatives, showcasing its efficacy. While one-shot proved most effective for the 30 Ne yarn, potato starch displayed slightly diminished performance due to its higher viscosity. Overall, potato starch emerged as a promising alternative to conventional sizing agents. It surpassed tapioca starch and Amatrolid 8923 across various parameters, reaffirming its potential as a feasible substitute in yarn sizing applications. This study underscores the viability of potato starch in enhancing the sustainability and efficiency of textile production processes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34618,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Engineering and Technology","volume":"23 ","pages":"Article 100838"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142706669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Explainable tuned machine learning models for assessing the impact of corrosion on bond strength in concrete","authors":"Maryam Bypour , Alireza Mahmoudian , Mohammad Yekrangnia , Mahdi Kioumarsi","doi":"10.1016/j.clet.2024.100834","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clet.2024.100834","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study mainly aims to evaluate the bond strength of corroded reinforcements in reinforced concrete members. In this regard, a comprehensive dataset containing a total of 285 specimens was collected from previous experiments. All collected specimens, including normal concrete, were subjected to pull-out tests to ensure consistent results. The features evaluated are associated with both concrete and rebar characteristics, corrosion rate, and duration. Six machine learning (ML) models were used to assess the dataset: Decision Tree, Random Forest, Light Gradient-Boosting Machine, Gradient Boosting, Extreme Gradient Boosting, and Extra Tree. Hyperparameter tuning was conducted using grid search to optimize model performance and enhance predictive accuracy. Additionally, the Shapley Values technique was utilized to interpret the significance of the features on bond strength.</div><div>The results show that Extreme Gradient Boosting and Extra tree methods outperformed the other models, with <span><math><mrow><msup><mi>R</mi><mn>2</mn></msup></mrow></math></span> score of 0.9 each and RSME of 2.21 and 1.87, respectively. Furthermore, tuned models resulted in more accurate performance than the default models. Evaluating the significance of studied features indicated that the elevated levels of corrosion were associated with a negative impact on bond strength. In addition, the corrosion rate is considered to be the most influential factor affecting the bond strength.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34618,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Engineering and Technology","volume":"23 ","pages":"Article 100834"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142706670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Analyzing the impact of age on waste properties at an open dumpsite in Khulna","authors":"Saptarshi Mondal, Islam M. Rafizul","doi":"10.1016/j.clet.2024.100833","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clet.2024.100833","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The rapid growth of the population has led to a significant increase in the amount of municipal solid waste (MSW), posing a burden and concern for our environment. Landfill mining as well as waste to energy could be a solution to this issue, but they require waste composition, particle size, and physiochemical and ultimate analysis are prerequisite requirements. Particle size was assessed through sieve analysis, categorizing MSW into ten different types followed by physiochemical and ultimate analyses. This study aimed to examine how the properties of MSW change with age. Findings showed that fine particles increased with age while larger particles decreased. With aging, certain physical components decreased, while others either increased or stayed constant. Organic content showed a significant decrease of 70.548% for fresh MSW and 0.35% for fifteen-year-old waste whereas plastic content remained almost constant after an increase from fresh MSW. Moisture content and volatile content of MSW reduced with age while fixed carbon and ash content increased with age. Ultimate analysis shows a drop of carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen while oxygen shows a rise. Calorific value was found a decrease in trend with age indicating that the energy content of MSW reduced with age. A drastic reduction of unit weight was found in this study, dropping from 9.31 kN/m<sup>3</sup> to 4.668 kN/m<sup>3</sup>. This study highlights the overall composition of MSW, the fluctuation in physiochemical analysis with age, and the sieve analysis and particle size distribution. It also displays the unit weight and the age-wise variation of the ultimate analysis. The findings of this study will aid landfill mining and waste to energy by providing comprehensive properties of MSW.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34618,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Engineering and Technology","volume":"23 ","pages":"Article 100833"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142706234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Muthukannan M , S. Saravanakumar , M.T. Sambandam , Umapathi K , R. Kamalakannan
{"title":"Guidelines for implementing cleaner production strategies in a natural rubber gloves manufacturing industry","authors":"Muthukannan M , S. Saravanakumar , M.T. Sambandam , Umapathi K , R. Kamalakannan","doi":"10.1016/j.clet.2024.100837","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clet.2024.100837","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Production of gloves is a highly energy-intensive and process-driven industry. It demands a significant amount of electrical as well as thermal energy. This paper presents the results and recommendations devised from an enquiry based onsite energy audit conducted in a gloves manufacturing unit. It summarizes the current energy demand of the manufacturing unit, highlights the major energy hunters, identifies energy saving and alternate energy generation possibilities, as well as proposes recommendations for betterment. The audit results for all different equipment are included in the report, along with suggested modifications and energy-saving achieved. The findings are still applicable as of the date and duration of the visit to the facility. As these businesses expand, minimizing expenses through energy-saving measures becomes especially crucial. At present, the gloves plant consumed about 291.278 MWh/month of electrical energy and 1830330 kcal/h of heat energy. The plant emits about 445.67 kg of CO<sub>2</sub> equivalent for every metric ton of natural rubber. Based on the audit, recommendations are proposed to install energy monitoring devices and replacing energy hunting motors and V-belts with efficient ones. In addition, as a step towards green economy, it is recommended to consider implementing energy plantation and biogas generation plants. By implementing the proposed energy saving measure about 215.930 MWh of energy can be conserved per year. This accounts for about (15–40)% of overall energy saving and this directly reduces CO<sub>2</sub> emission too.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34618,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Engineering and Technology","volume":"23 ","pages":"Article 100837"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142656721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Optimization of alkali-activated ladle slag-fly ash composites using a Taguchi-TOPSIS hybrid algorithm","authors":"Omar Najm , Hilal El-Hassan , Amr El-Dieb","doi":"10.1016/j.clet.2024.100836","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clet.2024.100836","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The effect of multiple mix design factors on the properties of ladle slag-fly ash alkali-activated composites was investigated. Taguchi-TOPSIS hybrid algorithm was adopted to optimize mix design parameters, including ladle slag replacement by fly ash (LSR), sodium hydroxide molarity (SHM), the ratio of sodium silicate to sodium hydroxide (NS/NH), the ratio of alkaline activator solution to binder (AAS/B), and crushed stone replacement by desert dune sand (CSR). The results revealed that the mix proportions of the optimum strength response comprised LSR, AAS/B, SHM, NS/NH, and CSR of 10%, 0.5, 8 M, 2, and 75%, respectively, with a compressive strength of 21 MPa. Conversely, the mixture proportions for superior fresh properties had a flow of 240 mm and entailed LSR, AAS/B, SHM, NS/NH, and CSR of 40%, 0.5, 8 M, 2.5, and 75%, respectively. Additionally, the hybrid method prediction model proved to be robust, with the ability to predict strength and workability at 93 and 100% accuracy. The optimum mixes comprised an intermix of calcium aluminosilicate hydrate and sodium aluminosilicate hydrate gels, with traces of calcium silicate hydrate gel, as identified by microstructure analysis and using ternary diagram system of Ca/Si-Na/Si-Al/Si ratios.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34618,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Engineering and Technology","volume":"23 ","pages":"Article 100836"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142656709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"How does the use of cryptocurrency affect circular economy practices in Iranian manufacturing companies?","authors":"Mohammad Hossein Ronaghi , Azade Fallahi","doi":"10.1016/j.clet.2024.100835","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clet.2024.100835","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In nations facing international pressures, such as sanctions, leaders should attempt to utilize advanced technologies more effectively, while fostering the skills and intelligence of the human resources, and enhancing public confidence in the use of emerging technologies in Industry 5.0. In this article our goal is to investigate the effect of acceptance and use of cryptocurrencies on the circular economy. The theoretical contribution of this research is to enrich the literature related to the factors affecting the adoption of digital currencies and its impact on the circular economy. Also, due to the importance of technology mindfulness in Industry 5, its effect on the adoption of digital currencies was evaluated. For several decades, Iran has been exposed to political and economic sanctions by the United Nations Security Council, the US, and the European Union (EU). Given the importance of natural resources in Iran's economy, and the presence of barriers regarding financial transactions, all manufacturing companies working in Iran were selected as the statistical population of the current study. The findings showed that variables like the realized ease of use, the realized efficiency, trust, technological mindfulness and social influence have been effective on the acceptance and use of cryptocurrencies. Also, use of cryptocurrencies in manufacturing companies has had effect on the circular economy activities. The other research results revealed that the factor of economic sanction in the studied society might have effect on the use of cryptocurrencies and consequently companies' circular economy. The policy-makers active in the field of the environment, and also managers of manufacturing companies by creating an infrastructure for financial exchange based on digital currency can provide the needed ground for production in line with the environment and sustainable resource management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34618,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Engineering and Technology","volume":"23 ","pages":"Article 100835"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142656707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The effects of joint process parameters of two-step manufacturing processes on the mechanical performance of biocomposites using Taguchi and multiple regression techniques","authors":"Lucky Ogheneakpobo Ejeta","doi":"10.1016/j.clet.2024.100832","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clet.2024.100832","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study evaluates the influence of joint parameters of extrusion (extrusion profile temperature) and injection molding (barrel profile temperature and mold temperature) manufacturing processes on the mechanical performance of biocomposite materials via the Taguchi and multiple regression techniques. Statistical analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed to determine the most influential controllable factors for the individual responses. The results of the study revealed that the mechanical properties of the biocomposites are affected by the joint parameters of the two-step manufacturing techniques. This study will help in the process design of biocomposites with improved mechanical performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34618,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Engineering and Technology","volume":"23 ","pages":"Article 100832"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142656706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}