Cleaner Engineering and Technology最新文献

{"title":"Polyethylene waste co-processing in fluid catalytic cracking plants","authors":"Felipe de Jesús Ortega García,&nbsp;Elizabeth Mar Juárez","doi":"10.1016/j.clet.2024.100734","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clet.2024.100734","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Plastics pollution is an overwhelming environmental problem that must be solved as soon as possible. Refining processes such as the Fluidized Catalytic Cracking (FCC) process with a global capacity of 14 million barrels per day, may help to solve it in the short term, as many scientists have already pointed out. Just by co-processing 5 wt % polyethylene waste in those units, 37 million tons per year of polyethylene could be eliminated from landfills and transformed into valuable fuels. However, refiners must be completely sure that processing polyethylene in their FCC plants will not cause any deleterious effects. That is the purpose of this paper.</p><p>Low density polyethylene waste was transformed into valuable hydrocarbons by co-processing in proportions of 5 and 10 wt % with heavy gasoil in an FCC pilot plant which operates as industrial FCC plants do. Polyethylene was completely converted mainly into naphtha and liquified petroleum gas; at 510 °C polyethylene was converted into naphtha (46 %), LPG (20 %), light cyclic oil (9 %), heavy cyclic oil (15 %), coke (6 %) and dry gas (4 %); at 530 °C, the order and proportions changed significantly, naphtha (43 %), LPG (35 %), heavy cyclic oil (0 %), light cyclic oil (2 %), coke (8 %) and dry gas (12 %); LPG olefinicity and naphtha research octane number increased slightly. No catalyst circulation problems nor clogging or plugging were observed. However, at the highest experimental reaction temperature (530 °C), dry gas yield increased to more than 4 wt %, this could be a problem for most of industrial plants since it may overload the wet gas compressor.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34618,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Engineering and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666790824000144/pdfft?md5=322c129406b187b24fd8dc79a03599d2&pid=1-s2.0-S2666790824000144-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140142030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surface modification of Luffa and Maize fibers by using alkali medium","authors":"Fahmida-E- Karim ,&nbsp;Md. Redwanul Islam ,&nbsp;Muhtasim Habib Supto ,&nbsp;Abdullah Al Mamun Rafi ,&nbsp;Tanima Rahman Tanni ,&nbsp;Hosne Ara Begum","doi":"10.1016/j.clet.2024.100736","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clet.2024.100736","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Agricultural biomass is a well-known renewable resource that has a high rate of recycling. Two of them are luffa sponge and corn husk/maize fibers. Luffa sponge may be effectively used to reinforce lightweight composite constructions because of its polypore structure. For this race, maize fiber is also appropriate. Surface modifications for both of the fibers are needed for increasing mechanical strength with higher interfacial bonding with the matrix materials of composite manufacturing. This investigation involved treating both materials with 5 g/L, 10 g/L, and 15 g/L of NaOH in order to describe the alterations occurring on their physio-chemical characteristics. The therapy lasted 60 min and was administered at 90 °C. Following that, acetic acid was used to neutralize the samples. The ASTM D1445 technique was used to measure the bundle fibers' breaking force and elongation, and the ASTM D570 procedures were used in order to determine the water absorption variation % in the treated samples. The FTIR test and SEM examination revealed the contaminants that were eliminated from the surface of Luffa and Maize fibers. The test findings demonstrated improved modification behaviors for the 15 g m/L treated fibers, which had an elongation percentage of 3.02% and an equivalent breaking force of 5.12 kg for the Luffa fiber and 5.72 kg for the maize fiber. Natural contaminants were eliminated as a result of variations in functional group intensity shown in the FTIR pictures. However, SEM pictures showed that the surface smoothed out for samples treated with 15 g per liter of NaOH, which may be the cause of the fiber's brittle interlocking with the matrix components. Moreover, water absorbency rose by over 300% compared to the untreated fibers. In summary, samples treated with 10 g/L NaOH might serve as superior reinforced materials of composite for both types of fibers.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34618,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Engineering and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666790824000168/pdfft?md5=844fa1a8b0ae0f89a6e200ed08457077&pid=1-s2.0-S2666790824000168-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140139029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characteristics of palm oil fuel ash concrete admixed with precipitated silica and silica fume","authors":"Monita Olivia,&nbsp;M Aldi Maulidi,&nbsp;Fadhlurrahman,&nbsp;Gunawan Wibisono","doi":"10.1016/j.clet.2024.100738","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clet.2024.100738","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study investigates the characteristics of blended Palm Oil Fuel Ash (POFA) concrete admixed with silica fume (SF) and precipitated silica (SP) as a cement replacement material for Portland Composite Cement (PCC). The study aims to evaluate the potential of precipitated silica extracted from POFA as an alternative to commercial silica fume in enhancing the properties of palm oil fuel ash concrete. Four different mixes were studied, including a control mix with PCC and three mixes with varying amounts of POFA, SF, and SP. The study analyzed the fresh properties, compressive strength, strength activity index, tensile strength, and microstructure of the concrete. The results showed that the addition of SF and SP increased the compressive strength of the POFA concrete by 23.34% and 38.11% respectively at 28 days. The strength activity index was also higher in the mixes with silica, indicating a higher pozzolanic activity at early ages. The tensile strength and porosity of the concrete were also improved with the addition of silica. The SEM and FTIR analysis confirmed that the addition of silica, especially precipitated silica, improved the microstructure of the concrete. The study concludes that the precipitated silica from POFA has the potential to be used as a cement replacement or additive in POFA concrete manufacturing in Asian countries where POFA is abundantly available.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34618,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Engineering and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666790824000181/pdfft?md5=b4882c633f3966d3acdff6a382857806&pid=1-s2.0-S2666790824000181-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140142031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modelling and optimization of multiple replacement of supplementary cementitious materials for cement composite by response surface method","authors":"Tsion Amsalu Fode ,&nbsp;Yusufu Abeid Chande Jande ,&nbsp;Thomas Kivevele","doi":"10.1016/j.clet.2024.100735","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clet.2024.100735","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Supplementary cementitious materials are beneficial in improving performance and lessening the cement consumption with highly lessening CO₂ emission. Many researchers used blast furnace slag, bentonite, and active limestone separately or two of them together to improve the performance of cementing materials, however, it is not well known how all react together in cement composite materials. So, the present study used modeling and optimizing the replacement of blast furnace slag, raw bentonite, and active limestone each by the doses of 0 to 20% to maximize strength and minimize the fresh bulk density of cementing materials by central composite design-response surface method (CCD-RSM). The results found, the employment of blast furnace slag, bentonite, and active limestone in the cement composite materials generally lessens the early strength compared to the control mixture. However, the replacement of blast furnace slag and active limestone by 20% significantly improves the 28-days compressive strength while employing raw bentonite by 20% reduced compressive strength by 6.45% compared to the control mixture. However, blending raw bentonite with active limestone by half improved the compressive strength. Besides these, the substitution of bentonite and active limestone reduces the fresh bulk density and flexural strength than the control mixture. Generally, the study optimized depending on the criteria of maximizing strength and minimizing fresh density and found the mix design replacement of blast furnace slag 1.01%, raw bentonite 5.30%, and active limestone 20% that improves 28 days compressive strength simultaneously reduces fresh bulk density in addition to replacing more than 54 different optimized design mix results.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34618,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Engineering and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666790824000156/pdfft?md5=2533c8a07ce2ada133c285304b31b526&pid=1-s2.0-S2666790824000156-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140134217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advancements and environmental considerations in portland cement-based radiation shielding concrete: Materials, properties, and applications in nuclear power plants– review","authors":"Balamurali Kanagaraj ,&nbsp;N. Anand ,&nbsp;Samuvel Raj ,&nbsp;Eva Lubloy","doi":"10.1016/j.clet.2024.100733","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clet.2024.100733","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Radiation Shielding Concrete plays a critical role in safeguarding against ionizing radiation, in nuclear power plants, medical facilities, and other radiation-sensitive environments. This review paper presents a comprehensive examination of radiation shielding concrete development, highlighting a novel approach that incorporates a diverse range of natural and industrial materials. Traditional radiation shielding concrete formulations rely heavily on virgin materials, contributing to environmental degradation and resource depletion. In contrast, this paper explores the innovative use of natural materials, industrial by-products, and waste materials, emphasizing the environmental sustainability and resource efficiency of such approaches. By harnessing these alternative materials, the paper outlines how radiation shielding concrete production can significantly reduce its ecological footprint while maintaining or even enhancing its radiation shielding capabilities. The paper delves into the functional aspects, composition variations, and performance characteristics of radiation shielding concrete, providing a holistic perspective on the diverse materials employed. Additionally, it thoroughly examines the factors influencing the effectiveness of radiation shielding concrete in nuclear power plants. Furthermore, this review discusses recent developments and advancements in radiation shielding concrete, offering insights into the cutting-edge research and innovations that are shaping the future of radiation shielding. The integration of natural and industrial materials presents promising avenues for enhancing the versatility, cost-effectiveness, and sustainability of radiation shielding concrete.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34618,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Engineering and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666790824000132/pdfft?md5=cf271d3bf534c41be8cd39b7858e7115&pid=1-s2.0-S2666790824000132-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139992860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Model development of community-based willingness to recycle for urban mining","authors":"Rahmat Nurcahyo ,&nbsp;Nurhadi Wibowo ,&nbsp;Djoko Sihono Gabriel ,&nbsp;Bertha Maya Sopha ,&nbsp;Azanizawati Ma'aram","doi":"10.1016/j.clet.2024.100732","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clet.2024.100732","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Electronic waste (e-waste) is a significant worldwide problem intensified by the increasing number of users and the quick pace of technical improvements. In addition to its environmental implications, e-waste has economic prospects. The present research addresses the urgent need for a comprehensive framework incorporating community interaction within the context of e-waste management. The Community-Based Willingness to Recycle (CWTR) concept underscores the significant contribution of community engagement in promoting sustainable practices for e-waste and many aspects that influence the process. The variables include dumping e-waste at specified locations, recognizing the advantages of recycling, and adhering to societal norms. These elements are pivotal in influencing governments' formulation of recycling regulations. The CWTR model is vital in mobilizing community backing for recycling efforts. This support is impacted by various variables, including views of community behavior control, understanding of the hazards associated with e-waste, environmentally concerned attitudes, and perceived advantages. The adjusted R² value of the model, which stands at 39.5%, indicates a modest explanatory power, as it can explain 39.5% of the observed variance. In addition, the model's fitness, as shown by a score of 0.783, signifies its appropriateness for real-world implementation. This study adopts a quantitative methodology, using surveys and secondary data analysis to enhance theoretical frameworks and practical implications. The literature assessment conducted in this study aims to identify gaps in existing research, therefore providing a robust theoretical framework. The CWTR model facilitates implementing sustainable e-waste management practices within local communities and enriches the existing body of theoretical knowledge in engineering science. This study represents a significant advancement in sustainable e-waste management, potentially revolutionizing practical approaches for improving communities and the environment.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34618,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Engineering and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666790824000120/pdfft?md5=66405f36e355f5d0741beb9aa8cd2063&pid=1-s2.0-S2666790824000120-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139936035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An experimental assessment of simultaneous reduction in vehicle tailpipe emissions employing desirability function analysis","authors":"Amanuel Gebisa ,&nbsp;Girma Gebresenbet ,&nbsp;Rajendiran Gopal ,&nbsp;Ramesh Babu Nallamothu","doi":"10.1016/j.clet.2024.100731","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clet.2024.100731","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In vehicles powered by fuel, the effort to minimize CO and HC emissions through various strategies leads to an increase in CO₂, contributing to global warming. This study aimed to experimentally assess the simultaneous reduction of vehicle tailpipe emissions of CO, HC, and CO₂ using desirability function analysis (DFA). On predetermined routes in Addis Ababa city, two vehicles were tested for on-road emissions at five various speeds and on five various road slopes using a portable emissions tester. Surface plots were used to display how the tailpipe emissions of CO₂, CO, and HC vary with changes in vehicle speed and road gradient. The DFA results revealed that the optimal speed for simultaneous reduction of CO, HC, and CO₂ emissions was 40 km/h on a flat route and 30 km/h on a 2-degree uphill, with composite desirability of 0.83 and 0.72, respectively. This study found that a speed of 30 km/h on a flat road increased CO₂ by 2.82%, CO by 18.97%, and HC by 5.28% compared to an optimized vehicle speed of 40 km/h. On a 2-degree gradient, a vehicle traveling at 20 km/h exhibited a 4% increase in CO₂ emissions, a 23.92% increase in CO emissions, and a 1.26% decrease in HC emissions compared to the optimized speed of 30 km/h. Adjusting speed limits according to road gradients is recommended to minimize vehicle tailpipe emissions simultaneously using DFA. This approach contributes to lowering air pollution by reducing pollutant emissions from vehicles through optimized speeds.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34618,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Engineering and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666790824000119/pdfft?md5=3ab0e6354d94164a508a68586cbdc38b&pid=1-s2.0-S2666790824000119-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139743405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An integrated strategy for air quality monitoring and management in industrial port areas","authors":"María López ,&nbsp;Clara Giner-Cifre ,&nbsp;Ana López-Lilao ,&nbsp;Vicenta Sanfélix ,&nbsp;Eliseo Monfort ,&nbsp;Mar Viana","doi":"10.1016/j.clet.2024.100729","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clet.2024.100729","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":34618,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Engineering and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666790824000090/pdfft?md5=f0ba2e954d5f9c599a2cebd5a9d9921e&pid=1-s2.0-S2666790824000090-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139748142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Circular economy in the Brazilian chemical industry: A proposal for a circularity index","authors":"André Gustavo de Andrade Monteiro,&nbsp;Gabriela Scur,&nbsp;Claudia Aparecida Mattos,&nbsp;Maria Célia de Oliveira","doi":"10.1016/j.clet.2024.100730","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clet.2024.100730","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study explores the circularity performance within Brazil's basic chemical (bulk organics and chemical processing) sector utilizing a comprehensive Circular Economy Index (CEI) and investigating its evolution between 2015 and 2019. Accordingly, the present study integrates an industrial perspective focusing on geographical variations and presents results that underline waste generation, recycling, energy consumption, and emissions across different states. The results revealed circular behaviors for basic chemicals, emphasizing concerns beyond emissions, such as waste and energy management. State-level analyses revealed consistent impacts of operations. Further analysis identified the strategic and institutional factors influencing CEI variation. Strategic factors included net sales revenue, improvements, and spending on people, with an unexpected inverse relationship between net sales revenue and CEI. The institutional factors include growth potential, social sustainability, innovation, and environmental sustainability. The results demonstrate the significant impacts of innovation and mixed effects on growth potential and socio-environmental sustainability, possibly linked to inadequate legislation and consumer perceptions. This study suggests that states that prioritize economic growth may neglect sustainability, requiring a nuanced approach to balance competitiveness and circularity goals. These findings emphasize the importance of government policies, stakeholder collaboration, and consumer awareness in fostering circular practices.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34618,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Engineering and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666790824000107/pdfft?md5=a38fbb18ba87714bca8ac25fbebc3c9e&pid=1-s2.0-S2666790824000107-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139719184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ionic wind amplifier for energy-efficient air propulsion: Prototype design, development, and evaluation","authors":"Donato Rubinetti ,&nbsp;Kamran Iranshahi ,&nbsp;Daniel Onwude ,&nbsp;Julien Reymond ,&nbsp;Amirmohammad Rajabi ,&nbsp;Lei Xie ,&nbsp;Bart Nicolaï ,&nbsp;Thijs Defraeye","doi":"10.1016/j.clet.2024.100728","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clet.2024.100728","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Ionic wind, produced by electrohydrodynamic (EHD) processes, holds promise for efficient airflow generation using minimal power. However, practical applications have been limited by relatively low flow rates. This study introduces a novel prototype device designed to amplify ionic wind-generated flow rates by leveraging the Coanda effect. This scalable device features a unique needle electrode configuration, optimized geometry, and operating parameters to enhance flow rates and reduce electrical energy consumption. The experimental investigation encompasses two ground electrode configurations as collectors to evaluate velocity profiles within an extended wind channel setup. The analysis revealed that the rod collector arrangement slightly outperformed the plate collector regarding airflow rate and efficiency. Notably, a flow rate of up to 7.5 m³ h^-1 was attained with an energy input of less than 2 W at 30 kV and a flow rate of 5 m³ h^-1 within the optimal voltage range of 15–20 kV, requiring around 0.5 W. The findings indicate that a decrease in the number of needle emitters has a relatively negligible impact on the airflow rate, suggesting an opportunity to design more efficient devices with fewer needles. To complement the experimental results, a computational fluid dynamics (CFD)--based digital mirror was utilized to obtain deeper insights into the flow field patterns. The use of the CFD model confirmed that our device can increase flow rates by a factor of around three. The findings of this research have far-reaching implications for developing next-generation ionic wind generators, particularly in sustainable fluid flow engineering. By confirming the effectiveness of amplified ionic wind-based airflow, we provide a clear path for this technology to contribute to cleaner production practices across various industries. Ionic wind amplifiers show potential in applications requiring precise airflow control, such as data centers, cleanrooms, sterilization, or drying processes, where removing excess heat or maintaining specific conditions is essential.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34618,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Engineering and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666790824000089/pdfft?md5=4646b422a6ddebc324b6b88f9e3b29f0&pid=1-s2.0-S2666790824000089-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139710138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}