Cleaner Engineering and Technology最新文献

{"title":"Mechanochemical and molecular analysis of organic binders in charcoal briquetting for enhanced cold mechanical strength","authors":"Viktor Yankovych ,&nbsp;Nataliya Korol","doi":"10.1016/j.clet.2025.101113","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clet.2025.101113","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Charcoal briquettes often fracture during handling because their fine particles require a binder that is both strong and low in ash. This study presents the first integrated analysis that couples full-scale briquetting trials with molecular docking simulations to guide binder selection. Industrial hardwood-charcoal fines were blended with five organic binders—native starch, citric-acid-modified starch, lignosulfonate, polyvinyl acetate (PVA), and flour—at 2.5–25 wt %. Each formulation was compacted using either a 5 MN hydraulic press or an industrial roller press and evaluated by proximate analysis, drop-impact testing (Impact Resistance Index, IRI), and axial compression.</div><div>Mechanical testing showed that modified starch outperformed all other binders, achieving compressive strengths up to 7 MPa and IRI values exceeding 3600 at 15–20 wt % loading under hydraulic pressing. Lignosulfonate, despite its high calculated adsorption energy (−6.1 kcal/mol), yielded weaker briquettes due to moisture uptake and higher ash, whereas PVA displayed the weakest surface affinity (−1.8 kcal/mol) and lowest mechanical strength. Across all formulations, hydraulic pressing improved strength two-to four-fold compared with roller pressing. Docking simulations on an oxidised-graphite model surface revealed that polysaccharides form extensive hydrogen-bond networks with oxygenated carbon edges, explaining their superior adhesion. These findings confirm that binder molecular structure and densification pressure jointly govern briquette integrity. When normalised for cost, modified starch remains the most efficient and sustainable option. The combined mechanochemical–molecular framework thus provides a transferable, molecularly informed roadmap for selecting sustainable binders and optimising compaction in commercial charcoal-briquette manufacturing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34618,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Engineering and Technology","volume":"29 ","pages":"Article 101113"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145466096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"eBCTC: Energy-efficient hybrid blockchain architecture for smart and secured K-ETS","authors":"Ihunanya Udodiri Ajakwe ,&nbsp;Victor Ikenna Kanu ,&nbsp;Simeon Okechukwu Ajakwe ,&nbsp;Dong-Seong Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.clet.2025.101084","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clet.2025.101084","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Korean Emission Trading Scheme (K-ETS) is vital for reducing carbon emissions in South Korea. However, issues in transparency, security, and computational overhead limit its effectiveness. This work proposes an energy-efficient blockchain-based framework (eBCTC) to enhance the system with a decentralized blockchain architecture, Purechain. The framework leverages an improved consensus mechanism, the Proof of Authority and Association (PoA²). This is to address key challenges in the current K-ETS, such as centralization, lack of transparency, and high energy consumption. The PoA² significantly reduces gas usage, with experimental results showing a 22 % reduction in gas consumption compared to traditional Proof of Work (PoW) and Proof of Authority (PoA) mechanisms. Also, PoA² recorded a ×6 and ×2 reduction in gas price compared to PoW and PoA. The system also achieves faster transaction finality and lower computational costs, with transaction costs reduced by up to 83 % across the key K-ETS activities, including emissions reporting, credit allocation, and trading. Also, the system achieved moderate throughput, high latency, doubling scalability, high reliability, and a high success rate compared with DPoS and PBFT based on transaction stress validation tests. With an improved smart contract, intelligent automation of key functions, the system achieved a high energy gain for improved incentives. The proposed framework not only enhances the scalability and transparency of K-ETS but also aligns with South Korea's carbon neutrality goals by minimizing the environmental impact of blockchain operations. This study provides a solid foundation for sustainable carbon trading systems and an accountable carbon economy, contributing to global efforts to combat climate change in achieving the 2050 net-zero carbon emissions goal.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34618,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Engineering and Technology","volume":"29 ","pages":"Article 101084"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145519641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Carbon neutral island energy system transition - A model-based analysis of sector coupling between the electricity, industry and heat sectors","authors":"Akram Sandvall ,&nbsp;Sofia Klugman ,&nbsp;Olga Lysenko ,&nbsp;Karl Vilén ,&nbsp;Nathalie Fransson","doi":"10.1016/j.clet.2025.101115","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clet.2025.101115","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Although having access to renewable sources of energy, islands often face challenges of security of energy supply, climate change impacts and drawbacks of fossil fuel dependency. Utilization of renewable resources, increasing energy efficiency, and securing an affordable energy supply are key elements of the sustainable energy transition of islands. In this study, a dynamic energy system optimization model is developed using the TIMES modeling framework and is applied from the perspective of an island's energy system. Carbon neutral energy system scenarios are designed and integrated into the model to assess system impacts of various industrial development options in connection with investment in large-scale offshore wind power for the case of a Swedish island. The results show a transition in the power and heat sectors for all the scenarios. Ground-source heat pumps (HPs) and district heat (DH) replace electric boilers and ambient-air HPs. The abundancy of renewable electricity generation, either due to non-existence of an energy intensive industry on the island or investments in large-scale wind power plants, leads to lower marginal cost of electricity generation. Consequently, the use of renewable (seawater) and low-temperature excess heat (EH) sources in large-scale HPs and direct use of high-temperature EH in DH systems increase. In turn, the EH sources replace biomass combustion in heat-only boilers. The intermittent renewable power generation is balanced by electricity import from the mainland (if allowed), biodiesel gas turbines, DH production in new biogas combined heat and power plants and large-scale HPs, and an existing heat storage.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34618,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Engineering and Technology","volume":"29 ","pages":"Article 101115"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145519624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Digitalization and hydropower integration in water supply systems: Unlocking energy potential, efficiency, and resilience","authors":"Stefan Puschnigg ,&nbsp;Daniel Patauner ,&nbsp;Hans Böhm ,&nbsp;Eduard Doujak ,&nbsp;Christoph Müller","doi":"10.1016/j.clet.2025.101098","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clet.2025.101098","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Water-Energy Nexus highlights the interdependence of water and energy systems. Optimizing this nexus through digital solutions enhances water supply resilience, boosts renewable energy generation, reduces greenhouse gas emissions, and supports carbon neutrality by 2050.</div><div>This study digitalizes a water supply system (WSS) of a typical rural Austrian municipality, including pipes, pumps, valves, junctions, tanks, and reservoirs. The digital WSS model, developed using EPANET simulations, identifies hydropower potential and supports the integration of digital solutions such as sensors for leakage reduction and monitoring. To structure these opportunities, a categorization approach is introduced for WSSs, divided into three sections (I – III) based on the available head along the water flow. Each section has its specific objectives and focus areas, ranging from energy generation for sale to powering monitoring devices. Hydraulic turbine types such as Pelton, Francis, Kaplan, pump-as-turbine (PAT), and emerging in-pipe turbines as well as energy harvesters are assigned accordingly. Techno-economic assessments evaluate energy recovery opportunities and cost-saving potentials from digitization, while SWOT and PESTLE analyses support strategic risk management.</div><div>Results revealed that section I focus on energy sales as an additional revenue stream for the WSS, achieving a use-case-specific levelized cost of electricity (LCoE) of 103 €/MWh with a Pelton turbine. In section II, several hidden hydropower potential points were identified, including a maximum single-point potential of approx. 6.9 kW at a pressure reduction valve, yielding LCoE of 26 €/MWh with a PAT. This potential is found suitable for local supply and to increase self-sufficiency of the WSS. In section III, digitized monitoring enables earlier leakage detection, with potentially savings up to 30 % of revenue water.</div><div>Digitalized WSSs are essential for optimizing both energy and water efficiency. They foster the development of smarter WSSs, enhance resilience and ensure a secure and reliable water supply.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34618,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Engineering and Technology","volume":"29 ","pages":"Article 101098"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145363080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bio-hydrogel formulation for co-immobilization of microalgae and bacteria in living biofilters for nutrient recovery from secondary industrial effluents","authors":"Chalampol Janpum ,&nbsp;Jagroop Pandhal ,&nbsp;Nuttapon Pombubpa ,&nbsp;Tanakit Komkhum ,&nbsp;Chonnikarn Sirichan ,&nbsp;Piyakorn Srichuen ,&nbsp;Pichaya In-na","doi":"10.1016/j.clet.2025.101075","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clet.2025.101075","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The increasing discharge of nutrient-rich industrial effluents poses a significant environmental challenge, necessitating efficient and sustainable wastewater treatment strategies. This study developed a living hydrogel-based biofilter incorporating co-immobilized <em>Chlorella</em> sp. and <em>Bacillus subtilis</em> TISTR 1415 to enhance nutrient recovery from secondary industrial effluent from vegetable oil factories. Hydrogels were formulated using guar gum and carrageenan, crosslinked with potassium chloride (KCl), and evaluated for their stability and microbial immobilization efficiency. Among the tested formulations, the hydrogel with 0.3 M KCl exhibited optimal properties, including moderate swelling capacity (∼1,005 % or ∼10 g_water/g_{dry hydrogel}), reduced solubility (∼40 %), and enhanced mechanical stability and crosslinking density, leading to improved porosity and microbial retention. These physicochemical properties facilitated efficient nutrient diffusion and sustained cell viability within the hydrogel matrix. The synthetic co-culture biofilter with a 3:1 ratio of <em>Chlorella</em> sp. to <em>B. subtilis</em> significantly enhanced nutrient removal efficiencies compared to monocultures, achieving 98.68 % ammonium (NH₄⁺), 53.45 % phosphate (PO₄³⁻), and 68.60 % COD removal over 7-day trials. The synergistic interaction between microalgae and bacteria facilitated improved nutrient uptake, organic matter degradation, and enhanced effluent treatment performance. Furthermore, pH and dissolved oxygen levels were significantly influenced by microbial activity, with microalgae contributing to oxygen production and pH elevation, while bacteria aided organic matter breakdown. The living hydrogel-based biofilter presents a promising alternative to conventional wastewater treatment methods by harnessing the synergistic interactions between biological processes and hydrogel immobilization technology. This approach enhances effluent quality and contributes to innovative solutions for environmental protection and nutrient recovery.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34618,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Engineering and Technology","volume":"29 ","pages":"Article 101075"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145060739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From cost-centering to sustainability: A review of Pollution Routing Problems","authors":"Reza Shahin ,&nbsp;Maxim A. Dulebenets","doi":"10.1016/j.clet.2025.101082","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clet.2025.101082","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Recent studies on Vehicle Routing Problems (VRP) have substantially expanded to incorporate environmental considerations into transportation planning. Traditionally, the predominant objectives in transportation optimization revolved around reducing costs, time, or distance. However, with the increasing significance of sustainability and the management of environmental costs, logistics service providers and retailers have shifted their attention to greening their operations. In light of this, the Pollution-Routing Problem (PRP) has emerged to harmonize economic and environmental facets of transportation efforts. Despite the extensive research on the problem, there exists a notable absence of systematic reviews. As such, this review article sheds light on the evolution of the problem literature from its introduction in 2011 to 2024, reviewing 75 papers. In this study, the research on the PRP is categorized based on the taxonomy, objective function, and methodologies applied throughout the years. Finally, we pinpoint several areas of potential exploration that will serve as a blueprint for future research directions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34618,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Engineering and Technology","volume":"29 ","pages":"Article 101082"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145159171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comprehensive literature review on risk identification and assessment in green building construction projects","authors":"Abdul-Mugis Yussif ,&nbsp;Ridwan Taiwo ,&nbsp;Pshtiwan Shakor ,&nbsp;Tong Han ,&nbsp;Saeed Reza Mohandes ,&nbsp;Maxwell Fordjour Antwi-Afari ,&nbsp;Kamal Qazi ,&nbsp;Atul Kumar Singh ,&nbsp;Mary Subaja Christo ,&nbsp;Mohd Asif Shah","doi":"10.1016/j.clet.2025.101089","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clet.2025.101089","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Building green for sustainability cannot be over-emphasised, considering the current environmental crises. Green buildings minimise environmental degradation and reduce consumption of depletable resources while providing maximum occupancy satisfaction. Despite the numerous studies of risk assessment in Green Building Construction Projects (GBCPs), limited attention has been given to methodologies that enable risk evaluation from the projects' inception to the end of their service life. Secondly, the existing methods do not consider the accumulated knowledge and experience obtained from previous risk assessment models. Finally, existing studies fail to provide a detailed description of each risk, as they only list them, leading to ambiguity in the practical sense. A scientometric analysis was performed to reveal the current research trend of risk identification in GBCPs. This study systematically reviewed relevant literature from the last two decades until the end of 2024 to collate the most influential risks associated with GBCPs. From the systematic literature review, a total of forty-two (42) risks were identified and defined clearly before further grouping them into nine (9) mutually exclusive categories to ease targeted assessments. The knowledge-based approach was proposed for identifying and evaluating the risks due to its unique nature of enabling long-term analysis by tapping into the accumulated knowledge and experience from previous evaluation models. The knowledge-based approach emphasises establishing a strong foundation involving risk scope definition, identification, analysis, response planning, execution, and monitoring and control as a feedback system supporting risk evaluation throughout the service life of the project. After the analysis, it was found that the risk evaluation studies in GBCPs need to create assessment models that consider the post-construction variables and the accumulated knowledge of previous evaluations. Secondly, a clear description of each risk eases its categorisation for tailor-targeted assessment. The current limitations include limited collaboration between developing and developed countries and a scarcity of empirical research in developing nations. The study proposes future research opportunities in green building risk studies to promote research growth, highlights the need for holistic risk management frameworks, and fosters sustainable construction practices globally.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34618,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Engineering and Technology","volume":"29 ","pages":"Article 101089"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145325214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Artificial -neural -network and genetic -algorithm for optimization of helical -blade -vertical -axis -wind -turbine","authors":"Sepehr Sanaye,&nbsp;Armin Farvizi","doi":"10.1016/j.clet.2025.101088","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clet.2025.101088","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Wind energy as a renewable and sustainable type of energy has been attractive from past eras. Three helical blade vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT-3-HB) is suitable for the use in urban areas with low-speed wind flow due to its low required amount of torque for self-starting and its low noise generation. The optimization of VAWT-3-HB with application of Artificial -Neural -Network (ANN) and Genetic -Algorithm (GA) which are very important tools for proper design and improving the performance and of this category of wind turbine still is not covered in literature. For GA optimization procedure, the average power coefficient (<span><math><mrow><msub><mi>C</mi><mrow><mi>p</mi><mo>−</mo><mi>a</mi><mi>v</mi><mi>e</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></math></span>) was the objective function which had to be maximized. Design variables were airfoil chord length, helical angle, and the blade tip speed ratio which were selected after extensive 3-D-CFD simulation runs and examining all effective parameters. The optimal values of these parameters were obtained 0.42 m, 30 <span><math><mrow><mo>°</mo></mrow></math></span>, and 1.4 respectively. <span><math><mrow><msub><mi>C</mi><mrow><mi>p</mi><mo>−</mo><mi>a</mi><mi>v</mi><mi>e</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></math></span> at the optimum point was 0.1845 with 218 % rise (in comparison with 0.058 before optimization). Results of a 3-D-CFD simulation run with optimal values of design variables showed a good match between average power coefficients predicted by ANN-GA and predicted by 3-D-CFD simulation run with about 0.21 % difference.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34618,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Engineering and Technology","volume":"29 ","pages":"Article 101088"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145269621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Energy, exergy and economic analysis and optimization of various modified organic flash cycle configurations for enhanced waste heat recovery performance","authors":"Hadi Kamfar ,&nbsp;Abolfazl Shojaeian ,&nbsp;Jaber Yousefi Seyf ,&nbsp;Najmeh Hajialigol ,&nbsp;Hadi Delavari","doi":"10.1016/j.clet.2025.101114","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clet.2025.101114","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents a comprehensive thermodynamic investigation based on energy, exergy, and economic (3 E) analysis of eight Organic Flash Cycle (OFC) configurations for waste heat recovery. The modified cycles were modeled in MATLAB with thermophysical properties obtained from REFPROP 9.0. The proposed configurations integrate advanced components such as two-phase expanders and ejectors to minimize throttling losses and improve overall system performance. Unlike the dual-ejector systems reported by Chen et al. (2019), one of the proposed configurations, namely Two-phase expander and single ejector OFC-II (TPSEOFC-II) eliminates the secondary flash separator, resulting in a 21.5 % reduction in total costs and a 37.25 % improvement in exergy efficiency. Multi-objective optimization using the Multi-Objective Grey Wolf Optimizer was employed to simultaneously maximize energy efficiency and exergy efficiency while minimizing the levelized cost of energy (LCOE). The TPSEOFC-II configuration achieved a net power output of 363.19 kW, an energy efficiency of 13.24 %, an exergy efficiency of 75.94 %, and the lowest LCOE of 0.0159 $/kWh, representing substantial improvements over the baseline OFC-I and OFC-II systems. These results highlight the potential of advanced OFC designs for cost-effective and sustainable waste heat recovery applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34618,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Engineering and Technology","volume":"29 ","pages":"Article 101114"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145519623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the dual impact of AI and RPA on sustainability and brand equity: A case study of digital transformation in Taiwan's service sector","authors":"Yu-Ming Fei ,&nbsp;Ji-Chyuan Liou ,&nbsp;Pao Jui Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.clet.2025.101106","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clet.2025.101106","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the dual impact of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Robotic Process Automation (RPA) on sustainability performance and brand equity in Taiwan's service sector. Grounded in the Resource-Based View (RBV) and the Technology–Organization–Environment (TOE) framework, the research adopts a mixed-methods case study design involving three award-winning small-to-medium enterprises (SMEs) that participated in a national AI transformation program. By integrating digital tools such as AI-generated content platforms, RPA-enabled marketing automation, and intelligent energy management systems, these enterprises aimed to reduce material consumption, enhance customer engagement, and strengthen brand identity. Empirical evidence drawn from enterprise resource planning (ERP) records, carbon audits based on the GHG Protocol, and a structured survey of 121 employees demonstrates notable outcomes: reduced electricity usage and printing costs, increased digital marketing efficacy, and improved perceptions of organizational innovation and sustainability. Statistical analyses reveal significant between-firm differences in perceived benefits, while employee attitudes toward AI and RPA were consistently positive across dimensions. These findings highlight how AI and RPA can serve as catalysts for cleaner operational practices and strategic brand development, aligning with the journal's focus on engineering solutions for sustainable consumption and technological advancement.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34618,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Engineering and Technology","volume":"29 ","pages":"Article 101106"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145466215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}