Cleaner Engineering and Technology最新文献

{"title":"A comprehensive DEA-based framework for evaluating sustainability and efficiency of vehicle types: Integrating undesirable inputs and social-environmental indicators","authors":"Sara Fanati Rashidi ,&nbsp;Maryam Olfati ,&nbsp;Seyedali Mirjalili ,&nbsp;Jan Platoš ,&nbsp;Vaclav Snášel","doi":"10.1016/j.clet.2025.100989","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clet.2025.100989","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The sustainability and efficiency of different vehicle types play a crucial role in reducing environmental impacts. As governments and industries move towards greener transportation, choosing an appropriate evaluation method remains a challenge. This study uses data envelopment analysis (DEA) to evaluate the efficiency of five major vehicle types – gasoline, diesel, hybrid, electric, and hydrogen – by considering key economic, environmental, and technical factors such as carbon emissions, fuel costs, and non-recyclable materials. The DEA results are then compared with a multiple regression model to analyze the impact of different independent variables on vehicle efficiency. The results of this study show that electric vehicles have the highest environmental and economic efficiency despite the challenges associated with battery recycling. In contrast, diesel vehicles have the lowest efficiency scores due to their high emissions and environmental costs. This study emphasizes the need for policy incentives to accelerate the adoption of sustainable vehicles, including infrastructure investments, financial incentives, and environmental considerations in efficiency assessments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34618,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Engineering and Technology","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 100989"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143937887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A dual time-scale optimal dispatch algorithm for PV systems: Integrating centralized optimal power dispatch with distributed power deviation absorption in DC smart grids","authors":"Jiahua Ni ,&nbsp;Yuwei Chen ,&nbsp;Arman Goudarzi ,&nbsp;Tong Wang ,&nbsp;Lingang Yang ,&nbsp;Shengwei Mei","doi":"10.1016/j.clet.2025.100961","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clet.2025.100961","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The integration of Photovoltaic (PV) systems into DC smart grids faces challenges due to solar power’s inherent unpredictability. Traditional dispatch methods struggle to effectively manage PV power deviations in real-time. This paper proposes a dual time-scale strategy integrating centralized optimization with distributed consensus. On the long-term scale, a convex relaxation-based optimal power flow model minimizes line losses and stabilizes voltages. For short-term adjustments, a distributed consensus algorithm dynamically allocates power deviations among PV sources using reserve capacity, eliminating the need for probabilistic uncertainty modeling. The approach is validated through IEEE 14-node simulations and hardware-in-loop (HIL) tests, with comparisons against centralized methods considering forecast errors. The results demonstrate enhanced voltage stability, highlighting the framework’s practicality for real-time grid management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34618,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Engineering and Technology","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 100961"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143912177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modelling the effect of a carbon tax on the development of a cultivated protein industry: a Norwegian case study","authors":"Nicholas Roxburgh ,&nbsp;Rob J.F. Burton ,&nbsp;Klaus Mittenzwei ,&nbsp;J. Gareth Polhill","doi":"10.1016/j.clet.2025.100979","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clet.2025.100979","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cultivated protein (also called <em>in vitro</em>, lab-based, cultured protein) startups emerged in the 2010s in response to technological advances in the medical/pharmaceutical sector alongside the global demand for more environmentally sustainable food systems. Offering greenhouse gas reductions of up to 97 %, these technologies could provide a means of rapidly reducing emissions from agriculture. However, heavy subsidisation of the livestock sector in many countries puts them at a considerable disadvantage. In this paper we explore what would happen if we rebalanced the equation through the introduction of a carbon tax on animal protein. Using an agent-based approach (ABM) we develop a detailed model of agricultural systems in Norway and explore a number of cost scenarios based around two main hypothetical events: the introduction of cultivated proteins without a carbon tax and the introduction of cultivated proteins alongside a carbon tax. Simulations reveal that conventional beef, lamb, milk, and egg production are more vulnerable to a steady loss of market share to cultivated protein than pork and chicken production – regardless of whether a carbon tax is in operation. However, the introduction of a carbon tax would result in a rapid and substantial decline in these sectors due to the dramatically increased costs imposed on conventional producers and the triggering of tipping points along value chains. Conventional pork and chicken sectors prove more robust due to their comparatively lower emissions. The overall conclusion is that the introduction of a carbon tax alongside the emergence of a cultivated protein industry could have severe impacts on the livestock sector that make the outcome politically unacceptable. Any global or Europe-wide carbon tax could thus, paradoxically, limit the introduction of revolutionary new low-carbon food technologies unless the introduction is carefully managed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34618,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Engineering and Technology","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 100979"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143904233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimized intelligent learning for groundwater quality prediction in diverse aquifers of arid and semi-arid regions of India","authors":"Imran Khan ,&nbsp;Sarwar Nizam ,&nbsp;Apoorva Bamal ,&nbsp;Abdul Majed Sajib ,&nbsp;Mir Talas Mahammad Diganta ,&nbsp;Mohd Azfar Shaida ,&nbsp;S.M. Ashekuzzaman ,&nbsp;Stephen Nash ,&nbsp;Agnieszka I. Olbert ,&nbsp;Md Galal Uddin","doi":"10.1016/j.clet.2025.100984","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clet.2025.100984","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ensuring access to safe, affordable drinking water while implementing sustainable management practices is vital for achieving the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals-2030. Accurate groundwater (GW) quality assessment plays a crucial role in enhancing water management strategies. This study evaluates GW resources across the diverse aquifer systems of arid and semi-arid regions of northwest India using the recently developed Root Mean Squared-Water Quality Index (RMS-WQI) model, optimized with machine learning (ML) techniques. A total of 772 GW samples from 36 districts of state Rajasthan were analyzed for 16 water quality (WQ) indicators/parameters, including pH, Electrical Conductivity (EC), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), major cations (Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, Na⁺, K⁺), anions (Cl⁻, CO₃²⁻, HCO₃⁻, SO₄²⁻, NO₃⁻, F⁻, PO₄³⁻), Alkalinity (ALK), and Total Hardness (TH). The results indicate slightly alkaline GW (average pH 7.9), with elevated concentrations of Na⁺, Cl⁻, SO₄²⁻ and NO₃⁻ exceeding Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS). This study employs the eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGB) algorithm, demonstrating strong predictive capabilities within the RMS-WQI model across diverse aquifers of Rajasthan. This marks the first application of RMS-WQI at a state-wide scale in India. Model performance assessment indicated groundwater quality ranging from ‘fair’ to ‘marginal’, generally meeting BIS standards, with high sensitivity and low uncertainty. Statistical metrics (Root Mean Square Error-RMSE, Mean Squared Error-MSE, Mean Absolute Error-MAE, and Percentage of Absolute Bias Error-PABE) validated the model's efficiency, with minimal error and high sensitivity. Optimization using “Optuna” further enhanced model performance, confirmed by Tukey's Honest Significant Difference (HSD) test. Sensitivity analysis demonstrated robust goodness-of-fit, while uncertainty analysis indicated minimal discrepancies, with overall uncertainty below 2 %. Spatial analysis revealed varying WQ across districts, ranging from marginal to poor, while efficiency metrics demonstrated the model's effectiveness in providing accurate assessments. The configured WQI model could substantially contribute to informing aquatic managers and strategic planners for sustainable water resource management and policy development aimed at enhancing GW quality.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34618,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Engineering and Technology","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 100984"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143902166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sustainable geopolymer footpath block using kaolin mining waste as fine aggregate with bagasse fly ash and coal fly ash as precursor","authors":"Kitisak Vongsook ,&nbsp;Aroondet Boonsung ,&nbsp;Itthikorn Phummiphan ,&nbsp;Suksun Horpibulsuk ,&nbsp;Veena Phunpeng ,&nbsp;Teerasak Yaowarat ,&nbsp;Kanchana Hiranwatthana ,&nbsp;Arul Arulrajah","doi":"10.1016/j.clet.2025.100975","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clet.2025.100975","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aims to develop environmentally friendly footpath blocks by utilizing Kaolin Mining Waste (KMW) as a fine aggregate and fly ash (FA)/bagasse fly ash (BFA) blends as a precursor in the geopolymerization process. These materials, considered industrial by-products, offer the potential for reuse, reducing the reliance on natural resources while promoting sustainability. The experimental works involved substituting FA with BFA at varying proportions by binder weight to identify the optimal ratio for producing footpath blocks that meet standard mechanical requirements. The mechanical characteristics of the footpath blocks were evaluated by testing compressive and flexural strengths, and water absorption. The results indicated that replacing 10 % of FA with BFA (FA90BFA10) accomplished the maximum 28-day compressive strength of 15.6 MPa. A KMW/P ratio of 1.0 proved most effective in increasing flexural strength and minimizing water absorption. Microstructural analysis revealed that combining BFA substitution and the optimal KMW/P ratio created a dense geopolymer matrix with low porosity, enhancing the material's strength and durability. This research demonstrates that integrating KMW, FA, and BFA effectively produces footpath blocks with mechanical properties that meet the local industry standard. Incorporating these agricultural and coal-combustion by-products reduces industrial waste while fostering the manufacture of sustainable footpath block which supports long-term resource conservation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34618,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Engineering and Technology","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 100975"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143886649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimizing airflow in double-skin facades: Influence of vents design and cavity depth","authors":"Shouib Nouh Ma'bdeh ,&nbsp;Razan Omar Alali ,&nbsp;Majd Al-Shawabkeh ,&nbsp;Rahaf Mohammad Almomani ,&nbsp;Asia Ali Hamasha ,&nbsp;Rania Shannik ,&nbsp;Odi Fawwaz Alrebei","doi":"10.1016/j.clet.2025.100980","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clet.2025.100980","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Despite the energy-saving potential of NVDSFs, this research examined the effectiveness of the Double-Skin Facade (DSF) system by optimizing its geometric configurations to enhance natural ventilation and indoor air quality in office buildings. Using Butterfly plugin inside grasshopper software, compared the performance of the DSF system to a base case without DSF in Amman, Jordan. The proposed scenarios demonstrated improvements in indoor air quality, increasing the actual-to-required ventilation ratio to 5.3, compared to 3.75 in the base case, according to American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-Conditioning Engineers) (ASHRAE 62) standards. Furthermore, identified locations with the lowest velocities and analyzed high-turbulence areas to optimize space use. The most important qualitative results were found that room corners, particularly near the inlet and outlet proposed openings, were found to be a high turbulence and were less acceptable to users.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34618,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Engineering and Technology","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 100980"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143907043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimization of a chemical recycling process for epoxy-amine thermosets and their carbon fiber reinforced composites using a design of experiments approach","authors":"Valeria De Fabritiis,&nbsp;Leonardo Matta,&nbsp;Gianmarco Griffini,&nbsp;Stefano Turri","doi":"10.1016/j.clet.2025.100988","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clet.2025.100988","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Over the past decade, the use of carbon fiber reinforced polymers (CFRPs) in highly demanding applications has steadily grown in several industrial fields, leading to a significant increase in waste production in the coming years. Unfortunately, the recycling process of these materials presents significant challenges, due to their heterogeneity and the irreversible nature of the three-dimensional crosslinked network constituting the polymeric matrix, making their end-of-life management particularly critical. As a result, there is an urgent need for economically feasible, safe, and scalable strategies to efficiently recycle these materials and recover valuable components. To address this issue, this work presents an optimization protocol for a Lewis acid-catalyzed solvolysis process at atmospheric pressure, applied to recalcitrant aromatic amine–epoxy thermosets and their corresponding CFRPs. A central composite design of experiments (CCD) was implemented, taking concentration of AlCl₃, resin concentration, process temperature, and process time as factors, while the extent of dissolution of the epoxy matrix was selected as target system response. Process optimization was performed, based on the resulting model, to identify the most favorable operating conditions for the solvolysis, then validated on the corresponding CFRPs. As a result of this validation step, a functional oligomeric organic fraction could be recovered, together with intact and clean recycled CFs able to preserve &gt;95 % of their pristine mechanical properties. This work paves the path for the definition of important guidelines for the implementation of effective chemical recycling processes for amine-cured epoxy-based CFRPs, promoting a more favorable end-of-life management of these materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34618,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Engineering and Technology","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 100988"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143922238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retraction notice to “Middle East energy consumption and potential renewable sources: An overview” [Clean. Eng. Tech. (2023) 100599]","authors":"Qusay Hassan ,&nbsp;Mohammed Al-Hitmi ,&nbsp;Vahid Sohrabi Tabar ,&nbsp;Aws Zuhair Sameen ,&nbsp;Hayder M. Salman ,&nbsp;Marek Jaszczur","doi":"10.1016/j.clet.2025.100927","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clet.2025.100927","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":34618,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Engineering and Technology","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 100927"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143947601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Economic and environmental dynamics of tea production through material flow cost accounting (MFCA)","authors":"Majid Dekamin ,&nbsp;Ashkan Nabavi-Pelesaraei ,&nbsp;Hosein Rezaei","doi":"10.1016/j.clet.2025.100971","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clet.2025.100971","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The focus of the investigation is on the analysis of tea production in Iran by utilizing the Material Flow Cost Accounting (MFCA) technique, with the aim of determining the costs of both the economic and environmental aspects. The main driving principle of this study is to establish the true costs of the entire tea production process. The MFCA method provides a thorough material flow analysis to identify hidden costs associated with tea cultivation. It was found that the overall production expenditures involved, including human labor, agricultural machinery, fertilizers, pesticides, and fuel, stood at $6726.5 ha^-1 while the gross value of production was $5606.8 ha^-1. The negative gross return is primarily attributed to environmental costs, including emissions of toxic gases from fertilizers (ammonia and nitrous oxide), water and soil pollution caused by pesticide use, and a yield loss of 631.5 kg ha⁻¹. Among these, yield loss is identified as the most significant factor reducing profitability, although it is often overlooked in traditional cost accounting (TCA) models. In comparison to TCA, the MFCA approach — by incorporating environmental costs — demonstrates a more favorable benefit-cost ratio, indicating better financial performance when sustainability factors are considered. The research consequently asserts that in order to promote not only the economic viability but also the environmental sustainability of tea production, some production processes should be reformed and government policies updated. The restructuring should concentrate on the new machinery use, improvement in agricultural methods, as well as the adoption of policies which are focused on decreasing the environment costs and waste, all of these will lower the result of the tea farming industry in the area from the long-term point of view.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34618,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Engineering and Technology","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 100971"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143916685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimizing natural fiber content and types for enhanced strength and long-term durability in high-performance concrete","authors":"Osama Zaid ,&nbsp;Rayeh Nasr Al-Dala'ien ,&nbsp;Mohamed M. Arbili ,&nbsp;Yasser Alashker","doi":"10.1016/j.clet.2025.100983","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clet.2025.100983","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fiber-reinforced concrete (FRC) is widely recognized for its enhanced ductility, energy efficiency, and sustainability. However, achieving these benefits without compromising mechanical and durability performance remains a challenge. Natural fibers have gained significant attention as a sustainable and cost-effective alternative to synthetic fibers due to their low carbon footprint. This study investigates the effects of incorporating three types of natural fibers—jute fibers (JFs), banana fibers (BFs), and coconut fibers (CFs)—into high-performance concrete (HPC), with volume fractions ranging from 0 % to 0.75 %. Their performance was systematically compared with that of polypropylene fibers (PPFs), a commonly used synthetic fiber in FRC. The results showed a reduction in workability with increasing fiber content, with JFs having the most significant impact. In terms of compressive strength, JFs provided slightly superior results compared to both PPFs and other natural fibers. For indirect tensile strength (ITS) and modulus of rupture (MOR), JFs and PPFs outperformed BFs and CFs. The optimum fiber volume fraction for enhancing ITS and MOR was identified as 0.60 %. At this dosage, BFs, JFs, and CFs improved ITS by 22–90 % and MOR by 46–96.5 % at both 28 and 90 days, relative to the reference HPC mix, indicating their substantial contribution to mechanical performance. However, fiber contents exceeding 0.75 % negatively affected the impermeability, capillary absorption, freeze–thaw resistance, and thermal performance of HPC. Despite these drawbacks, the fiber-reinforced mixes still performed better than the control mix. To mitigate the adverse effects of higher fiber contents, the incorporation of micro-silica and suitable chemical admixtures is recommended to preserve the integrity and durability of HPC while maximizing the benefits of natural fiber reinforcement.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34618,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Engineering and Technology","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 100983"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143876755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}