{"title":"Internet of Materials – A concept for circular material traceability","authors":"Raul Carlsson , Tatiana Nevzorova","doi":"10.1016/j.clet.2025.100911","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clet.2025.100911","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>There are many different approaches to establishing traceability of material items and products. However, known efforts consider unconnected parts or perspectives of material traceability, without aiming at a full picture. This has led to the development of many incompatible solutions. The traceability of different materials gets lost along value chains when materials are mixed together in warehouses or process industry. Highly identifiable products from industrial serial production are given model and serial numbers, which are only identifiable through their manufacturer. Even though sources of materials may be the same for different manufacturers, the lack of traceability harmonization between sectors makes identifying materials difficult to sort for recycling at the end of life. Supply chains of individual organizations are optimized for the individual company's needs. Solutions are also built on individual technologies that are suitable for limited types of traceability. Much effort is still needed to practically solve the incompatibilities, mismatches and gaps between the different existing and proposed solutions. This research introduces the Internet of Materials (IoM) concept, which is largely based on existing international standards as its components. The article lays out the feasibility of IoM as a harmonizing concept and also presents some of its challenges. Because of similarities in name and some application areas, the research also compares and positions IoM to the Internet of Things (IoT) concept. The paper concludes with implications of the IoM concept for analyzing and designing circular material traceability for sustainability transitions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34618,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Engineering and Technology","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100911"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143421747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Investigating the impact of fatty acid profiles on biodiesel lubricity using artificial intelligence techniques","authors":"Atthaphon Maneedaeng , Attasit Wiangkham , Atthaphon Ariyarit , Anupap Pumpuang , Ekarong Sukjit","doi":"10.1016/j.clet.2025.100913","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clet.2025.100913","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Biodiesel lubricity is a crucial factor influencing engine performance and longevity, primarily determined by its fatty acid composition. This study evaluates the tribological properties of biodiesel derived from 15 different feedstocks using High-Frequency Reciprocating Rig (HFRR) tests, 3D-laser microscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS). The results indicate that biodiesel with higher unsaturation levels, particularly those rich in monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids, exhibits superior lubricity, characterized by reduced wear scar diameters and enhanced film formation. Conversely, biodiesels with high saturated fatty acid content demonstrate larger wear scar diameters and lower film formation efficiency, leading to increased friction and wear. To further analyze the impact of fatty acid composition on lubricity, an artificial intelligence (AI)-based approach using the Adaptive Boosting (AdaBoost) algorithm was implemented. The AI model effectively predicts wear scar diameter, friction coefficient, and film formation, providing insights into the complex interactions between fatty acid profiles and tribological performance. Feature importance analysis and sensitivity evaluation reveal that polyunsaturated fatty acids significantly enhance lubricity, while an optimal balance between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids is necessary to achieve stable frictional behavior. These findings emphasize the potential of AI-driven predictive modeling as a cost-effective tool for optimizing biodiesel lubricity, reducing the need for extensive experimental trials. The integration of advanced tribological testing and AI analysis offers a deeper understanding of biodiesel's lubrication mechanisms, supporting the development of high-performance, sustainable biofuels.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34618,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Engineering and Technology","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100913"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143454980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Reusable beverages packaging: A life cycle assessment of glass bottles for wine packaging","authors":"Justus Caspers, Pauline Bade, Matthias Finkbeiner","doi":"10.1016/j.clet.2025.100914","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clet.2025.100914","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bottle production constitutes up to 70% of the greenhouse gas emissions of wine consumption. However, a reuse system comes along with additional environmental burdens, namely via the impact of cleaning processes and increased transport distances for the return of packaging. Hence, the objective of this study is to assess the potential environmental implications associated with both reuse and single-use for wine bottles, by means of life cycle assessment (LCA).</div><div>Under the assumption based on wine consumption in Germany, the reusable bottle exhibits a reduced environmental impact in four out of five considered impact categories (climate change, fossil depletion, freshwater consumption, and freshwater ecotoxicity). Sensitivity analysis indicates that even one reuse cycle for wine bottles offers environmental benefit compared over single-use.</div><div>It is noteworthy that other studies, which also assess reusable beverage packaging, have reported smaller break-even points for the transport distances. This distinction arises from the study's exclusive focus on glass bottles, which dominate the wine market. In conclusion, a reusable wine bottle system holds the potential would significantly decrease the environmental footprint of wine consumption.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34618,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Engineering and Technology","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100914"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143421748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Analyzing the environmental footprint of the chocolate industry using a hybrid life cycle assessment method","authors":"Shuhan Wang, Yahong Dong","doi":"10.1016/j.clet.2025.100912","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clet.2025.100912","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study develops a hybrid life cycle assessment (H-LCA) framework for the chocolate industry. The analysis focuses on the top ten chocolate-consuming countries, encompassing life cycle stages from raw material production to waste management. The findings reveal that raw material production (64.64%) and chocolate manufacturing (28.90%) are the most significant contributors to environmental impact of the chocolate industry, with milk powder, sugar, and cocoa derivatives being notable factors. Among different types of chocolate, dark chocolate exhibits the lowest carbon emissions (3.11 kgCO<sub>2</sub>eq/kg), whereas milk chocolate has the highest emissions (5.94 kgCO<sub>2</sub>eq/kg). The environmental footprint correlates positively with consumption levels, with the top ten consuming countries contributing a total environmental footprint of 1.43E+08 pt in 2020, and the United States having the largest environmental footprint at 3.94E+07 pt (27.6%). Suggestions for reducing environmental impact and optimizing product formulas are proposed, offering valuable benchmarks for the application of LCA within the industry.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34618,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Engineering and Technology","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100912"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143421749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Khin Sam Thwe , Jiratchaya Ayawanna , Lindung Zalbuin Mase , Salisa Chaiyaput
{"title":"Utilization of ladle furnace slag and fly ash as partially replacement of cement","authors":"Khin Sam Thwe , Jiratchaya Ayawanna , Lindung Zalbuin Mase , Salisa Chaiyaput","doi":"10.1016/j.clet.2025.100910","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clet.2025.100910","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ladle Furnace Slag (LFS) and fly ash (FA) are industrial waste products commonly deposited in landfills, while the cement industry is a major source of carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) emissions. Previous research has explored using LFS and FA as cement replacement materials to help mitigate environmental impacts. Yet, no studies have explored combining LFS and FA as cement replacement materials. Therefore, this research highlights the study of the combination of LFS and FA mixes as a partial cement replacement. The mix design for cement replacement materials was developed by combining ordinary Portland cement (OPC), LFS, and FA in the following weight ratios: 10:10:80, 20:20:60, and 30:30:40. These mix designs were assessed in comparison to 100%OPC (% by weight), evaluating key properties (bulk density, specific gravity, normal consistency, setting time, compressive strength, flexural strength, and microstructural characteristics). According to the findings, incorporating LFS and FA, both pozzolanic materials effectively improved the strength of the material by promoting a pozzolanic reaction, particularly during the final stages of curing. Furthermore, it was found that a mixed design containing 20% OPC, 20% LFS, and 60% FA demonstrated suitable properties for cement replacement in various applications, with beneficial results in terms of setting time and strength development. From X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and scanning electron microscope (SEM analysis), C-S-H gel, as well as Ca(OH)<sub>2</sub> and Mg(OH)<sub>2</sub> chemical compounds, were formulated. The aforementioned replacement is being used to promote environmental sustainability through the efficient use of industrial byproducts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34618,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Engineering and Technology","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100910"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143421746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xuelin Chen , Wen Shao , Jinyuan Tang , Yuansheng Zhou , Dimitrios Kontziampasis , Shuai Mo , Bo Hu
{"title":"Study on the transient thermo-mechanical coupling mechanism at tool-chip interface in ultrasonic vibration assisted chip formation process under sustainable dry machining conditions","authors":"Xuelin Chen , Wen Shao , Jinyuan Tang , Yuansheng Zhou , Dimitrios Kontziampasis , Shuai Mo , Bo Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.clet.2025.100908","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clet.2025.100908","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Dry machining has become one of the most promising and sustainable manufacturing processes in mechanical machining. One of the main puzzles for industrial applications of dry machining is tool wear, which are closely related with the transient thermomechanical characteristics of tool-chip interface (TCI). Simultaneously, those characteristics at micro scale can provided the critical insight of cutting mechanics and tool wear in ultrasonic vibration assisted cutting (UVC). However, reports in literature appear to be scarce. In this study the transient model of thermomechanical behavior in TCI is proposed, with a consideration of characteristics changes induced by ultrasonic vibration, as well as a focus on the transient cutting mechanism, as well as stress and friction. The proposed model is validated by comparison with the experimental and published analytical results. Obtained results from the proposed model indicate that the distribution of normal stress and average shear stress are similar to those that are predicted by Zorev's model. However, a noticeable apparent discrepancy appears between the two models regarding the distribution of shear stress. Apparently, the ultrasonic vibration changes the friction via alternating normal and shear stresses, and delays the time for the cutting force and the stress to reach their peak point. Additionally, it is confirmed that the fluctuation and increment of friction coefficient is due to the cutting force reduction in UVC under sustainable dry conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34618,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Engineering and Technology","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100908"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143395327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Isaac Gwayi, Sarah Paul Ayeng’o, Cuthbert Z.M. Kimambo
{"title":"Selection of electrochemical and electrical energy storage systems for off-grid renewable energy mini-grids: A review","authors":"Isaac Gwayi, Sarah Paul Ayeng’o, Cuthbert Z.M. Kimambo","doi":"10.1016/j.clet.2025.100906","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clet.2025.100906","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Application of electrochemical energy storage systems (ESSs) in off-grid renewable energy (RE) mini-grids (REMGs) is crucial to ensure continuous power supply. These storage systems face accelerated degradation due to fluctuations in demand and supply power of the system. Although various research has been conducted in the field of ESSs, study on selecting appropriate ESSs for off-grid REMGs, considering power fluctuations impact, is still a gap which needs further research. This review study therefore, focused on studying and selecting appropriate electrochemical and electrical storage systems for off-grid REMGs through investigating their technical, economic and environmental factors. On economic factors investigation; capital recovery factor (CRF) and annualised cost (AC) of considered ESSs were used in this study. Comparison and analysis of technical and economic factors of the storage systems were done using graphical method. Results show that hybrid combination of lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery or lead acid (Pb-Acid) battery with supercapacitor (SC) are appropriate ESSs for off-grid REMGs. Furthermore, trade-offs between ESSs options are analysed and the study recommends hybridisation of Li-ion, Pb-Acid and SC to further improve performance of the hybrid storage. Finally, challenges in deploying the proposed hybrid energy storage system (HESS) configurations are discussed and areas needing further research for improvement are proposed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34618,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Engineering and Technology","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100906"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143376655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pukar Jung Kunwar , Janne Harkonen , Harri Haapasalo , Iqra Sadaf Khan , Jukka Majava
{"title":"Productization of carbon handprint – A product management perspective","authors":"Pukar Jung Kunwar , Janne Harkonen , Harri Haapasalo , Iqra Sadaf Khan , Jukka Majava","doi":"10.1016/j.clet.2025.100903","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clet.2025.100903","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Despite its potential benefits, knowledge of the carbon handprint notion lacks the necessary means to address products and services in a structured manner, hindering appropriate methodological implementation and limiting support for firms' cleantech activities. Furthermore, an essential link to the product management perspective is lacking. To address this gap, this study details the components and features of products and their environmental impact to facilitate carbon handprint quantification and communication through productization. A conceptual research approach was adopted to develop a framework that links the carbon handprint to a broader product management perspective through productization. Selected theories provide a level of rationale for the productization of carbon handprints. This study presents illustrative examples involving motor vehicles and building construction and a generic approach to demonstrate how carbon handprints can be integrated into product structures over the engineering lifecycle. The productization approach enables businesses to effectively connect emissions and positive impacts on products. By broadening the understanding of carbon handprints through productization, companies can systematically utilize carbon emission information both internally and externally. This supports the overall product management perspective and enables effective analytics and reporting of carbon footprints and handprints.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34618,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Engineering and Technology","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100903"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143376656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Upgrading corncob bio-oil via oxidative pretreatment, esterification and azeotropic distillation","authors":"Nattawut Khuenkaeo , Prapaporn Prasertpong , Nakorn Tippayawong","doi":"10.1016/j.clet.2024.100874","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clet.2024.100874","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bio-oils produced from fast pyrolysis of agricultural residues are considered renewable without competition against food production. However, pyrolytic bio-oils are limited for direct use as fuels because of poor properties, hence, upgrading may be needed. In this study, both aqueous and organic phase bio-oils were oxidized with ozone and subsequently esterified with n-butanol or methanol in the presence of Amberlyst-15 catalyst. Ozone-UV oxidation successfully formed sufficient carboxylic acids to serve as intermediate reagent for esterification. For the organic fraction of bio-oils esterified with methanol and n-butanol accompanied by water removal, significant reduction of acids (∼75–78% total acid number and ∼53–61% of carboxylic acids) was achieved. It appeared to have lower water and oxygen content and high calorific values of 32.2–35.1 MJ/kg. The esterified aqueous fraction of bio-oils achieved high ester yield with the maximum yield of 62.5% oxygenated compounds at 1.5% catalyst loading and oxidized bio-oil to n-butanol ratio of 1:1. Although significant amount of water and oxygen was removed, the resulting liquid still had relatively low calorific value.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34618,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Engineering and Technology","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 100874"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143097505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Evaluating the area energy performance of suburban industrial parks in the tokyo metropolitan area","authors":"Ruiyi Zhang , Wanglin Yan","doi":"10.1016/j.clet.2025.100888","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clet.2025.100888","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Suburban industrial parks (SIP) are crucial for cities; yet their environmental and economic sustainability require continuous efforts regarding energy intensity. While recent studies have examined the energy performance of individual SIPs, there is limited understanding of their mutual influence in local industrial contexts. This study introduced a new area energy performance (AEP) indicator to assess the energy productivity of SIPs in the Tokyo metropolitan area (TMA) using a suburban industrial community (SIC) model. Enterprise-based location quotients for 89 SIP samples across 11 industrial sectors were used to evaluate local industrial structures (LIS) at SIP, its surrounding, and regional scales. The results showed that SIPs in Tokyo Prefecture had exceptionally high AEP values owing to outstanding industrial energy productivities, suggesting their potential to lead sustainable development. The spatial variation in AEP reflects the characteristics of LIS, with machinery industries dominating SIPs and their surroundings, whereas living-related industries prevailed regionally. Furthermore, the AEP values of neighborhood areas were usually between those of the SIPs and their municipalities. This suggests that the agglomeration effects of SIPs' energy productivity could help the SIC perform better overall, especially in the eastern TMA. Our analysis revealed that 18 out of 43 low-performing SIPs exceeded municipal averages when expanded to the SIC scale, highlighting the importance of neighborhood synergies. The findings highlight the importance of contextualized industrial spatial planning and SICs’ sustainable revitalization in the metropolitan peripheries, providing spatial-specific insights for policymakers and industrial planners.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34618,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Engineering and Technology","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 100888"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143097506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}