Cleaner Engineering and Technology最新文献

{"title":"Parametric LCA model for Ti6Al4V powder production","authors":"Christian Spreafico,&nbsp;Baris Ördek","doi":"10.1016/j.clet.2025.101032","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clet.2025.101032","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The production of titanium (Ti6Al4V) powder is critical for aerospace, biomedical, and additive manufacturing but poses environmental challenges due to its energy intensity. Existing assessments often rely on static LCAs, offering limited optimization, or employ fragmented parametric models that do not capture full system interdependencies. This study introduces a novel, comprehensive parametric Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) framework for Ti6Al4V powder production, addressing these limitations. Its core methodological innovation lies in the integration of the entire production chain (from mining to sieving) and the simultaneous optimization of technically crucial, interdependent operational parameters, specifically, TiO₂ content in slag (typically 0.78–0.90), atomization electrode diameter (0.04–0.10 m), and argon pressure (often ≈5.5 MPa), rather than just parameterizing mass/energy flows as often seen in prior models. This is achieved by linking upstream process quality (e.g., slag composition impacting chlorination energy) to downstream performance and environmental impacts (e.g., atomization energy and waste generation) through empirically-derived relationships based on extensive literature data. The model minimizes environmental impact under user-defined control conditions (target powder diameter, region, impact category). Numerical investigation demonstrates significant impact reduction potential. Crucially, the model quantifies environmental trade-offs between conflicting objectives and reveals critical hotspots, with atomization and chlorination consistently accounting for &gt;70 % of impacts even post-optimization. Energy consumption sensitivity is high, varying over five-fold for key steps based on parameter adjustments. This holistic, multi-variable optimization approach provides unprecedented, actionable insights by identifying optimal operational settings, not just sensitivities, for enhancing the sustainability of Ti6Al4V powder production, overcoming limitations of prior static or phase-specific parametric models.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34618,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Engineering and Technology","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 101032"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144480368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strategies to control the growth of unwanted microalgae during the production of Arthrospira platensis BEA 005B","authors":"Silvia Villaró ,&nbsp;Sandra Valero-Cardoso ,&nbsp;Cristina Cerdá-Moreno ,&nbsp;Martina Ciardi ,&nbsp;Tomás Lafarga","doi":"10.1016/j.clet.2025.101035","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clet.2025.101035","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>When producing <em>Arthrospira platensis</em> (Spirulina) it is essential to reuse the exhausted culture medium for sustainability reasons. However, this strategy is challenging given the negative effect the medium has on microalgal growth. While recycling helps reduce costs and environmental impact, it can also result in an increased risk of biological contamination. Indeed, in this study, harvesting <em>Arthrospira platensis</em> using a 100 μm mesh led to an accumulation of an unwanted microalga identified as <em>Chlorella</em> sp. To address this issue, various strategies were evaluated. These included the use of sea salt, increasing the pH, heating the culture, or adding an additional ultrafiltration step. The results showed that the most effective solution was to incorporate a 0.2 μm membrane filter. This technique eliminated the <em>Chlorella</em> sp. cells from the culture medium, resulting in a 15 % increase in the <em>A. platensis</em> biomass production compared to unfiltered cultures. Adjusting the pH of the culture to 10.5 also limited the growth of <em>Chlorella</em> sp. without significantly affecting <em>A. platensis</em> growth. This strategy proved suitable for delaying the accumulation of <em>Chlorella</em> sp. but did not avoid its appearance. The findings reported in this work underscore the importance of choosing appropriate separation methods to ensure the purity and productivity of <em>A. platensis</em> cultures in large-scale production systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34618,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Engineering and Technology","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 101035"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144480366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synchrotron X-ray imaging study on the mechanism of solids transfer to bitumen froth during oil sands flotation 2: Water entrainment","authors":"Hanyu Zhang ,&nbsp;Liuyin Xia ,&nbsp;Ning Zhu ,&nbsp;Iris He","doi":"10.1016/j.clet.2025.101036","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clet.2025.101036","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Understanding the mechanisms of solids carryover in bitumen froth production remains a significant challenge due to the lack of in-situ visualization of particles within such a complex multiphase system. Building upon our previous synchrotron-based X-ray micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) imaging with a 6.5 μm voxel size, this study achieved a higher resolution with voxel size of 3.6 μm, enabling clear visualization of mineral grains approximately down to 20 μm in size. For the first time, we successfully differentiated water and bitumen phases in real time within bitumen froth. This breakthrough allowed direct observation of fine particle behavior and their association with either the water or bitumen phase. High-resolution characterization confirmed our earlier finding that approximately 40 % of solids attached to bubbles and are transported to the froth through true flotation. The enhanced resolution further revealed that heavy minerals are more likely to undergo true flotation than sand particles, which is attributed to their stronger hydrophobicity after bitumen coating. Wettability measurements showed that bitumen-coated rutile had a contact angle of 128°, significantly higher than the 95° for bitumen-coated quartz. Beyond true flotation, X-ray imaging showed that about 80 % of fluid phase particles resided in water, indicating significant water entrainment. These findings suggest that reducing water content in the froth could help lower solids entrainment. Overall, this study provides new insight into the mechanisms of unwanted solids carryover during oil sands flotation, and offers potential strategies to improve bitumen froth quality with fewer solids. These include controlling water content, particle hydrophobicity, and fine particle behavior.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34618,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Engineering and Technology","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 101036"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144501162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multivariate predictive modeling of compressive strength in ground granulated blast furnace slag/fly ash-based alkali-activated concrete","authors":"Dina A. Emarah","doi":"10.1016/j.clet.2025.101021","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clet.2025.101021","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The environmental challenges associated with cement production have driven the development of alkali-activated concrete (AAC) as a sustainable alternative to Portland cement-based materials. AAC incorporates industrial byproducts, such as fly ash (FA) and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS), as binders, significantly reducing carbon emissions. While many studies have explored predictive modeling of AAC's compressive strength (CS), this study stands out by addressing critical gaps in the field. Using a comprehensive dataset of 1590 samples with 14 input variables, it captures the complex, multi-variable dependencies affecting AAC's mechanical behavior. Unlike previous studies that often focus on a limited set of parameters or single-variable models, this work evaluates and compares four advanced predictive models: Linear Regression (LR), Multi-Linear Regression (MLR), Non-Linear Regression (NLR), and Artificial Neural Networks (ANN). The ANN model, with its ability to handle non-linear interactions, significantly outperformed traditional methods, achieving the highest Coefficient of Determination (R² = 0.96) and the lowest Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE = 2.82 MPa). Moreover, this study introduces a sensitivity comparison that was carried out for the ANN model to discover and analyze the most critical input parameter that influences the CS of AAC. The results reveal that curing temperature is the most influential factor, followed by the alkaline solution-to-binder (AL/b) ratio, sodium hydroxide concentration, and specimen age. Additionally, the study introduced advanced performance metrics, including R², RMSE, Scatter Index (SI), Objective Function (OBJ), and Scatter Index (SI), to provide a more robust validation of the models. By incorporating diverse parameters, employing advanced machine learning techniques, and performing a comprehensive sensitivity analysis, this research establishes a new benchmark for predictive modeling of AAC's CS. The findings offer actionable insights for optimizing AAC formulations and further support the broader adoption of AAC as an eco-friendly construction material. In addition, this study lays the foundation for future innovations, including hybrid modeling approaches and sustainability-focused assessments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34618,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Engineering and Technology","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 101021"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144297503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of bioadmixture dosage on mechanical and self-healing properties of cement paste containing incinerated sugarcane press mud","authors":"Zerlinda Mara Ditta ,&nbsp;Peerawat Laohana ,&nbsp;Nantawat Tanapongpisit ,&nbsp;Wittawat Saenrang ,&nbsp;Sophon Boonlue ,&nbsp;Darunee Kaewpikul ,&nbsp;Vanchai Sata ,&nbsp;Prinya Chindaprasirt ,&nbsp;Jindarat Ekprasert","doi":"10.1016/j.clet.2025.101023","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clet.2025.101023","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The cement industry is one of the major sources of greenhouse gas. Replacing cement with alternative materials such as incinerated sugarcane press mud (IWFC) is promising for reducing CO₂ emissions, but the quality of materials is diminished. This research then aims to investigate the influence of bioadmixture, calcifying bacteria <em>Lysinibacillus</em> sp. WH, at three bacterial dosage concentrations (10⁸, 10⁹, and 10¹⁰ CFU/mL) on microstructural development and mechanical enhancement of Portland cement paste and cement pastes containing varied ratios of IWFC. The results show that the bacterial concentration of 10¹⁰ CFU/mL effectively enhances mechanical characteristics of IWFC-cement pastes, while lower concentration is more favorable to Portland cement paste (P). Here, we are the first to provide evidence that the properties of cement paste composites comparable to Portland cement paste can be achieved even when the IWFC is replaced with cement as high as 20 % by weight together with the incorporation of calcifying bacteria. Moreover, IWFC-cement pastes with high bacterial concentration of 10¹⁰ CFU/mL exhibit the fastest self-healing ability within two weeks. The regained strength after healing is &gt;85 % in all composite specimens. Overall, this work provides an effective method to develop durable and eco-friendly cement.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34618,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Engineering and Technology","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 101023"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144280769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance enhancement and integrating renewable energy into reverse osmosis seawater desalination system in the Moroccan coastal region","authors":"Otman Abida ,&nbsp;Hanane Ait Lahoussine Ouali ,&nbsp;Nouhaila Belkaid ,&nbsp;Mohamed Essalhi ,&nbsp;Emil Obeid ,&nbsp;Nisar Ali","doi":"10.1016/j.clet.2025.101017","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clet.2025.101017","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the energy consumption and environmental challenges of the Phosboucraa seawater desalination plant in Laayoune, southern Morocco, used as a work-study to explore strategies for enhancing energy efficiency, carbon mitigation and sustainability. The plant, which produces 4000 m³/day of fresh water for phosphate washing, currently operates at a high energy demand of approximately 8 kWh/m³. To address these challenges, four strategic scenarios were evaluated: the implementation of Pressure Exchanger (PX) technology, Ultrafiltration (UF), a single sand filter type, and the integration of renewable energy sources into the desalination process. Key findings indicate that PX technology significantly reduced energy consumption to 2.8 kWh/m³, while UF pretreatment provided a balanced outcome with a permeate flow rate of 78.62 m³/h at 2.88 kWh/m³. The single trilayer sand filter scenario achieved the highest permeate flow rate of 82.18 m³/h, but at a higher energy consumption of 3.01 kWh/m³. The optimal hybrid renewable energy system, comprising a 233 kW Photovoltaic (PV) panel, two 1500 kW wind turbines (WTs), a 965 kW converter, a 2100 kW diesel generator, and 3963 batteries, achieved the lowest Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE) at 0.194 $/kWh and the lowest Net Present Cost (NPC) of 21.9 million $, with a renewable fraction of approximately 80.5 %. The integration of renewable energy sources led to a substantial reduction in CO₂ emissions, decreasing by approximately 80 % compared to conventional diesel-powered operations. Future work will focus on integrating battery storage and developing intelligent control mechanisms to improve system stability and reliability, making hybrid desalination systems a key solution for water security in energy-resource-rich coastal regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34618,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Engineering and Technology","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 101017"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144297538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Circularity potentials, influential factors, modeling approach and policy interventions of circular supply chain for electric vehicles","authors":"Karsi Widiawati ,&nbsp;Bertha Maya Sopha ,&nbsp;Benny Tjahjono ,&nbsp;Naly Rakoto","doi":"10.1016/j.clet.2025.101013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clet.2025.101013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Electric vehicles (EVs) provide a primary alternative for mitigating greenhouse gas emissions in the transportation sector. Nonetheless, their extensive use poses concerns, including a rise in throwaway batteries, which, if inadequately managed, may result in heightened human toxicity. Therefore, the establishment of a circular supply chain (CSC) for EVs is crucial for ensuring long-term sustainability. This study seeks to investigate circularity potentials of end of life (EoL) EVs, influential factors, modeling approaches, and policy interventions that promote the implementation of a CSC for EVs based on a systematic review of empirical-based literature following the PRISMA framework. The findings highlight that, under an optimized waste hierarchy, approximately 55.1–59.5 % of EV components can be reused, 24.4−31.8 % repurposed, 55.1−59.5 % remanufactured, and 95.6−96.0 % recycled, leaving about 23.5–24.7 % of components destined for landfills. Five factors pertaining to regulations, economics, environment, technology and infrastructure, ecosystem were identified to be influential for the CSC implementation for EVs. These factors are modeled using either optimization, simulation, or hybrid approach, depending on the modeling objective and settings, in order to comprehend the CSC system, support decision-making and enhance resource recovery strategies. Policy interventions primarily focused on collection and transportation, technology and infrastructure, and economic aspects, have recently been expanded to encompass social interventions, design standardization, and stakeholder collaboration. Given the potential circularity of EV components, the multifaceted factors involving various stakeholders should be addressed in designing and implementing CSC system for a more resource-efficient future of EVs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34618,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Engineering and Technology","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 101013"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144296840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corn cob valorization: Synthesis of a polymer based on crystalline cellulose with poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate and N-vinylcaprolactam","authors":"Paola Gutiérrez,&nbsp;Miguel Aldas,&nbsp;Dayana Gavilanes,&nbsp;Francisco Cadena,&nbsp;Vladimir Valle","doi":"10.1016/j.clet.2025.101019","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clet.2025.101019","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A growing trend in research is the use of agro-industrial waste as a renewable raw material. Cellulose is among the most abundant and versatile biopolymers, which can be derived from agro-industrial waste like corn cobs. This study explored the valorization of corn cob (CM) waste through the extraction of crystalline cellulose (CC) and its modification via radical emulsion polymerization with poly (ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) and N-vinylcaprolactam (N-VCL). CC was extracted from CM through pulping, bleaching, and acid hydrolysis, achieving a yield of 67 %. Characterization by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed a fibrillary structure with sizes below 100 μm. X-ray diffraction (XRD) demonstrated a crystallinity index of 98.72 % and characteristic peaks of type I cellulose. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) confirmed the removal of hemicellulose, lignin, and amorphous cellulose. Thermal Gravimetric Analysis (TGA) indicated thermal stability up to 369 °C. In the grafted copolymer CC-g-poly (PEGDA-co-N-VCL), with a polymerization yield of 83.91 %, FTIR confirmed the incorporation of PEGDA and N-VCL. SEM analysis revealed a homogeneous three-dimensional surface without visible fibrils, indicating successful grafting. Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) analyses showed transitions at 340 °C, 427 °C, and 460 °C, reflecting enhanced thermal stability, while TGA revealed less gradual degradation in the copolymer, with mass loss stages at higher temperatures. This grafted material exhibited improved thermal stability and lower water absorption than the unmodified CC, highlighting its potential for applications requiring high thermal resistance and moisture control.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34618,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Engineering and Technology","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 101019"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144243130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Solvent assisted approach for greener decoloration of textile and fashion waste","authors":"Esha Sharma ,&nbsp;Matthew Kevin Hardjopranoto ,&nbsp;Poernomo Gunawan ,&nbsp;Zoey Seah Geok Leng ,&nbsp;Dalton Tay Chor Yong ,&nbsp;Nupur Gupta ,&nbsp;Liang Yen Nan ,&nbsp;Xiao Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.clet.2025.100990","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clet.2025.100990","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>There is a growing interest in the decolorization of pre-consumer textile waste, which includes manufacturing scraps with diverse compositions. This study investigates the effectiveness of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as a solvent for removing dye molecules from both polyester and cotton fabrics. Our findings demonstrate that DMSO significantly decolorizes 100 % PET textile waste after multiple treatment cycles, while its impact on cotton is less pronounced, underscoring the influence of dye-fiber bonding and the behaviour of DMSO on fiber. Nevertheless, DMSO can be effectively used as a pre-treatment on cotton and may even eliminate the need for a separate bleaching step. A notable advantage of using DMSO for blended textiles is its ability to reduce overall color intensity without the need to separate the blend components. This approach presents a sustainable solution for the decoloration of textile waste, emphasizing fewer processing steps, reduced chemical usage, and lower energy consumption during recycling of textile waste.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34618,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Engineering and Technology","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 100990"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144203543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A fuzzy linear program for optimal allocation of carbon credits in multi-product firms","authors":"Kathleen B. Aviso ,&nbsp;Dominic C.Y. Foo ,&nbsp;Maria Victoria Migo-Sumagang ,&nbsp;Raymond R. Tan","doi":"10.1016/j.clet.2025.101009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clet.2025.101009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Net zero commitments put pressure on companies to decarbonize their operations and products with mitigation measures such as improving energy efficiency and reducing fossil fuel use. In addition, carbon dioxide removal credits can be purchased from vendors to credit hard-to-abate emissions. It is necessary to allocate these credits to meet product-specific carbon footprint reduction and cost targets; providing effective model-based support for such decisions is an emerging challenge. A fuzzy linear programming model is developed here to address this research gap. The model is based on an environmentally-extended enterprise input-output model, which allows consistent computation of the carbon footprint and production cost of each product. When credits are purchased from an external vendor and distributed to the firm's internal operations, both the carbon footprint reduction and the incremental cost propagate through the production system via intermediate streams. The carbon credits are allocated optimally given company-defined carbon footprint reduction targets and incremental cost limits. The model is first demonstrated in a simple pedagogical case study. It is then applied to an industrial case study of a conglomerate producing a suite of electronics hardware and software products; carbon footprints are reduced by 40 % with an incremental production cost of less than 1 % for most of the products. These examples show how firms can use carbon credits more effectively to decarbonize their product portfolios.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34618,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Engineering and Technology","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 101009"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144243134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}