Fundamental Research最新文献

{"title":"Decarbonization via plasma-enabled CO2 conversion: Prospects and challenges","authors":"Tao Shao,&nbsp;Yunxia Yang,&nbsp;Xin Tu,&nbsp;Anthony B. Murphy","doi":"10.1016/j.fmre.2025.03.017","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fmre.2025.03.017","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The increasing levels of CO₂ in the atmosphere are significantly worsening the greenhouse effect, triggering a series of serious environmental problems. There is an urgency to develop and deploy decarbonization pathways to alleviate the situation. Electricity-driven plasma technology operates under mild conditions with high energy efficiency and can be coupled with renewable energy to realize the conversion of CO₂ to fuels and chemicals, offering an alternative solution to transform and store the renewable energy into energy carriers. This perspective describes the challenges and prospects of plasma-enabled CO₂ conversion processes in three conversion pathways (splitting, reforming and hydrogenation) and their techno-economic analysis. We highlight the key elements of integrating renewable electricity with the power source to generate and sustain plasma to reduce carbon emission. Unlocking the three conversion pathways has a substantial potential for rapid and deep decarbonization of the chemical industry, accelerating the transition to a low-carbon economy and facilitating improvements in environmental sustainability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34602,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental Research","volume":"6 5","pages":"Pages 3123-3128"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149056548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DPAFuse: A dual-space probabilistic adversarial image fusion framework with robust coding embedding","authors":"Hao Zhang,&nbsp;Meiqi Gong,&nbsp;Douyu Wu,&nbsp;Jiayi Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.fmre.2026.03.024","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fmre.2026.03.024","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Multimodal image fusion aims to integrate complementary information from heterogeneous sensors, yet existing methods remain vulnerable to composite degradations and inherent modality bias. On the one hand, representations become unreliable under composite degradations; on the other hand, fusion strategies often directly enforce cross-modal consistency, inevitably forcing the fused results into inter-modal compromises and leading to unstable representations. To address these issues, we propose DPAFuse, a dual-space probabilistic adversarial image fusion framework with robust coding embedding. Firstly, a robust coding embedding mechanism projects heterogeneous inputs into a unified latent space, contracting the distributional discrepancies among diverse composite degradations and aligning them closer to the underlying clean representation, while effectively suppressing degradation-related components and preserving modality-invariant structural and semantic features. Moreover, to alleviate modality bias, we design a dual-space probabilistic adversarial fusion mechanism that enforces distribution-level consistency across latent and image domains, enabling adaptive global fusion without local compromises. Extensive experiments on public datasets demonstrate that DPAFuse achieves superior robustness and fusion fidelity compared with state-of-the-art methods. The code is publicly available at <span><span>https://github.com/HaoZhang1018/DPAFuse</span><svg><path></path></svg></span>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34602,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental Research","volume":"6 4","pages":"Pages 2587-2601"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148640519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mathematical foundation of the UN(1) quantum geometric tensor","authors":"Xin Wang,&nbsp;Xu-Yang Hou,&nbsp;Jia-Chen Tang,&nbsp;Hao Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.fmre.2025.04.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fmre.2025.04.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this paper, we systematically establish the mathematical foundation for the <span><math><mrow><msup><mtext>U</mtext><mi>N</mi></msup><mrow><mo>(</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow></math></span> quantum geometric tensor (QGT) of mixed states Explicitly, we present a description based on the <span><math><mrow><msup><mtext>U</mtext><mi>N</mi></msup><mrow><mo>(</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow></math></span> principal bundle and derive a Pythagorean-like distance decomposition equation. Additionally, we offer a comprehensive comparison of its properties with those of the U(1) principal bundle description of the pure-state QGT. Finally, we prove a fundamental inequality for the <span><math><mrow><msup><mtext>U</mtext><mi>N</mi></msup><mrow><mo>(</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow></math></span> QGT and discuss its physical implication.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34602,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental Research","volume":"6 4","pages":"Pages 2175-2183"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148640637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fine-tune the electronic structure of copper nanowire networks by heteroatom doping toward enhanced Fenton-like reaction","authors":"Wentian Zheng,&nbsp;Meng Liu,&nbsp;Shijie You,&nbsp;Meng Sun,&nbsp;Yanbiao Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.fmre.2024.04.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fmre.2024.04.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To fine-tune the configuration of electrons around metal centers is critical to enhancing the activation of peroxymonosulfate (PMS) for organic decontamination in a manner similar to the Fenton-like reaction. Herein, we systematically explored the inclusion of different heteroatoms to manipulate the electronic configuration of copper nanowire (CuNW) networks toward PMS activation. Both experimental results and theoretical simulations unveiled that doping the CuNW with boron (B) to generate CuNW-B adjusted the <em>d</em> orbital of CuNW, optimized the electronic density of Cu active sites and endowed a proper adsorption energy of PMS, which provided the most active oxidation capacity of the materials studied. Conversely, doping with phosphorus (P) to generate CuNW-P caused evident performance decay in terms of the activation of PMS, as strong adsorption energy hindered the effective desorption of key intermediates. Accordingly, the CuNW-B boosts the Fenton-like reaction and is nearly triple and twice as effectively at degrading bisphenol A (92.5%) as CuNW-P (36.0%) and CuNW (50.5%). Thus, it was reasonably hypothesized that electronic reconstruction played an important role in improving the Fenton-like reaction. During this process, an applied potential (AP) facilitated the catalytic process by reducing Cu²⁺ to Cu⁺, which was followed by the formation of primary active species (Cu³⁺). Additionally, the use of a recirculating fluid flow in the reactor provided convective mass transfer, which led to more charge transfer to the structure of electrode relative to a conventional diffusion-limited batch reactor. Moreover, tests in a variety of challenging conditions demonstrated the robustness and stability of the combined CuNW-B/PMS/AP approach. This study provides an approach to finely control the electronic structure of Cu sites and is expected to guide the design of advanced Fenton-like catalysts, which could further provide a promising technology for the treatment of actual organic wastewater in a sustainable manner.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34602,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental Research","volume":"6 4","pages":"Pages 2227-2234"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140763588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Drought facilitated the westward expansion of the Mongol Empire in the 1230s","authors":"Weipeng Yue,&nbsp;Feng Chen,&nbsp;Olga Solomina,&nbsp;Jan Esper,&nbsp;Nicole K. Davi,&nbsp;Ulf Büntgen,&nbsp;Shijie Wang,&nbsp;Vladimir Matskovsky,&nbsp;Caroline Leland,&nbsp;Leonid Agafonov,&nbsp;Max C.A. Torbenson,&nbsp;Magdalena Opała-Owczarek,&nbsp;Mao Hu,&nbsp;Marina Gurskaya,&nbsp;Zulfiyor Bakhtiyorov,&nbsp;Xiaoen Zhao,&nbsp;Yang Xu,&nbsp;Heli Zhang,&nbsp;Youping Chen,&nbsp;Fahu Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.fmre.2025.08.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fmre.2025.08.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Mongol Empire’s Western Expedition stands as the most impactful historical event shaping the historical trajectory of the Eurasian continent in the second millennium. However, the climatic spatiotemporal patterns during the Mongol Empire’s Western Expedition have remained inadequately elucidated. Here, we reconstruct changes in summer water balance on the East European Plain between 943 and 2019 CE. Integrating tree-ring hydroclimatic sequences from Central Europe, Central Asia, and East Asia, we comprehensively delineate the climatic backdrop along the empire’s western expansion route, demonstrating the pivotal role of climate in driving the Mongol Empire’s expansion. We find that the persistent arid grassland environment along the main routes of the Mongol Empire’s westward expansion (1227–1241 CE) provided climatic advantages for their expansion, enhancing the military effectiveness of Mongol cavalry and driving the rapid conquest of the Eurasian continent. We identify the summer North Atlantic Oscillation as a primary driver of East European Plain hydroclimatic variability and highlight increased drought risk under future warming scenarios. By integrating long-term climate variability with sociohistorical dynamics, this study proposes a framework for understanding the mechanisms underpinning climate-human interactions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34602,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental Research","volume":"6 4","pages":"Pages 2417-2426"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148640302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a one-step office hysteroscopic lightweight artificial intelligence application for subfertility risk stratification of intrauterine adhesions","authors":"Bohan Li,&nbsp;Hui Chen,&nbsp;Hua Duan","doi":"10.1016/j.fmre.2024.02.014","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fmre.2024.02.014","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Intrauterine adhesions (IUAs) pose challenges to natural fertility and impede timely conception. Assisted reproductive technologies (ART) offer effective solutions but are often expensive in developing nations. This study introduces an artificial intelligence (AI) application, MobilenetV3PH, featuring a proportional hazard (PH) neural network architecture to predict reproductive outcomes following hysteroscopic adhesiolysis in IUAs and to categorize subfertility risks. The present study leveraged 4922 second-look hysteroscopic images obtained from 555 patients post-hysteroscopic adhesiolysis, sourced from a prospective IUA clinical database (NCT05381376). The prospective cohort was randomly partitioned into training, validation, and test sets for model development, hyperparameter validation, and external validation. MobilenetV3PH achieved a noteworthy Area Under the Curve (AUC) of 0.920, outperforming alternative models significantly. The AI application seamlessly integrated into the hysteroscopic platform, demonstrating an average analysis time of 35.7 ± 5.6 s per patient. Notably, it excelled in predicting natural conception compared to conventional clinical scoring methods. The identification of high-risk IUAs patients who encounter difficulties in natural conception through AI-predicted subfertility risks revealed that these individuals might derive greater benefits from ART (HR = 4.616, <em>P</em> = 0.007) compared to their low-risk counterparts (HR = 0.628, <em>P</em> = 0.534). Overall, this AI tool exhibits promise for practical clinical applications, assisting in the prediction of postoperative difficulties in natural conception, patient risk stratification, and management strategies making, ultimately enhancing cost-effective interventions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34602,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental Research","volume":"6 4","pages":"Pages 2682-2691"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140278215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Label-free proteomics and single-cell mass cytometry analysis of 5 immune tissues from mice with artesunate administration reveal immunosuppression of artesunate via BST2 and MDSCs","authors":"Rongjian Hong,&nbsp;Aiting Wang,&nbsp;Yiyang Li,&nbsp;Xianting Ding","doi":"10.1016/j.fmre.2026.04.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fmre.2026.04.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Artesunate is a worldwide prevalent antimalarial medicine, which has also been demonstrated for anti-tumor, anti-virus and anti-autoimmune diseases. Yet the underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms remain largely unexplored. Here, we examined immunological features of 5 immune tissues (spleen, bone marrow, thymus, lymph nodes and peritoneal cavity) of mice with artesunate administration through label-free proteomics and high-dimensional single-cell mass cytometry (CyTOF). Label-free proteomics uncovered dramatic alterations for the interferon-I (IFN-I) induced proteins, especially BST2 and IFIT1 downregulation in spleen and bone marrow. CyTOF analysis further indicated that the percentage of MDSCs was significantly elevated in spleen and bone marrow. The follow-up <em>in vivo</em> LPS-induced inflammatory model confirmed that pretreatment with artesunate attenuated the inflammatory damage, and the expression of BST2 was decreased in the spleen of mice with artesunate administration. Together, our findings presented an immune landscape of multiple tissues of mice with artesunate administration. These datasets provide comprehensive biological resources to develop therapeutic strategies for inflammatory diseases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34602,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental Research","volume":"6 4","pages":"Pages 2124-2136"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148640634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Future mobile information networks: Fundamental theories, network architectures, key technologies, and key devices","authors":"Hao Yin,&nbsp;Xiaohu You,&nbsp;Yongming Huang,&nbsp;Wei Xu,&nbsp;Jiao Zhang,&nbsp;Zhengang Pan,&nbsp;Guangyi Liu,&nbsp;Kejun Wei,&nbsp;Gang Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.fmre.2025.12.033","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fmre.2025.12.033","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Against the backdrop of the commercialization of 5G-Advanced (5G-A) and the conceptualization of 6G, the Mobile Information Network (MINet)—a futuristic network paradigm centered on extreme connectivity and multi-dimensional integration—has emerged to transcend the limitations of traditional mobile networks, which focus solely on isolated communication services. MINet is designed to support the full lifecycle of information services, integrating communication with advanced computing, artificial intelligence (AI), and big data to achieve ubiquitous extreme connectivity and deliver integrated information services encompassing different elements. At its core, MINet’s competitive edge lies in the “One Extreme and Three Integrations” framework: this framework takes “ubiquitous extreme connectivity” as the foundational performance pillar and relies on three functional directions: “communication-sensing-computing-intelligence convergence,” “space-terrestrial integration,” and “digital-physical integration”. To operationalize this framework, DOICT (Data, Operation, Intelligence, Computing, and Telecommunication) convergence serves as a critical enabler: it underpins the design of MINet’s scalable core networks and edge intelligence systems, while supporting key technological innovations. This paper reviews the foundational theories, network architectures, key technologies, and devices driving the development of MINet, and also highlights critical challenges in MINet’s development, including design considerations, application requirements, sustainable and low-carbon. Ultimately, as MINet evolves from 5G-A to 6G, the synergy of its core paradigm (MINet), technical framework (“One Extreme and Three Integrations”), and enabling mechanism (DOICT convergence) will bridge the physical and digital worlds, fostering transformative applications in immersive experiences, industrial automation, and smart society.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34602,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental Research","volume":"6 4","pages":"Pages 2049-2059"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148640722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MyD88 self-assembles into supramolecular filaments to amplify NF-κB signaling","authors":"Jia Wang,&nbsp;Xincheng Zhong,&nbsp;Chenyi Liao,&nbsp;Yuchen Zhang,&nbsp;Siqi Shen,&nbsp;Ran Zhang,&nbsp;Guohui Li,&nbsp;Hang Yin","doi":"10.1016/j.fmre.2025.02.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fmre.2025.02.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>MyD88 is a central player in innate immunity. The molecular mechanism of MyD88 mutation-related diseases largely remains elusive. Here, we report that MyD88 self-assembles into high-order supramolecular structures as a signal amplification machinery. We show that the combination of the death domain (MyD88^DD) and the intermediate domain (MyD88^ID) is the minimum unit for the filament formation, which is modulated by the TIR domain (MyD88^TIR). The loss-of-function mutant L93P disrupts the filaments; the gain-of-function mutant L252P transforms the filaments into speckles. Atomic molecular dynamics simulations demonstrate that the L93P mutation induces conformational changes of MyD88^DD by disrupting its hydrophobic core. The L252P mutation causes the unfolding of an α-helix between residues 246–252 and more exposure of the BB-loop. These pathologically relevant mutations alter the MyD88 assembly structure and function, which may contribute to a variety of disease development processes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34602,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental Research","volume":"6 4","pages":"Pages 2319-2330"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147921508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"One stone kills two birds: Novel recycled fiber spinning engineering for one-step yarn reinforcement and clean dyeing","authors":"Zhen Li,&nbsp;Chenxi Zhu,&nbsp;Xinyang He,&nbsp;Zhilin Teng,&nbsp;Wendi Liu,&nbsp;Yue Zhang,&nbsp;Mingyuan Liu,&nbsp;Hongxia Zhang,&nbsp;Liming Wang,&nbsp;Xiaohong Qin","doi":"10.1016/j.fmre.2025.02.018","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fmre.2025.02.018","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Low recycling rates of textile waste and high dyeing energy consumption are two significant challenges for the textile industry in response to the call for Carbon Neutrality. In view of this, we propose a “one stone kills two birds” strategy by developing novel nanofiber composite spinning engineering for the simultaneous reinforcement and dyeing of recycled poor-fiber yarns. Adhesive beaded polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) nanofibers were introduced onto the recycled fiber surface to enhance fiber welding friction and modulate the fiber interfacial slippage effect at the carding stage. The coefficients of dynamic/static friction of the recycled fibers were enhanced by 133.33%/84.21%, while the strength of recycled yarns increased by 67.02%. Meanwhile, dye-loaded polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofibers were concurrently introduced into recycled yarns for one-step water-free coloring, with the average dyeing energy consumption of the yarn reduced by 93.20% and the dyeing cost decreased by 43.76%. Furthermore, general models for the reinforcement and clean dyeing of recycled yarns were proposed in this work. Colored recycled cotton fabrics were manufactured on spinning and fabricating lines, demonstrating that our composite spinning system eliminates the need for separate dye baths and harsh conditions and has considerable potential for scalable green waste cotton recycling engineering.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34602,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental Research","volume":"6 4","pages":"Pages 2483-2491"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147878534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}