Fundamental Research最新文献

{"title":"Terahertz photoneuromodulation of lateral orbitofrontal cortex neurons ameliorates stress-induced depression and cognitive impairment","authors":"Yuanyuan He ,&nbsp;Jing Ma ,&nbsp;Yun Yu ,&nbsp;Junkai Yin ,&nbsp;Ge Gao ,&nbsp;Yifang Yuan ,&nbsp;Hao Ruan ,&nbsp;Xueqing Yan ,&nbsp;Zihua Song ,&nbsp;Chao Chang","doi":"10.1016/j.fmre.2024.12.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fmre.2024.12.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Depression imposes a staggering global socioeconomic burden. Current pharmacotherapies face major limitations, including slow efficacy, adverse effects, and non-response rates of up to 55%, necessitating novel therapeutic modalities. This study introduces terahertz (THz) photoneuromodulation as an innovative physical intervention for depression, offering several advantages over conventional pharmacological or optogenetic approaches. Mild THz photoneuromodulation circumvents the need for exogenous agents or genetic modifications, mitigating potential risks while precisely modulating neurotransmitter levels and neuronal excitability to alleviate depression-like behaviors. In a chronic restraint stress (CRS) mouse model, THz photostimulation rapidly attenuated hyperactivity and increased serotonin levels by 107.5% ± 45.3% in lateral orbitofrontal cortex glutamatergic neurons (OFC^Glu) compared to those treated with antidepressants. This led to marked improvements in depressive-like behaviors and cognitive function. Furthermore, THz modulation of OFC activity recapitulated the effects of chemogenetic inhibition, underscoring the OFC's pivotal role in regulating depressive states. This research unveils THz photoneuromodulation as a promising, safe, rapid-acting, and durable neurotherapeutic strategy addressing persistent unmet needs in depression treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34602,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental Research","volume":"5 2","pages":"Pages 602-611"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143724084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fluidization expansion of novel generation dense medium and flow regime transition in gas-solid separation fluidized bed","authors":"Chenyang Zhou ,&nbsp;Yuemin Zhao ,&nbsp;Chengguo Liu ,&nbsp;Yanjiao Li ,&nbsp;Zhonglin Gao ,&nbsp;Xuchen Fan ,&nbsp;Tatiana Aleksandrova ,&nbsp;Chenlong Duan","doi":"10.1016/j.fmre.2023.02.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fmre.2023.02.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Gas-solid separation fluidized beds are important for coal cleaning through the removal of ash-forming impurities. Homogeneous fluidization is considered as an ideal separation method because it results in fewer pressure fluctuations and smaller bubbles. And Geldart C ultrafine powder could further intensify the fluidization stability of Geldart A particles. Thus, the present work provides a breakthrough in the density adjustment method in the gas-solid separation field, namely, combining Geldart A magnetite particles and Geldart C fine coal particles as a novel dense medium. The results showed that the addition of ultrafine coal effectively increased the overall expansion of the dense phase by the adhesion of the coal particles on the surfaces of the magnetite particles. To comprehensively understand the difference in the dense phase expansion ratio between the Geldart B/D and Geldart A particles, the flow regime was investigated to determine the transition point of homogeneous expansion using various dense media. The propagation velocities of the shock and continuity waves were analyzed using the theory of elastic systems. A quantitative criterion is proposed to identify the transition point. Based on the error analysis, the available data in the literature and the present work gave an overall in 5 × 10⁻⁵ error range compared to the prediction data. Overall, this research provides a comprehensive understanding of homogeneous fluidization characteristics using a novel dense medium and a reliable quantitative transition criterion of the flow regime for Geldart B/D and Geldart A particles in a gas-solid separation fluidized bed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34602,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental Research","volume":"5 2","pages":"Pages 756-766"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44904265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gallium oxide (Ga2O3) heterogeneous and heterojunction power devices","authors":"Bochang Li ,&nbsp;Yibo Wang ,&nbsp;Zhengdong Luo ,&nbsp;Wenhui Xu ,&nbsp;Hehe Gong ,&nbsp;Tiangui You ,&nbsp;Xin Ou ,&nbsp;Jiandong Ye ,&nbsp;Yue Hao ,&nbsp;Genquan Han","doi":"10.1016/j.fmre.2023.10.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fmre.2023.10.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Due to its high critical breakdown electrical field and the availability of large-scale single crystal substrates, Gallium oxide (Ga₂O₃) holds great promise for power electronic and radio frequency (RF) applications. While significant advancements have been made in Ga₂O₃ material and device research, there are still challenges related to its ultra-low thermal conductivity and the lack of effective p-type doping methods. These limitations hinder the fabrication of complex device structures and the enhancement of device performance. This review aims to provide an introduction to the research development of Ga₂O₃ heterogeneous and heterojunction power devices based on heterogeneous integration technology. By utilizing ion-cutting and wafer bonding techniques, heterogeneous substrates with high thermal conductivity have been realized, offering a viable solution to overcome the thermal limitations of Ga₂O₃. Compared to Ga₂O₃ bulk devices, Ga₂O₃ devices fabricated on heterogeneous substrates integrated with SiC or Si exhibit superior thermal properties. Power diodes and superjunction transistors based on p-NiO/n-Ga₂O₃ heterojunctions on heterogeneous substrates have demonstrated outstanding electrical characteristics, presenting a feasible method for the development of bipolar devices. The technologies of heterogeneous integration and heterojunction address critical issues related to Ga₂O₃, thereby advancing the commercial applications of Ga₂O₃ devices in power and RF fields. By integrating Ga₂O₃ with other materials and leveraging heterojunction interfaces, researchers and engineers have made significant progress in improving device performance and overcoming limitations. These advancements pave the way for the wider adoption of Ga₂O₃-based devices in various power and RF applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34602,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental Research","volume":"5 2","pages":"Pages 804-817"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135614135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent advances in endohedral metallofullerenes","authors":"Wenting Cai ,&nbsp;Mengmeng Zhang ,&nbsp;Luis Echegoyen ,&nbsp;Xing Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.fmre.2023.12.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fmre.2023.12.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fullerenes are a collection of closed polycyclic polymers consisting exclusively of carbon atoms. Recent remarkable advancements in the fabrication of metal-fullerene nanocatalysts and polymeric fullerene layers have significantly expanded the potential applications of fullerenes in various domains, including electrocatalysis, transistors, energy storage devices, and superconductors. Notably, the interior of fullerenes provides an optimal environment for stabilizing a diverse range of metal ions or clusters through electron transfer, resulting in the formation of a novel class of hybrid molecules referred to as endohedral metallofullerenes (EMFs). The utilization of advanced synthetic methodologies and the progress achieved in separation techniques have played a pivotal role in expanding the diversity of the encapsulated metal constituents, consequently leading to distinctive structural, electronic, and physicochemical properties of novel EMFs that surpass conventional ones. Intriguing phenomena, including regioselective dimerization between EMFs, direct metal-metal bonding, and non-classical cage preferences, have been unveiled, offering valuable insights into the coordination interactions between metallic species and carbon. Of particular importance, the recent achievements in the comprehensive characterization of EMFs based on transition metals and actinide metals have generated a particular interest in the exploration of new metal clusters possessing long-desired bonding features within the realm of coordination chemistry. These clusters exhibit a remarkable affinity for coordinating with non-metal atoms such as carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur, thus making them highly intriguing subjects of systematic investigations focusing on their electronic structures and physicochemical properties, ultimately leading to a deeper comprehension of their unparalleled bonding characteristics. Moreover, the versatility conferred by the encapsulated species endows EMFs with multifunctional properties, thereby unveiling potential applications in various fields including biomedicine, single-molecule magnets, and electronic devices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34602,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental Research","volume":"5 2","pages":"Pages 767-781"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139190720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Signal acquisition of brain–computer interfaces: A medical-engineering crossover perspective review","authors":"Yike Sun ,&nbsp;Xiaogang Chen ,&nbsp;Bingchuan Liu ,&nbsp;Liyan Liang ,&nbsp;Yijun Wang ,&nbsp;Shangkai Gao ,&nbsp;Xiaorong Gao","doi":"10.1016/j.fmre.2024.04.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fmre.2024.04.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Brain-computer interface (BCI) technology represents a burgeoning interdisciplinary domain that facilitates direct communication between individuals and external devices. The efficacy of BCI systems is largely contingent upon the progress in signal acquisition methodologies. This paper endeavors to provide an exhaustive synopsis of signal acquisition technologies within the realm of BCI by scrutinizing research publications from the last ten years. Our review synthesizes insights from both clinical and engineering viewpoints, delineating a comprehensive two-dimensional framework for understanding signal acquisition in BCIs. We delineate nine discrete categories of technologies, furnishing exemplars for each and delineating the salient challenges pertinent to these modalities. This review furnishes researchers and practitioners with a broad-spectrum comprehension of the signal acquisition landscape in BCI, and deliberates on the paramount issues presently confronting the field. Prospective enhancements in BCI signal acquisition should focus on harmonizing a multitude of disciplinary perspectives. Achieving equilibrium between signal fidelity, invasiveness, biocompatibility, and other pivotal considerations is imperative. By doing so, we can propel BCI technology forward, bolstering its effectiveness, safety, and dependability, thereby contributing to an auspicious future for human-technology integration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34602,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental Research","volume":"5 1","pages":"Pages 3-16"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140782790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cognitive reappraisal improves the social decision-making performance of suicide attempters","authors":"Tong Wang ,&nbsp;Xiaoya Liu ,&nbsp;Moxin Duan ,&nbsp;Bo Zhang ,&nbsp;Li An ,&nbsp;Shuang Liu ,&nbsp;Dong Ming","doi":"10.1016/j.fmre.2024.06.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fmre.2024.06.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A growing body of evidence suggests that emotion regulation (ER) plays a crucial role in the decision-making (DM) process of suicide attempters (SA). Cognitive reappraisal (CR), an emotion regulation strategy that reinterprets emotional situations to alter physiological and emotional responses, has been studied widely. Whereas, its effect on SA is yet to be explored. The present study attempted to use CR to modulate ER in SA to improve their DM performance, and explore the physiological mechanisms underlying this process. Scale scores under natural responses and after using the CR strategy, as well as behavioral and electroencephalographic (EEG) data from subjects were recorded during the classical DM task - ultimatum game (UG) paradigm. 52 patients with psychiatric disorders (including 26 SA and 26 non-suicide attempters) and 22 healthy controls (HC) performed in UG. Scale results showed that negative emotional experience scores decreased in all three groups after CR, but SA showed less improvement compared to HC. The behavioral results showed that acceptance of SA significantly increased after CR in both fair and unfair alternatives in the UG task, suggesting that CR can improve DM performance of SA. Besides, we extracted the late-positive potential (LPP) and theta-gamma coupling (TGC) of EEG for analysis. The LPP of SA was significantly higher when facing unfair alternatives than in fair ones, reflecting the fact that SA showed stronger negative emotions in the face of unfair situations. In addition, SA exhibited TGC diminished in frontotemporal regions when facing unfair allocation schemes, which demonstrated the existence of cognitive impairment in SA. This study verified the feasibility of CR for the moderation of DM ability in SA and provided new ideas for early intervention of suicidal behavior.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34602,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental Research","volume":"5 1","pages":"Pages 115-123"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141715310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Flat-band based high-temperature ferromagnetic semiconducting state in the graphitic C4N3 monolayer","authors":"Chaoyu He ,&nbsp;Yujie Liao ,&nbsp;Tao Ouyang ,&nbsp;Huimin Zhang ,&nbsp;Hongjun Xiang ,&nbsp;Jianxin Zhong","doi":"10.1016/j.fmre.2023.12.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fmre.2023.12.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Half-filled isolated flat-band paves a new way to realize high-temperature ferromagnetic semiconductor for spintronics applications, but it is extremely rare in lattice models and lacking in realistic materials. Herein, the 2 × 2 super-cell of the honeycomb lattice with a single-hole defect is proposed as a new lattice model (HL-D-1/8) to realize nontrivial isolated flat-bands. We further demonstrate that C₄N₃ monolayer of the experimentally realized graphitic carbon nitride (Adv. Mater., 22, 1004, 2010; Nat. Commun., 9, 3366, 2018) is a perfect system holding such a lattice to host flat-bands. A new corrugated Pca21 configuration is proposed as the ground state for the free-standing C₄N₃ monolayer, which is dynamically stable and energetically more favorable than the widely-used flat one without dynamical stability. The Pca21 configuration is found to be an intrinsic ferromagnetic half-semiconductor (<em>T</em>_c ≈ 241 K) with one semiconducting spin-channel (1.75 eV) and one insulating spin-channel (3.64 eV), which is quite rare in two-dimensional systems. Its ferromagnetic semiconducting property originates from the isolated <em>p_z</em>-state flat-band as the corrugation shifts the flat-band upward to the Fermi level. Interestingly, such a corrugated Pca21 C₄N₃ monolayer is found to be both piezoelectric and ferroelectric, which makes it an unusual metal-free two-dimensional multiferroic.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34602,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental Research","volume":"5 1","pages":"Pages 138-144"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139021437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multimodal technologies for neural modulation and sensing","authors":"Xing Sheng ,&nbsp;Yanan Sui ,&nbsp;Luming Li ,&nbsp;John A. Rogers","doi":"10.1016/j.fmre.2024.11.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fmre.2024.11.011","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":34602,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental Research","volume":"5 1","pages":"Pages 1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143176699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Accurate measurements of the bond dissociation energies of 14N2, 14N15N and 15N2","authors":"Liya Lu ,&nbsp;Pan Jiang ,&nbsp;Hong Gao","doi":"10.1016/j.fmre.2022.08.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fmre.2022.08.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accurate determinations of bond dissociation energies (BDEs) and the corresponding enthalpies of formation derived from them are of fundamental importance, while on the other hand also very challenging in chemistry. In this study, we demonstrate a direct experimental scheme for measuring the BDEs of ¹⁴N₂, ¹⁴N¹⁵N and ¹⁵N₂ to an accuracy of a few wavenumbers. The high-resolution quantum-state-selected velocity-mapped ion images for several rotational levels with accurately known spectroscopic term energies slightly above the dissociation limit N(²D_{5/2, 3/2}) + N(²D_{5/2, 3/2}) were obtained for each of the dinitrogen isotopologue molecules. A linear fit between squares of the radii of the quantum-state-selected images and the spectroscopic term energies gives out an accurate measurement of the threshold <em>D</em>₀ for dissociating into the channel N(²D_{5/2, 3/2}) + N(²D_{5/2, 3/2}). The BDEs of ⁴N₂, ¹⁴N¹⁵N and ¹⁵N₂ into the lowest channel N(⁴S) + N(⁴S) are independently determined to be 78,688 ± 3, 78,705 ± 4 and 78,728 ± 4 cm⁻¹, respectively. These independently determined BDEs are found to give a consistent value of <em>D</em>_e after considering the zero-point energies for each of the isotopologues, implying the reliability of the present measurement. Comparisons with several previous measurements and theoretical calculations are discussed. The experimental scheme demonstrated in this study should be generally applicable for precisely determining the BDEs of many other diatomic molecules.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34602,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental Research","volume":"5 1","pages":"Pages 151-157"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45851366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An overview of fake news detection: From a new perspective","authors":"Bo Hu,&nbsp;Zhendong Mao,&nbsp;Yongdong Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.fmre.2024.01.017","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fmre.2024.01.017","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the rapid development and popularization of Internet technology, the propagation and diffusion of information become much easier and faster. While making life more convenient, the Internet also promotes the wide spread of fake news, which will have a great negative impact on countries, societies, and individuals. Therefore, a lot of research efforts have been made to combat fake news. Fake news detection is typically a classification problem aiming at verifying the veracity of news contents, which may include texts, images and videos. This article provides a comprehensive survey of fake news detection. We first summarize three intrinsic characteristics of fake news by analyzing its entire diffusion process, namely intentional creation, heteromorphic transmission, and controversial reception. The first refers to why users publish fake news, the second denotes how fake news propagates and distributes, and the last means what viewpoints different users may hold for fake news. We then discuss existing fake news detection approaches according to these characteristics. Thus, this review will enable readers to better understand this field from a new perspective. We finally discuss the trends of technological advances in this field and also outline some potential directions for future research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34602,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental Research","volume":"5 1","pages":"Pages 332-346"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140464185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}