Fundamental Research最新文献_第9页

Why are extreme precipitation events becoming more frequent in a warming world? 为什么极端降水事件在全球变暖中变得越来越频繁？

IF 6.2 3区综合性期刊

Fundamental Research Pub Date : 2025-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2024.11.009

Wei Huang , Tingting Xie , Lingxin Huang , Shuo Hao , Yanwu Duan

引用次数: 0

Fauna-microbe diversity coupling lost in agricultural soils: Implications from the bacteria hidden in earthworm gut 农业土壤中动物-微生物多样性耦合的丧失：蚯蚓肠道中隐藏的细菌的启示

IF 6.2 3区综合性期刊

Fundamental Research Pub Date : 2025-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2023.03.002

Xin Gong , Sibo Shi , Xianping Li , Xiaoyun Chen , Jing Sun , Feng Hu , Manqiang Liu , Manuel Delgado-Baquerizo

{"title":"Fauna-microbe diversity coupling lost in agricultural soils: Implications from the bacteria hidden in earthworm gut","authors":"Xin Gong , Sibo Shi , Xianping Li , Xiaoyun Chen , Jing Sun , Feng Hu , Manqiang Liu , Manuel Delgado-Baquerizo","doi":"10.1016/j.fmre.2023.03.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fmre.2023.03.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Earthworms are critical for supporting soil health and microbial diversity and simultaneously maintaining a highly diverse gut microbiome. The earthworm is predominantly vulnerable to physical disturbance, yet how changes in earthworm diversity influence the richness and ecological network of soil-gut microbiomes in response to anthropogenic disturbance is virtually unknown. Here, we investigated the richness of earthworms, and their connection with the diversity of the soil-gut microbiome using a large-scale survey covering paired agricultural and natural sites. Our results showed that earthworm diversity was positively correlated with soil and gut bacterial diversity across sites. However, the connection between soil bacterial and earthworm diversity is lost in agricultural ecosystems. We further show that earthworm richness supported greater modularity in microbial networks, being both positively correlated with the richness of earthworm gut bacteria in both land-use types. Together, we provided the first empirical evidence that agricultural practices can break the fundamental links between soil bacterial and earthworm diversity, and further identify an unreported consistent connection between the diversity of earthworms and the modularity of microbial networks in natural and managed ecosystems. These findings emphasize the primary roles of earthworms in supporting soil biodiversity and point to the wider contributions of the soil animal-microbe interactions in preserving the whole soil biodiversity in anthropogenically disturbed ecosystems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34602,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental Research","volume":"5 4","pages":"Pages 1614-1621"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44926770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Improving small object detection via cross-layer attention 跨层注意改进小目标检测

IF 6.2 3区综合性期刊

Fundamental Research Pub Date : 2025-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2022.09.037

Ru Peng, Guoran Tan, Xingyu Chen, Xuguang Lan

{"title":"Improving small object detection via cross-layer attention","authors":"Ru Peng, Guoran Tan, Xingyu Chen, Xuguang Lan","doi":"10.1016/j.fmre.2022.09.037","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fmre.2022.09.037","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Small object detection is a fundamental and challenging topic in the computer vision community. To detect small objects in images, several methods rely on feature pyramid networks (FPN), which can alleviate the conflict between resolution and semantic information. However, the FPN-based methods also have limitations. First, existing methods only focus only on regions with close spatial distance, hindering the effectiveness of long-range interactions. Second, element-wise addition ignores the different perceptive fields of the two feature layers, thus causing higher-level features to introduce noise to the lower-level features. To address these problems, we propose a cross-layer attention (CLA) block as a generic block for capturing long-range dependencies and reducing noise from high-level features. Specifically, the CLA block performs feature fusion by factoring in both the channel and spatial dimensions, which provides a reliable way of fusing the features from different layers. Because CLA is a lightweight and general block, it can be plugged into most feature fusion frameworks. On the COCO 2017 dataset, we validated the CLA block by plugging it into several state-of-the-art FPN-based detectors. Experiments show that our approach achieves consistent improvements in both object detection and instance segmentation, which demonstrates the effectiveness of our approach.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34602,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental Research","volume":"5 4","pages":"Pages 1737-1742"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44768166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

SGPLane: Efficient lane detection via sampled grid points for autonomous driving SGPLane：通过采样网格点为自动驾驶提供高效车道检测

IF 6.2 3区综合性期刊

Fundamental Research Pub Date : 2025-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2023.11.013

Xuewei Tang, Mengmeng Yang, Kun Jiang, Tuopu Wen, Benny Wijaya, Diange Yang

{"title":"SGPLane: Efficient lane detection via sampled grid points for autonomous driving","authors":"Xuewei Tang, Mengmeng Yang, Kun Jiang, Tuopu Wen, Benny Wijaya, Diange Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.fmre.2023.11.013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fmre.2023.11.013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lane detection is one of the critical tasks for autonomous driving. Earlier works revolved around semantic segmentation and object detection with a special program for lanes. However, most methods still suffer from unstable post-processing algorithms which leads to a gap between camera input and downstream applications. In this paper, we propose a novel detection presentation form for lanes and design a simple network without any complicated post-process. Specifically, we use sampled gird points to express lane lines and construct a network for the special lane format, which is called SGPLane. Therefore, the network learns a regression branch and a confidence branch to realize end-to-end lane detection by setting the threshold confidence value. Our model is validated on the typical dataset and real-world driving scenes. Experiments on lane detection benchmarks show that our method outperforms previous methods with accuracy score of 96.84<span><math><mo>%</mo></math></span> on Tusimple dataset with high FPS and 76.85<span><math><mo>%</mo></math></span> on our real-world dataset.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34602,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental Research","volume":"5 4","pages":"Pages 1659-1667"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139194948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Inhibition of 53BP1-mediated DNA damage repair by a bacterial effector protein 细菌效应蛋白抑制53bp1介导的DNA损伤修复

IF 6.2 3区综合性期刊

Fundamental Research Pub Date : 2025-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2025.02.013

Kangning Tan , Jie Zhang , Zhangmeng Du , Jianjian Hu , Zhu Liu

引用次数: 0

Functions, mechanisms, and therapeutic implications of noncoding RNA in acute myeloid leukemia 非编码RNA在急性粒细胞白血病中的作用、机制及治疗意义

IF 6.2 3区综合性期刊

Fundamental Research Pub Date : 2025-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2023.04.012

Xiaokang Wang , Yong Tong , Tianrong Xun , Haixing Feng , Yuhe Lei , Yuanqing Li , Kit Hang Wu , Fang Qiu

{"title":"Functions, mechanisms, and therapeutic implications of noncoding RNA in acute myeloid leukemia","authors":"Xiaokang Wang , Yong Tong , Tianrong Xun , Haixing Feng , Yuhe Lei , Yuanqing Li , Kit Hang Wu , Fang Qiu","doi":"10.1016/j.fmre.2023.04.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fmre.2023.04.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is a malignant disease of myeloid hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells. Despite improved understanding of the pathogenesis of AML since the 1980s, the standard treatment for AML has remained virtually unchanged. Numerous studies have found poor survival rates and high relapse rates among older patients with AML. Several novel therapies for AML, including cytotoxic drugs, genetically- and epigenetically-targeted drugs, and immunotherapies, have been developed in recent years. Alternative treatments with improved efficacy are required for AML because many patients cannot tolerate the toxic effects of chemotherapy. Non-coding RNAs, including microRNAs (miRNAs), long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs), are attractive treatment targets for cancers and several other diseases. LncRNAs, miRNAs and circRNAs regulate DNA transcription and translation. Over the past decade, significant efforts have been made to develop RNA-based therapies, mainly antisense oligonucleotides and small interfering RNA, some of which have been approved for clinical use. Here we reviewed the mechanisms underlying the <em>in vitro</em> and <em>in vivo</em> effects of promising targets and potential drugs, focusing on the drugs most likely to be used for clinical treatment, to aid in the development of precision therapy for AML.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34602,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental Research","volume":"5 4","pages":"Pages 1781-1794"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45783458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Yttrium separation by phosphorylcarboxylic acid and the underlying tetrad effect along lanthanide unveiled from different microscopic interactions 磷酸基羧酸分离钇及不同微观相互作用下镧系元素的四面体效应

IF 6.2 3区综合性期刊

Fundamental Research Pub Date : 2025-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2023.01.004

Xuyi Zhang , Xun Zhang , Haifeng Zheng , Shengting Kuang , Xiaojuan Liu , Wuping Liao

{"title":"Yttrium separation by phosphorylcarboxylic acid and the underlying tetrad effect along lanthanide unveiled from different microscopic interactions","authors":"Xuyi Zhang , Xun Zhang , Haifeng Zheng , Shengting Kuang , Xiaojuan Liu , Wuping Liao","doi":"10.1016/j.fmre.2023.01.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fmre.2023.01.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Due to similar physical and chemical properties, separating and purifying rare earth elements is challenging. Considering the environmental issue, the design and synthesis of efficient and green extractants are significant for this purpose. To this end, the underlying complexation between rare earth and the extractant should be clarified, and the long-historically existing tetrad effect along with the lanthanide family from La to Lu due to the different 4f orbital occupations should be figured out. Thus, within this study, taking our newly experimentally synthesized extractant, phosphorylcarboxylic acid, as an example and utilizing accurate quantum mechanical calculation, we comprehensively investigated the complexation behavior between rare earth and the extractant via the quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM), Mayer bond order (MBO), molecular orbital (MO) energy level, natural bond orbital (NBO), charge decomposition analysis (CDA), electron localization function (ELF) and extended transition state-natural orbitals for chemical valence (ETS-NOCV). It has been found that yttrium can be separated from the lanthanide series by the phosphorylcarboxylic acid, attributed to the poor ability of Y<sup>3+</sup> to accept electrons and the weak orbital interactions compared to other rare earth cations. This paper also reveals the tetrad effect caused by the different occupations of 4f orbital electrons, providing a theoretical approach to comprehending the diverse extraction behaviors in the rare earth extraction process.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34602,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental Research","volume":"5 4","pages":"Pages 1495-1504"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42274851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

En route for molecular dynamics simulation of a living cell 活体细胞分子动力学模拟途中

IF 6.2 3区综合性期刊

Fundamental Research Pub Date : 2025-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2022.06.002

Yibo Wang , Cong Zhang , Ke Tang , Xiaohui Wang

引用次数: 0

Direct monitoring of reaction intermediates through in situ characterization to promote the selectivity of N-integrated electrocatalytic CO2 reduction 通过现场表征直接监测反应中间体，提高n集成电催化CO2还原的选择性

IF 6.2 3区综合性期刊

Fundamental Research Pub Date : 2025-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2023.03.019

Zhixuan Chen , Ying Wang

{"title":"Direct monitoring of reaction intermediates through in situ characterization to promote the selectivity of N-integrated electrocatalytic CO2 reduction","authors":"Zhixuan Chen , Ying Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.fmre.2023.03.019","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fmre.2023.03.019","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Energy-intensive chemical manufacturing is one of the largest contributors to global CO<sub>2</sub> emissions. With the vigorous development of renewable energy, the electrocatalytic CO<sub>2</sub> reduction reaction (CO<sub>2</sub>RR) has become a sustainable technology for recycling. To broaden the variety of products, the N-integrated electrocatalytic CO<sub>2</sub>RR (N<img>CO<sub>2</sub>RR) constructs a new element conversion pathway by introducing nitrogen upon CO<sub>2</sub>RR. However, the product selectivity of N<img>CO<sub>2</sub>RR is still very low, which seriously restricts its practical application. In recent years, an increasing amount of research has focused on upgrading the performance of N<img>CO<sub>2</sub>RR. Accurate understanding of its catalytic mechanism, that is, obtaining online information about reaction intermediates by in situ characterization techniques, can guide the optimization of electrocatalytic systems. Currently, this method makes great contributions in the field of electrocatalysis, including N<img>CO<sub>2</sub>RR mechanism research. This review briefly summarizes the research status and existing reaction intermediates of N<img>CO<sub>2</sub>RR and explains how the investigation of intermediates can improve electrocatalytic selectivity. Meanwhile, the application of in situ characterization techniques for analyzing different types of intermediates in N<img>CO<sub>2</sub>RR and its related fields are emphasized in this review. The significant value of these technologies in revealing electrocatalytic mechanisms can help improve electrocatalytic selectivity, allowing for future optimization of N<img>CO<sub>2</sub>RR.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34602,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental Research","volume":"5 4","pages":"Pages 1451-1463"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44619936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Stem cell-derived small extracellular vesicles containing miR-27b-3p attenuated osteoarthritis through inhibition of leukaemia inhibitory factor 含有miR-27b-3p的干细胞衍生的细胞外小泡通过抑制白血病抑制因子减轻骨关节炎

IF 6.2 3区综合性期刊

Fundamental Research Pub Date : 2025-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2023.02.005

Xiaoguang Zhang , Wei Chen , Shenghui Lan , Yuxiang Hu , Hongxin Pei , Zhili He , Zhipeng Dai , Yulong Wei , Zhenxing Wang , Qinyu Ma , Fenfei Zhao , Juan Wang , Zengwu Shao , Yong Liu , Shuhua Yang , Hongtao Tian , Wei Tong

{"title":"Stem cell-derived small extracellular vesicles containing miR-27b-3p attenuated osteoarthritis through inhibition of leukaemia inhibitory factor","authors":"Xiaoguang Zhang , Wei Chen , Shenghui Lan , Yuxiang Hu , Hongxin Pei , Zhili He , Zhipeng Dai , Yulong Wei , Zhenxing Wang , Qinyu Ma , Fenfei Zhao , Juan Wang , Zengwu Shao , Yong Liu , Shuhua Yang , Hongtao Tian , Wei Tong","doi":"10.1016/j.fmre.2023.02.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fmre.2023.02.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) have been demonstrated to be an effective Cell-Free Therapy in the treatment of OA, but the precise target cells and response mechanisms are not well characterised. In this study, first, we found that intra-articular injection of human umbilical cord MSC (UCMSC)-derived sEVs (U-sEVs) significantly alleviated mouse OA. Then, U-sEVs were taken up rapidly and preferentially by fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs) as well as cartilage superficial layer cells (SFCs) in a mouse model. Furthermore, significant increase in miR-27b-3p in those two cell types after U-sEV treatment was found by miRNA sequencing, identifying miR-27b-3p as a key cargo of U-sEVs. Bioinformatics and luciferase reporter found that leukaemia inhibitory factor (LIF) is the target gene of miR-27b-3p. Later, single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) and RNA-sequencing revealed that LIF could directly induce synovitis and cartilage erosion, possibly by promoting proinflammatory cytokine and MMPs expression. Based on this, miR-27b-3p-overexpressing U-sEVs inhibit the expression of LIF in both FLSs and SFCs, and accordingly exhibited stronger effects in mitigating synovitis, cartilage degeneration and OA progression compared to control U-sEVs. In conclusion, our results revealed that U-sEVs containing miR-27b-3p play a dominant role in relieving OA, largely by targeting LIF expression in FLSs and SFCs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34602,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental Research","volume":"5 4","pages":"Pages 1804-1821"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45786218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0