Fundamental Research最新文献_第10页

Enabling beam-scanning antenna technologies for terahertz wireless systems: A review 用于太赫兹无线系统的波束扫描天线技术综述

IF 6.2 3区综合性期刊

Fundamental Research Pub Date : 2025-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2024.10.003

Dongze Zheng , Geng-Bo Wu , Zhi Hao Jiang , Wei Hong , Chi Hou Chan , Ke Wu

{"title":"Enabling beam-scanning antenna technologies for terahertz wireless systems: A review","authors":"Dongze Zheng , Geng-Bo Wu , Zhi Hao Jiang , Wei Hong , Chi Hou Chan , Ke Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.fmre.2024.10.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fmre.2024.10.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Due to the exponentially growing global mobile data of wireless communications evolving from 5 G to 6 G in recent years, research activities of leveraging terahertz (THz) waves to obtain larger channel capacities have shown an ever-increasing pace and reached an unprecedented height than before. Historically, the past few decades have already witnessed much progress in THz generation and detection technologies, which have been recognized for a long time as the bottleneck preventing the THz waves from being tamed by human beings. However, the importance of developing advanced components such as antennas, transmission lines, filters, power amplimers, etc., which constitute the basic building blocks of a THz wireless system, should not be overlooked for the sake of exploiting the THz spectra for future advanced wireless communications, sensing and imaging applications. While producing a scannable highly-directive antenna beam proves to be indispensable in the period of microwaves, the significance of such functionality is more critical in the THz era, considering that THz waves have more intractable challenges such as the severity of free-space propagation losses, the susceptibility to atmospheric environments, and the unavailability of efficient signal sources. This article is structured under this background, which is dedicated to reviewing several enabling beam-scanning antenna concepts, structures, and architectures that have been developed for THz wireless systems. Specifically, we divide these THz beam-scanning solutions into four basic groups based on different mechanisms, i.e., mechanical motion, phased array, frequency beam-scanning, and reconfigurable metasurfaces.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34602,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental Research","volume":"5 2","pages":"Pages 556-570"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143724828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Terahertz wave targeting modulates the dedocking of neurotransmitters with receptors 太赫兹波靶向调节神经递质与受体的分离

IF 6.2 3区综合性期刊

Fundamental Research Pub Date : 2025-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2024.12.001

Zhongjie Zhu , Yu Wu , Jie Wang , Te Ji , Wenming Qin , Zhi Zhu , Hongwei Zhao

{"title":"Terahertz wave targeting modulates the dedocking of neurotransmitters with receptors","authors":"Zhongjie Zhu , Yu Wu , Jie Wang , Te Ji , Wenming Qin , Zhi Zhu , Hongwei Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.fmre.2024.12.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fmre.2024.12.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Neurotransmitters are essential in regulating the functions of the nervous, cardiovascular, endocrine, and various other tissue systems. Neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease, depression, and Alzheimer's disease involve the loss of catecholamine neurons. One of the main challenges is the accumulation of catecholamine (CA) metabolites. Reducing the metabolic aggregation toxicity of the transmitter molecules remains an open question. In this work, we proposed a novel physical method, terahertz-triggered dedocking, to unbind ligand molecules that accumulate around receptor proteins, potentially alleviating neurodegenerative diseases. We found that electromagnetic stimulation at 44.5 THz successfully dissociates the DA ligand from the binding sites at the receptor by breaking weak hydrogen bonds. Using molecular docking, we identified multiple binding sites for CA neurotransmitter molecules within the dopamine receptor D2 (DRD2). We also characterized the terahertz fingerprints and theoretical spectra of CAs across the 0.5 to 50 THz range, revealing their microscopic vibrational modes at characteristic peak positions and elucidating how specific vibrations influence molecular conformational changes. This finding highlights the potential of terahertz radiation in regulating the nervous system and provides new theoretical support for neural drug discovery and the intervention of neurological disorders.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34602,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental Research","volume":"5 2","pages":"Pages 586-592"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143724653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Advances in biomarkers and diagnostic significance of organ aging 器官衰老的生物标志物及其诊断意义研究进展

IF 6.2 3区综合性期刊

Fundamental Research Pub Date : 2025-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2023.03.009

Yulin Chen , Jiadong Li , Xinru Liu , Zhen Geng , Ke Xu , Jiacan Su

引用次数: 0

Confined iron-based nanomaterials for water decontamination: Fundamentals, applications, and challenges 用于水净化的密闭铁基纳米材料：基本原理、应用和挑战

IF 6.2 3区综合性期刊

Fundamental Research Pub Date : 2025-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2023.07.011

Wanyi Fu, Ziyao Liu, Zhichao Yang, Yuhang Li, Bingcai Pan

{"title":"Confined iron-based nanomaterials for water decontamination: Fundamentals, applications, and challenges","authors":"Wanyi Fu, Ziyao Liu, Zhichao Yang, Yuhang Li, Bingcai Pan","doi":"10.1016/j.fmre.2023.07.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fmre.2023.07.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nanotechnology-enabled water treatment is the most attractive approach to realizing advanced purification of contaminated waters that challenge the efficacy of traditional water treatment technologies. Confining nanomaterials inside porous scaffolds or substrates is one of the most effective strategies to push nano-enabled water treatment technologies forward from laboratory to field application. As flourishingly reported, confinement effects induce significantly improved decontamination efficiency, such as enhanced adsorption capacity, reaction kinetics, stability, and selectivity. In this review, first we provide an overview of the general fundamentals of nanoconfinement effects and their implications in environmental remediation. Next, we review confined Fe-based nanomaterials, such as different polymorphs of iron-oxides, oxyhydroxides, zero-valent iron, and single-atom iron as representative materials towards their applications in nanoconfinement systems for water decontamination. Finally, we propose future studies based on the missing scientific fundamentals regarding nanoconfinement effects and challenges for translating unique and promising nanoconfinement observations to engineering applications of confined nanomaterials-driven water treatment technologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34602,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental Research","volume":"5 2","pages":"Pages 612-623"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135614001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Technology outage risk and independent research and development investment decision in global supply chains 全球供应链中的技术中断风险与自主研发投资决策

IF 6.2 3区综合性期刊

Fundamental Research Pub Date : 2025-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2023.06.004

Xiaoxiao Chang, Guohao Sun, Junhe Zhou, Lindu Zhao

{"title":"Technology outage risk and independent research and development investment decision in global supply chains","authors":"Xiaoxiao Chang, Guohao Sun, Junhe Zhou, Lindu Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.fmre.2023.06.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fmre.2023.06.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Under the new global situation of the world pattern, the global industrial chain and supply chain are being reconstructed, and the safe and stable operation is facing a large number of risks and challenges. As the internal driving force of the reconstruction of the global supply chain, key core technologies have become an important part of world economic competition. This paper addresses the issue that what product manufacturer should do to prevent the risk of key core technology outage in the context of international competition. This paper first constructs a duopoly Hotelling model of two competitive products from two countries and the game models under different circumstances where enterprises in the core technology outage whether or not implement the independent research and development (IR&D). We establish four scenarios: non-IR&D benchmark before and after technology outage, IR&D before and after technology outage. Furthermore, outage risk is evaluated by comparing the impact of outage initiated by the government on the profit change of the initiator country firms and the firm in which supply is cut off. When the enterprises in technology outage implement IR&D, we compare the scale of profit changes of enterprises between the two countries and analyze the effectiveness of IR&D investment of enterprises in the country suffering from technology outage to cope with the technology outage risk. Our analysis indicates that: outage maybe make the country that initiates the core technology outage lose more profits and the core technology country’s profit change may be bigger than the country investing IR&D. Moreover, the enterprise’s IR&D investment can establish certain game space and rights for their country. When the country can reduce technological disadvantages, IR&D strategy, to some extent, can reduce the urgency due to the technology outage risk and weaken the absolute control from the rival country that initiates the technology outage.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34602,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental Research","volume":"5 2","pages":"Pages 464-472"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48438962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Supply chain resilience: Measure, risk assessment and strategies 供应链弹性:度量、风险评估和策略

IF 6.2 3区综合性期刊

Fundamental Research Pub Date : 2025-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2023.03.011

Cuihong Yang , Kailan Tian , Xiang Gao

引用次数: 0

Supply chain resilience enhancement strategies in the context of supply disruptions, demand surges, and time sensitivity 供应中断、需求激增和时间敏感性背景下的供应链弹性增强战略

IF 6.2 3区综合性期刊

Fundamental Research Pub Date : 2025-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2023.10.019

Xin Yan , Jian Li , Yanan Sun , Robert De Souza

{"title":"Supply chain resilience enhancement strategies in the context of supply disruptions, demand surges, and time sensitivity","authors":"Xin Yan , Jian Li , Yanan Sun , Robert De Souza","doi":"10.1016/j.fmre.2023.10.019","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fmre.2023.10.019","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Supply chain disruptions, including trade disputes, regional conflicts, and the COVID-19 pandemic, have highlighted the importance of supply chain resilience. This study focuses on investment decisions related to supply chain resilience, including considerations of supply disruptions, demand surges, and demand time sensitivity. The study uses a Stackelberg game model, with the retailer as the leader and the supplier as the follower, to analyze and compare optimal strategies for supply chain participants under different levels of risk. The results show that the severity of risk events impacts the optimal retail price, optimal wholesale price, supply chain recovery time, and expected profits for each participant. The investment in supply capacity enhancement not only expands the ability to meet demand but also encourages suppliers to expedite supply chain recovery, elevate demand fulfillment rates, and enhance the overall return on investment in supply chain resilience. As a result, the resilience of the entire supply chain is fortified. Similarly, it has been found that centralized decision-making leads to lower prices, shorter recovery times and greater supply chain resilience than decentralized decision-making. This study offers theoretical underpinning for corporations to effectively address risky occurrences, ensure supply security, enhance supply chain resilience, and imparts support for governments involved in humanitarian relief efforts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34602,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental Research","volume":"5 2","pages":"Pages 496-504"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139190000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Open science readiness index: Theory and simulations 开放科学准备指数：理论与模拟

IF 6.2 3区综合性期刊

Fundamental Research Pub Date : 2025-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2024.10.002

Wei Yang , Ruofei Chang , Xiaoling Kang , Chunjie Zhang , Jinxia Huang

{"title":"Open science readiness index: Theory and simulations","authors":"Wei Yang , Ruofei Chang , Xiaoling Kang , Chunjie Zhang , Jinxia Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.fmre.2024.10.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fmre.2024.10.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>An open science readiness index (abbreviated as OSRI) is proposed to quantify the progression of open science. The index is accumulated by three related but separately measured dimensions: the readiness for open access, open data and open policy, respectively. Each composition is characterized by proxies attainable from publicized data. The readiness for open access is measured by the volume and intensity of scholarly output under open access mode, vectorized by the weighted sum of volume and the percentage under international collaboration. The readiness for open data is characterized by the sharing and accessing scopes of data, weighted by the academics, information accessibility, and reliability of those data. The readiness for open policy is counted by the confidence of open policy pertinent for the hierarchical levels of needs. The evolution of OSRI is exemplified by nine selected countries/regions under the current framework. The dynamics of OSRI is captured by an ascending curve from zero to one, approximately delineated by a logistic presentation with two parameters: the launching year and the transition speed of open science.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34602,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental Research","volume":"5 2","pages":"Pages 902-910"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143724827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Terahertz channels in atmospheric conditions: Propagation characteristics and security performance 大气条件下的太赫兹信道：传播特性和安全性能

IF 6.2 3区综合性期刊

Fundamental Research Pub Date : 2025-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2024.09.012

Jianjun Ma , Yuheng Song , Mingxia Zhang , Guohao Liu , Weiming Li , John F. Federici , Daniel M. Mittleman

{"title":"Terahertz channels in atmospheric conditions: Propagation characteristics and security performance","authors":"Jianjun Ma , Yuheng Song , Mingxia Zhang , Guohao Liu , Weiming Li , John F. Federici , Daniel M. Mittleman","doi":"10.1016/j.fmre.2024.09.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fmre.2024.09.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the growing demand for higher wireless data rates, the interest in extending the carrier frequency of wireless links to the terahertz (THz) range has significantly increased. For long-distance outdoor wireless communications, THz channels may suffer substantial power loss and security issues due to atmospheric weather effects. It is crucial to assess the impact of weather on high-capacity data transmission to evaluate wireless system link budgets and performance accurately. In this article, we provide an insight into the propagation characteristics of THz channels under atmospheric conditions and the security aspects of THz communication systems in future applications. We conduct a comprehensive survey of our recent research and experimental findings on THz channel transmission and physical layer security, synthesizing and categorizing the state-of-the-art research in this domain. Our analysis encompasses various atmospheric phenomena, including molecular absorption, scattering effects, and turbulence, elucidating their intricate interactions with THz waves and the resultant implications for channel modeling and system design. Furthermore, we investigate the unique security challenges posed by THz communications, examining potential vulnerabilities and proposing novel countermeasures to enhance the resilience of these high-frequency systems against eavesdropping and other security threats. Finally, we discuss the challenges and limitations of such high-frequency wireless communications and provide insights into future research prospects for realizing the 6G vision, emphasizing the need for innovative solutions to overcome the atmospheric hurdles and security concerns in THz communications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34602,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental Research","volume":"5 2","pages":"Pages 526-555"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143724867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Plant-derived nanovesicles: Promising therapeutics and drug delivery nanoplatforms for brain disorders 植物提取的纳米颗粒：治疗脑部疾病的前景看好的疗法和给药纳米平台

IF 6.2 3区综合性期刊

Fundamental Research Pub Date : 2025-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2023.09.007

Ruoning Wang , Yingjie Zhang , Yumiao Guo , Wei Zeng , Jinge Li , Jie Wu , Nengjin Li , Anran Zhu , Jiale Li , Liuqing Di , Peng Cao

{"title":"Plant-derived nanovesicles: Promising therapeutics and drug delivery nanoplatforms for brain disorders","authors":"Ruoning Wang , Yingjie Zhang , Yumiao Guo , Wei Zeng , Jinge Li , Jie Wu , Nengjin Li , Anran Zhu , Jiale Li , Liuqing Di , Peng Cao","doi":"10.1016/j.fmre.2023.09.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fmre.2023.09.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Plant-derived nanovesicles (PDNVs), including plant extracellular vesicles (EVs) and plant exosome-like nanovesicles (ELNs), are natural nano-sized membranous vesicles containing bioactive molecules. PDNVs consist of a bilayer of lipids that can effectively encapsulate hydrophilic and lipophilic drugs, improving drug stability and solubility as well as providing increased bioavailability, reduced systemic toxicity, and enhanced target accumulation. Bioengineering strategies can also be exploited to modify the PDNVs to achieve precise targeting, controlled drug release, and massive production. Meanwhile, they are capable of crossing the blood-brain barrier (BBB) to transport the cargo to the lesion sites without harboring human pathogens, making them excellent therapeutic agents and drug delivery nanoplatform candidates for brain diseases. Herein, this article provides an initial exposition on the fundamental characteristics of PDNVs, including biogenesis, uptake process, isolation, purification, characterization methods, and source. Additionally, it sheds light on the investigation of PDNVs’ utilization in brain diseases while also presenting novel perspectives on the obstacles and clinical advancements associated with PDNVs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34602,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental Research","volume":"5 2","pages":"Pages 830-850"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138623279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0