Fundamental Research最新文献

{"title":"A multiscale perspective on cluster-based layered materials: Design and function optimization toward catalytic and energy storage applications","authors":"Binbin Qian ,&nbsp;Ke Xu ,&nbsp;Dantong Zhang ,&nbsp;Sridhar Komarneni ,&nbsp;Dongfeng Xue","doi":"10.1016/j.fmre.2023.12.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fmre.2023.12.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Layered materials have become one of the focuses in chemistry and materials science due to their unique structural characteristics and highly tunable properties. Clusters with mesoscale dynamic structures can be introduced into layered materials as structural units or guests, endowing cluster-based layered materials with enhanced or emerging new properties different from those of the individual components. This review starts with a summary of the design and assembly strategies of typical cluster-based layered materials from a multiscale perspective, and then introduces the multiscale characterization and simulation platform. Additionally, we discuss the recent progress in the catalytic and energy storage application of cluster-based layered materials and summarize the current challenges and future directions in this field.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34602,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental Research","volume":"5 4","pages":"Pages 1668-1682"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139394085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-scale variations and future projections of dry-wet conditions over the monsoon transitional zone in East Asia: A review","authors":"Wen Chen ,&nbsp;Jinling Piao ,&nbsp;Shangfeng Chen ,&nbsp;Lin Wang ,&nbsp;Wei Zhao ,&nbsp;Zhikai Wang ,&nbsp;Qiulin Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.fmre.2024.01.023","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fmre.2024.01.023","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The East Asian monsoon transitional zone (MTZ) is a northeast-southwest oriented belt between the wet monsoon areas and the northwestern dry areas of China with a fragile ecology and high climate sensitivity. The climate in the MTZ is characterized by strong instability and large variability, resulting in frequent occurrence of extreme weather and climate events. A number of studies have focused on the dry-wet characteristics from different perspectives, taking into account the increasing problems of water scarcity and ecological risks. This study reviews the multi-scale variations, underlying mechanisms and future projections of dry-wet conditions over the MTZ under global warming. The main findings over the last few decades are summarized as follows: 1) the interannual variability of summer precipitation is under the combined impacts of oceanic forcings and internal atmospheric teleconnection patterns at mid-high latitudes; 2) an interdecadal decrease in summer precipitation amount in the MTZ was observed in the late 1990s due to a Silk-Road pattern-like wave train triggered by the combined impacts of the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation-like SST warming over the North Atlantic and positive-to-negative phase shift of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO); 3) a pronounced drying trend has been observed during 1951–2005, which is mainly attributed to human activities and internal atmospheric variability, including increased aerosols, land-use changes, thermal forcing over the Tibetan Plateau, and the phase shift of the PDO; and 4) the summer precipitation in the MTZ is projected to increase under global warming with considerable uncertainties mainly due to internal atmospheric variability, including the Arctic Oscillation and the Polar-Eurasian pattern. This review attempts to provide a clear and systematic picture on the distinctive changing features of dry-wet conditions over the MTZ, and to attract the interest of the scientific community in climate change over this unique “transition” domain.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34602,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental Research","volume":"5 4","pages":"Pages 1597-1606"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140275111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lensless camera: Unraveling the breakthroughs and prospects","authors":"Shuowen Li ,&nbsp;Yunhui Gao ,&nbsp;Jiachen Wu ,&nbsp;Mingjie Wang ,&nbsp;Zhangcheng Huang ,&nbsp;Shumei Chen ,&nbsp;Liangcai Cao","doi":"10.1016/j.fmre.2024.03.019","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fmre.2024.03.019","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lensless imaging is an innovative and swiftly advancing technology at the intersection of optics, imaging technology, and computational science. It captures scene by directly recording the interference or diffraction patterns of light, subsequently utilizing algorithms to reconstruct the original image from these patterns. Lensless imaging transforms traditional imaging paradigms, offering newfound design flexibility and the capacity to seamlessly integrate within diverse imaging ecosystems. This paper aims to provide an overview of significant developments in optical modulation elements, image sensors, and reconstruction algorithms. The novel application scenarios that benefit from lensless computational imaging are presented. The opportunities and challenges associated with lensless camera are discussed for further improving its performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34602,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental Research","volume":"5 4","pages":"Pages 1725-1736"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140399661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The cause and consequence of robot adoption in China: Minimum wages and firms’ responses","authors":"Richard B. Freeman ,&nbsp;Xueyue Liu ,&nbsp;Zhikuo Liu ,&nbsp;Ran Song ,&nbsp;Ruixiang Xiong","doi":"10.1016/j.fmre.2022.07.016","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fmre.2022.07.016","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We study the cause and consequence of firms’ robot adoption in China using novel panel data related to robots imported by firms in China from 2001 to 2012, when more than 80% of China’s robots were imported. We find that the rising minimum wages affect firms’ robot adoption and the effect is more significant for routine-intensive, labor-intensive and large firms. Moreover, employing robots significantly increases firms’ productivity, labor employment, average wages, and market share. These findings suggest that productivity gains from automation are partially passed on to workers in the form of more employment and higher labor income.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34602,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental Research","volume":"5 4","pages":"Pages 1759-1770"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140467783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Targeted delivery of liposomal senolytics to alleviate cellular senescence-induced bone loss","authors":"Rong Li ,&nbsp;Yaohua Wei ,&nbsp;Changhao Xiong ,&nbsp;Jingwei Wang ,&nbsp;Yixuan Lin ,&nbsp;Ronghui Deng ,&nbsp;Hao Qin ,&nbsp;Yang Chen ,&nbsp;Nan Li ,&nbsp;Guyu Zheng ,&nbsp;Yuanyuan Lv ,&nbsp;Jian Shi ,&nbsp;Tingting Yu ,&nbsp;Yiye Li ,&nbsp;Jing Wang ,&nbsp;Ruifang Zhao ,&nbsp;Changsheng Liu ,&nbsp;Guangjun Nie","doi":"10.1016/j.fmre.2024.12.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fmre.2024.12.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The senescence of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells is involved in osteoporosis. The combination of dasatinib and quercetin has been explored to alleviate bone loss by efficiently reducing senescent cell populations. However, senolytic therapy by dasatinib and quercetin requires a precise ratio for better therapeutic effects, which is hard to achieve by oral administration. Meanwhile, the poor water solubility of these compounds limits their bioavailability, and their non-specific action could hamper effective penetration and targeting within relevant tissues. Herein, we developed alendronate-functionalized liposomes carrying dasatinib and quercetin (Aln-Lipo-DQ), focusing mainly on senescence-associated osteoporosis induced by chemotherapy or radiotherapy. Alendronate helps liposomes deliver dasatinib and quercetin to the femur and tibias, effectively removing senescent cells from bone tissue and increasing bone volume fraction from 5.05% to 11.95% in the chemotherapy-induced osteoporosis mouse model. We also found a 2.91-fold increase in bone volume fraction in Aln-Lipo-DQ treated groups compared to the control in radiotherapy models. This selectively targeting bone and reducing senescent cells holds great promise for cancer treatment-related and senescence-associated bone disorders.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34602,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental Research","volume":"5 4","pages":"Pages 1429-1439"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144713230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multinuclear metal-organic coordination structures containing metal-cluster nodes studied by scanning tunneling microscopy","authors":"Yansong Wang ,&nbsp;Xin Li ,&nbsp;Qianxi Yang ,&nbsp;Qian Shen ,&nbsp;Yang He ,&nbsp;Yajie Zhang ,&nbsp;Yongfeng Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.fmre.2023.09.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fmre.2023.09.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Embedding metal clusters in surface-supported metal-organic frameworks gives rise to multinuclear metal-organic coordination structures (MMOCs). The controllable configurations, exposed clusters, and multilevel interactions of MMOCs imply numerous potential applications, such as in catalysis, light-energy conversion, spintronics, and molecular electronics. Thus, the fabrication of MMOCs has been investigated extensively. According to the formation mechanism of metal clusters, we summarize five types of MMOCs. Attractive properties, e.g., magnetism, charge transfer and chirality, emerge in these systems. The surface-supported feature enables researchers to detect these properties via surface-sensitive techniques, such as scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, noncontact atomic force microscopy and local contact potential difference measurement. In addition, the results obtained from density functional theory calculations can be mutually verified with experiments. These studies pave the way for further applications of MMOCs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34602,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental Research","volume":"5 4","pages":"Pages 1524-1537"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135809632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Over-the-air federated learning: Status quo, open challenges, and future directions","authors":"Bingnan Xiao ,&nbsp;Xichen Yu ,&nbsp;Wei Ni ,&nbsp;Xin Wang ,&nbsp;H. Vincent Poor","doi":"10.1016/j.fmre.2024.01.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fmre.2024.01.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The development of applications based on artificial intelligence and implemented over wireless networks is increasingly rapidly and is expected to grow dramatically in the future. The resulting demand for the aggregation of large amounts of data has caused serious communication bottlenecks in wireless networks and particularly at the network edge. Over-the-air federated learning (OTA-FL), leveraging the superposition feature of multi-access channels, enables users at the network edge to share spectrum resources and achieves efficient and low-latency global model aggregation. This paper provides a holistic review of progress in OTA-FL and points to potential future research directions. Specifically, we classify OTA-FL from the perspective of system settings, including single-antenna OTA-FL, multi-antenna OTA-FL, and OTA-FL with the aid of the emerging reconfigurable intelligent surface technology, and the contributions of existing works in these areas are summarized. Moreover, we discuss the trust, security and privacy aspects of OTA-FL, and highlight concerns arising from security and privacy. Finally, challenges and potential research directions are discussed to promote the future development of OTA-FL in terms of improving system performance, reliability, and trustworthiness. Specifical challenges to be addressed include model distortion under channel fading, the ineffective OTA aggregation of local models trained on substantially unbalanced data, and the limited accessibility and verifiability of individual local models.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34602,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental Research","volume":"5 4","pages":"Pages 1710-1724"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144713236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantifying direct associations between variables","authors":"Minyuan Zhao ,&nbsp;Yun Chen ,&nbsp;Qin Liu ,&nbsp;Shengjun Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.fmre.2023.06.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fmre.2023.06.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Correctly quantifying the direct association between variables based on observed data is a valuable topic to study. On the one hand, many traditional methods can only measure the linear direct association. On the other hand, certain existing measures of direct association between two variables suffer an instability problem when a parent variable has a strong influence on both variables. To solve these issues, we propose a measure, namely the independent conditional mutual information (ICMI), to quantify the direct association between two variables in a three-variable network. Additionally, we use simulation data to numerically compare the stability and reliability of the ICMI with those of other measures of direct association under different conditions. The numerical results show that ICMI performs more stably in many cases than the known measures such as unique information, conditional mutual information, and partial correlation. The statistical power results show that ICMI is more reliable for different forms of function. We further use our measure to analyze a network consisting of family finance, social security, and the residence of senior citizens.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34602,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental Research","volume":"5 4","pages":"Pages 1538-1546"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48587120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lithium evolution in the low-mass evolved stars with asteroseismology and LAMOST spectroscopy","authors":"Hong-Liang Yan ,&nbsp;Jing-Hua Zhang ,&nbsp;Yu-Tao Zhou ,&nbsp;Qi Gao ,&nbsp;Jian-Rong Shi ,&nbsp;Yerra Bharat Kumar ,&nbsp;Wako Aoki ,&nbsp;Haining Li ,&nbsp;Chunqian Li ,&nbsp;Gang Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.fmre.2023.08.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fmre.2023.08.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lithium is an ancient element that was first produced by the Big Bang Nucleosynthesis (BBN) a few minutes after the birth of the Universe. Lithium is a sensitive tracer for a number of processes in a variety of astrophysical environments due to its multi-channels of production and fragility. These features also make lithium a complex element at the center of many unsolved problems. The behavior of lithium in the low-mass evolved stars is one such issue. It is known that such stars not only destroy but also produce lithium, while neither the destruction details nor the production mechanisms over different evolutionary phases are clear. In this paper, we summarize the recent results obtained from the studies combining large-scale spectroscopic surveys, asteroseismology, and traditional high-resolution spectroscopy. We present the detailed evolution behaviors from the red giant branch (RGB) to the red clump (RC) phase characterized by the core helium-burning in the stellar interior. We show the new signatures discovered from the recent studies for the lithium-enhanced giants and also discuss various observational and theoretical constraints on lithium production in red clump stars.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34602,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental Research","volume":"5 4","pages":"Pages 1547-1555"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135389603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Applications of magnetic nanoparticles for boundarics in biomedicine","authors":"Fang Yang ,&nbsp;Juan Li ,&nbsp;Tianxiang Chen ,&nbsp;Wenzhi Ren ,&nbsp;Changyong Gao ,&nbsp;Jie Lin ,&nbsp;Chen Xu ,&nbsp;Xuehua Ma ,&nbsp;Jie Xing ,&nbsp;Hongying Bao ,&nbsp;Bo Jiang ,&nbsp;Lingchao Xiang ,&nbsp;Aiguo Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.fmre.2024.12.017","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fmre.2024.12.017","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accurate mapping of boundarics in biomedicine is crucial for improving early diagnosis, crafting individualized medical regimens, and evaluating therapeutic efficacy. Magnetic nanomaterials have attracted considerable attention in the diagnosis and treatment of disease lesions, due to their unique physicochemical properties (e.g., magnetically responsive performance and superparamagnetism). In recent years, the application of magnetic nanoparticles in disease imaging has advanced rapidly, showing significant advantages in the detection of tumors and other major diseases. Leveraging their strong magnetic properties, magnetic nanoparticles not only enable high-precision real-time detection of lesions but also possess potential for long-term monitoring. In this article, key aspects of magnetic nanomaterials applied for boundarics in biomedicine are discussed, including controllable material preparation, material performance optimization, and lesion boundary imaging. Furthermore, the prevailing strategies for magnetic nanomaterials and their successful implementation in multimodal imaging techniques are summarized, with particular emphasis on their significance in defining the boundaries of tumors and other major diseases. Ultimately, the challenges that persist in boundarics in biomedicine and the corresponding approaches are presented, providing insights to advance boundary imaging techniques.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34602,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental Research","volume":"5 4","pages":"Pages 1401-1422"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144713404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}