Fundamental Research最新文献

{"title":"The photo-redox of chromium regulated by microplastics (MPs) and MPs-derived dissolved organic matter (MPs-DOM) and the CO2 emission of MPs-DOM","authors":"Enyao Zhang ,&nbsp;Yalan Chen ,&nbsp;Yang Li ,&nbsp;Ke Sun ,&nbsp;Yan Yang ,&nbsp;Bo Gao ,&nbsp;Baoshan Xing","doi":"10.1016/j.fmre.2022.08.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fmre.2022.08.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Microplastics (MPs) and chromium (Cr) are common pollutants in wastewater treatment plants, where ultraviolet disinfection processes may degrade MPs and photooxidize Cr(III) into more hazardous Cr(VI). In this study, the effects of MPs on the phototransformation of coexisting Cr, as well as the role and ecological effects of MPs-derived dissolved organic matter (MPs-DOM), were investigated. The photooxidation of MPs and Cr(III) was radical-driven reaction. The addition of MPs inhibited the photooxidation of Cr(III) and induced the photoreduction of Cr(VI) through surface adsorption. Both MPs and MPs-DOM generated comparable ROS at different irradiation moments, which can affect the photodegradation of MPs and MPs-DOM, as well as the phototransformation of Cr. The 56-day incubation showed a higher mineralization ratio of MPs-DOMs than riverine humic acid, indicating the vital contribution of MPs-DOMs to carbon emissions. In general, MPs-DOM lowered microbial abundance and diversity compared to the original inoculum. Bacterial and fungal succession was affected by both MPs-DOM and the original inoculum, with polyvinyl chloride-derived DOM possessing a stronger filtration impact on microbial communities than the other three MPs-DOMs. In this study, a win–win solution for Cr(VI) reduction and MPs treatment through photoirradiation was proposed, and the potential significant role of MPs-DOM in the transformation of coexisting contaminants, the carbon cycle, and microbial succession was highlighted.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34602,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental Research","volume":"4 6","pages":"Pages 1576-1585"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44266526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cortical plasticity differences in substance use disorders","authors":"Qing-Ming Liu ,&nbsp;Molly Lucas ,&nbsp;Faizan Badami ,&nbsp;Wei Wu ,&nbsp;Amit Etkin ,&nbsp;Ti-Fei Yuan","doi":"10.1016/j.fmre.2023.02.015","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fmre.2023.02.015","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Among substances, opiates and psychostimulants are responsible for the most significant public health problems, yet few studies have characterized their similarities or differences in the cortical plasticity of individuals with these substance related problems. This investigation utilized concurrent transcranial magnetic stimulation and electroencephalography (TMS-EEG) to examine cortical plasticity characteristics of individuals with heroin and methamphetamine related substance use disorder (SUD) relative to healthy controls. TMS-EEG data were collected from healthy control subjects (<em>N</em> = 35), subjects with heroin (<em>N</em> = 72) and methamphetamine (<em>N</em> = 69) use disorder. The data were analyzed using our fully-automated artifact rejection algorithm (ARTIST). Analyses were performed separately for F3, F4 and P3 stimulation sites. Linear mixed effects models were used to examine Group (heroin, methamphetamine, healthy control) x Time (pre, post single-session rTMS) interactions. To evaluate plasticity differences across groups, we observed the changes in single pulse TMS before and after single-session of rTMS. There was no change in alpha power after stimulation of the F3 or F4 sites across groups. The alpha power of the control group was significantly decreased when stimulating the P3 site, while there was no significant change in alpha power for either drug group during the same time window. The beta power of the healthy control group increased significantly when the F3 site was stimulated. In contrast, there was no significant change in either the methamphetamine or heroin group. Following a single-session of rTMS intervention, there was a significant difference in alpha-band power between the healthy control group and the two drug groups. Taking together, the study findings identified differential plasticity effects in the two types of SUD population, and highlighted the network effects of rTMS. The findings point to an exciting future path for using rTMS to test new plasticity-based interventions for treating drug addiction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34602,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental Research","volume":"4 6","pages":"Pages 1351-1356"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46045256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Peroxisome and pexophagy in neurological diseases","authors":"Weilin Xu ,&nbsp;Jun Yan ,&nbsp;Anwen Shao ,&nbsp;Cameron Lenahan ,&nbsp;Liansheng Gao ,&nbsp;Haijian Wu ,&nbsp;Jingwei Zheng ,&nbsp;Jianmin Zhang ,&nbsp;John H. Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.fmre.2023.04.016","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fmre.2023.04.016","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Peroxisomes and pexophagy have gained increasing attention in their role within the central nervous system (CNS) in recent years. In this review, we comprehensively discussed the physiological and pathological mechanisms of peroxisomes and pexophagy in neurological diseases. Peroxisomes communicate with mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, and lipid bodies. Their types, sizes, and shapes vary in different regions of the brain. Moreover, peroxisomes play an important role in oxidative homeostasis, lipid synthesis, and degradation in the CNS, whereas its dysfunction causes various neurological diseases. Therefore, selective removal of dysfunctional or superfluous peroxisomes (pexophagy) provides neuroprotective effects, which indicate a promising therapeutic target. However, pexophagy largely remains unexplored in neurological disorders. More studies are needed to explore the pexophagy's crosstalk mechanisms in neurological pathology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34602,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental Research","volume":"4 6","pages":"Pages 1389-1397"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48928316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Formation of reactive species via high power microwave induced DNA damage and promoted intrinsic pathway-mediated apoptosis in lung cancer cells: An in vitro investigation","authors":"Juie Nahushkumar Rana ,&nbsp;Sohail Mumtaz ,&nbsp;Ihn Han ,&nbsp;Eun Ha Choi","doi":"10.1016/j.fmre.2024.02.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fmre.2024.02.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lung cancer continues to be the second most common cancer diagnosed and the main cause of cancer-related death globally, which requires novel and effective treatment strategies. When considering treatment options, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remained a challenge, seeking new therapeutic strategies<strong>.</strong> High-power microwave (HPM) progressions have facilitated the advancement of new technologies as well as improvements to those already in use. The impact of HPM on NSCLC has not been investigated before. In this work, we uncovered the effect of pulsed HPM on NSCLC (H460 and A549) for the first time and the most likely underlying mechanisms. Two NSCLC (H460 and A549) cells and lung normal MRC5 were exposed to HPM (15, 30, 45, and 60) pulses (2.1 mJ/pulse). After exposure, the effects were observed at 12, 24, 48, and 72 h. HPM primarily increases the level of intracellular reactive species by a strong electric field of ∼27 kV/cm, which altered NSCLC viability, mitochondrial activity, and death rates. A model for the production of intracellular reactive species by HPM was also presented. NSCLC is found to be affected by HPM through DNA damage (upregulation of ATR/ATM, Chk1/Chk2, and P53) and increased expression of apoptotic markers. NAC scavenger and CPTIO-inhibitor confirm that the reactive species are mainly accountable for cellular effects. In order to ensure suitability for real-world usage, the skin depth was calculated as 30 mm. ROS played a main role in inducing cellular effects, with NO species possibly playing a contributing role. These findings clarify the cellular mechanisms underlying HPM-induced cell death, potentially advancing therapeutic approaches for treating NSCLC, and a useful first step for future investigations in this area. Moreover, this technique has the potential to serve as an adjunct to non-surgical methods in cancer therapy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34602,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental Research","volume":"4 6","pages":"Pages 1542-1556"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139873171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New technology and emerging theories driving progress in neuropsychiatric disorders","authors":"Zengliang Jin","doi":"10.1016/j.fmre.2024.09.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fmre.2024.09.008","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":34602,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental Research","volume":"4 6","pages":"Pages 1349-1350"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142744774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Peltier cell calorimetry “as an option” for commonplace cryostats: Application to the case of MnFe(P,Si,B) magnetocaloric materials","authors":"J.Y. Xu ,&nbsp;F. Guillou ,&nbsp;H. Yibole ,&nbsp;V. Hardy","doi":"10.1016/j.fmre.2022.09.020","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fmre.2022.09.020","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Peltier cell calorimetry is a powerful technique to record both the heat capacity and the latent heat, yet its availability is limited as it often requires homemade dedicated cryostats. Here, we describe the development of a Peltier cell differential scanning calorimeter facilitating the accessibility to the technique, since it is designed “as an option” for commonplace commercial cryostats equipped with high magnetic fields. This yields an apparatus well suited to detailed studies of magnetic transitions in general and of first-order magnetic transitions in particular. For magnetocaloric materials, our system can also be used to measure <em>directly</em> the isothermal entropy change Δ<em>S</em> induced by a magnetic field change; it even allows separating the cyclic (reversible) effect due to successive magnetization/demagnetization, which is the one relevant for applications, from the total magnetocaloric effect. To illustrate the versatility of this system, a thorough study of the ferromagnetic first-order transition of MnFe_0.95P_0.585Si_0.34B_0.075 is carried out. An exceptionally large cyclic entropy change at an intermediate field is observed in this compound, Δ<em>S</em>_cyclic = 13.2 J kg⁻¹ K⁻¹ for µ₀Δ<em>H</em> = 1 T. This confirms that MnFe(P,Si,B) shows one of the most promising giant magnetocaloric effects to be used in emergent green technologies such as magnetocaloric cooling, heating or thermomagnetic waste heat recovery.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34602,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental Research","volume":"4 6","pages":"Pages 1465-1473"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41995708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A high-efficiency transformer-in-package isolated DC-DC converter using glass-based fan-out wafer-level packaging","authors":"Lin Cheng ,&nbsp;Zuohuan Chen ,&nbsp;Daquan Yu ,&nbsp;Dongfang Pan","doi":"10.1016/j.fmre.2023.05.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fmre.2023.05.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A transformer-in-package (TiP) isolated direct current–direct current (DC-DC) converter using glass-based fan-out wafer-level packaging (FOWLP) is proposed. By using 3-layer redistribution layers (RDLs), both the transformer and interconnections are built without an additional transformer chip, and the converter only has 2 dies: a transmitter (TX) chip and a receiver (RX) chip. The proposed solution results in a significant reduction in the cost and makes major improvements in the form factor and power density. Moreover, the transformer built by the RDLs achieves a high quality factor (<em>Q</em>) and high coupling factor (<em>k</em>), and the efficiency of the converter is thus improved. The TX and RX chips were implemented in a 0.18 µm Biopolar CMOS DMOS (BCD) process and embedded in a compact package with a size of 5 mm × 5 mm. With an output capacitance of 10 µF, the converter achieves a peak efficiency of 46.5% at 0.3 W output power and a maximum delivery power of 1.25 W, achieving a maximum power density of 50 mW/mm².</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34602,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental Research","volume":"4 6","pages":"Pages 1407-1414"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42608848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ice sheet expansion in the Cretaceous greenhouse world","authors":"Tianyang Wang ,&nbsp;Songlin He ,&nbsp;Qinghai Zhang ,&nbsp;Lin Ding ,&nbsp;Alexander Farnsworth ,&nbsp;Fulong Cai ,&nbsp;Chao Wang ,&nbsp;Jing Xie ,&nbsp;Guobiao Li ,&nbsp;Jiani Sheng ,&nbsp;Yahui Yue","doi":"10.1016/j.fmre.2023.05.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fmre.2023.05.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Globally elevated temperatures during the Cretaceous extreme greenhouse climate interval were punctuated by the Valanginian cooling event, which was characterized by a positive carbon isotope excursion, global cooling, and a glacial event approximately at 135 Ma. Disentangling ocean temperature and continental ice volume trends enables us to better understand climate fluctuations over deep time. We investigated the ocean temperature–ice sheet dynamics of glaciation events that occurred in the Cretaceous greenhouse world. New clumped isotope and <em>δ</em>¹⁸O data from sites in the Tethyan Ocean show that seawater temperatures decreased by 5–6 °C, consistent with the development of glacial periods, and maximum ice volumes about half the size of present-day Antarctica. This cooling event provides a counter-example to other Mesozoic climate transitions driven by changes in atmospheric greenhouse gas contents. Our results emphasize the importance of quantitatively reconstructing continental ice volume, providing further support for exploring deep-time Earth climate dynamics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34602,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental Research","volume":"4 6","pages":"Pages 1586-1593"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43045779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Autophagy mediated tubulobulbar complex components degradation is required for spermiation","authors":"Liying Wang ,&nbsp;Ruidan Zhang ,&nbsp;Bingbing Wu ,&nbsp;Yang Yu ,&nbsp;Wei Li ,&nbsp;Shiguo Li ,&nbsp;Chao Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.fmre.2022.10.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fmre.2022.10.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Spermiation is the process that releases mature spermatids from Sertoli cells into the lumen of the seminiferous tubule. Tubulobulbar complexes (TBCs) are elaborate cytoskeleton-related structures that are indispensable for spermiation. Despite well-defined ultrastructural events, the molecular regulation of TBCs during spermiation remains largely unknown. Here, we show that autophagy is active in TBC regions, and impaired autophagy in Sertoli cells affects spermiation. Further studies demonstrated that many TBC components bound to LC3 and could be selectively degraded through the autophagy-lysosome pathway. Perturbed autophagy impaired the degradation of some TBC components in Sertoli cells, such as VCL and CTTN, and led to the accumulation of TBC components surrounding the spermatid head, which may be associated with the sperm-releasing defect. Together, our results reveal that autophagy is essential for the TBC components degradation in mouse Sertoli cells and define a functional role of autophagy during spermiation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34602,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental Research","volume":"4 6","pages":"Pages 1557-1567"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43470153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanism properties of a bird-neck bionic rigid-flexible structure","authors":"Xiuting Sun,&nbsp;Jian Xu,&nbsp;Zhifeng Qi","doi":"10.1016/j.fmre.2022.06.023","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fmre.2022.06.023","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>By the biological construction of a bird neck, a bionic bird-neck multilevel rigid-flexible structure is proposed and some biometric properties are explained. The proposed structure can flexibly deform in six directions, which inspires the study of its mechanical properties for flexible deformations. First, the structural configuration and composition are determined based on the study of the anatomical characteristics of the woodpeckers. Since the skeletons and muscles have very different values for the elasticity modulus and the deformation is mostly dependent on the muscle tension, the bionic structure consists of rigid units and bio-syncretic components. For combined deformations, the mechanical model is established by the connectivity matrix to describe the connection of each level. Second, based on the principle of minimum potential energy, an integral form-finding method is proposed for flexible combination deformations. All of the integral forms obtained with the theoretical analysis are compared with the results with Finite Element Analysis. The structural parameters of the bionic structure were then tightly fixed to the actual shape of the bird's neck and the corresponding overall form took on an \"S\" shape, which perfectly matched the construction of the bird's neck. In addition, for the pre-deformation form, by analyzing the potential energy of the bionic structure, due to the adjustable dynamic stiffness property, an explanation is provided for the significant dynamic stability of the bird neck in bending. This study not only proposes a bionic rigid-flexible structure with high spatial accessibility but also explains biological properties of a bird neck based on the study of its mechanics characteristics. Based on the modeling and the mechanical properties of the bionic structure in flexible spatial combination deformations, the multi-steady state, and the variable dynamic stiffness, the bird-neck bionic rigid-flexible structure has significant applications such as aeronautical deployable systems, manipulator positioning, and dynamic stability fields.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34602,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental Research","volume":"4 6","pages":"Pages 1613-1624"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46135193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}