Fundamental Research最新文献

{"title":"Flat-band based high-temperature ferromagnetic semiconducting state in the graphitic C4N3 monolayer","authors":"Chaoyu He ,&nbsp;Yujie Liao ,&nbsp;Tao Ouyang ,&nbsp;Huimin Zhang ,&nbsp;Hongjun Xiang ,&nbsp;Jianxin Zhong","doi":"10.1016/j.fmre.2023.12.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fmre.2023.12.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Half-filled isolated flat-band paves a new way to realize high-temperature ferromagnetic semiconductor for spintronics applications, but it is extremely rare in lattice models and lacking in realistic materials. Herein, the 2 × 2 super-cell of the honeycomb lattice with a single-hole defect is proposed as a new lattice model (HL-D-1/8) to realize nontrivial isolated flat-bands. We further demonstrate that C₄N₃ monolayer of the experimentally realized graphitic carbon nitride (Adv. Mater., 22, 1004, 2010; Nat. Commun., 9, 3366, 2018) is a perfect system holding such a lattice to host flat-bands. A new corrugated Pca21 configuration is proposed as the ground state for the free-standing C₄N₃ monolayer, which is dynamically stable and energetically more favorable than the widely-used flat one without dynamical stability. The Pca21 configuration is found to be an intrinsic ferromagnetic half-semiconductor (<em>T</em>_c ≈ 241 K) with one semiconducting spin-channel (1.75 eV) and one insulating spin-channel (3.64 eV), which is quite rare in two-dimensional systems. Its ferromagnetic semiconducting property originates from the isolated <em>p_z</em>-state flat-band as the corrugation shifts the flat-band upward to the Fermi level. Interestingly, such a corrugated Pca21 C₄N₃ monolayer is found to be both piezoelectric and ferroelectric, which makes it an unusual metal-free two-dimensional multiferroic.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34602,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental Research","volume":"5 1","pages":"Pages 138-144"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139021437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Signal acquisition of brain–computer interfaces: A medical-engineering crossover perspective review","authors":"Yike Sun ,&nbsp;Xiaogang Chen ,&nbsp;Bingchuan Liu ,&nbsp;Liyan Liang ,&nbsp;Yijun Wang ,&nbsp;Shangkai Gao ,&nbsp;Xiaorong Gao","doi":"10.1016/j.fmre.2024.04.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fmre.2024.04.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Brain-computer interface (BCI) technology represents a burgeoning interdisciplinary domain that facilitates direct communication between individuals and external devices. The efficacy of BCI systems is largely contingent upon the progress in signal acquisition methodologies. This paper endeavors to provide an exhaustive synopsis of signal acquisition technologies within the realm of BCI by scrutinizing research publications from the last ten years. Our review synthesizes insights from both clinical and engineering viewpoints, delineating a comprehensive two-dimensional framework for understanding signal acquisition in BCIs. We delineate nine discrete categories of technologies, furnishing exemplars for each and delineating the salient challenges pertinent to these modalities. This review furnishes researchers and practitioners with a broad-spectrum comprehension of the signal acquisition landscape in BCI, and deliberates on the paramount issues presently confronting the field. Prospective enhancements in BCI signal acquisition should focus on harmonizing a multitude of disciplinary perspectives. Achieving equilibrium between signal fidelity, invasiveness, biocompatibility, and other pivotal considerations is imperative. By doing so, we can propel BCI technology forward, bolstering its effectiveness, safety, and dependability, thereby contributing to an auspicious future for human-technology integration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34602,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental Research","volume":"5 1","pages":"Pages 3-16"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140782790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cognitive reappraisal improves the social decision-making performance of suicide attempters","authors":"Tong Wang ,&nbsp;Xiaoya Liu ,&nbsp;Moxin Duan ,&nbsp;Bo Zhang ,&nbsp;Li An ,&nbsp;Shuang Liu ,&nbsp;Dong Ming","doi":"10.1016/j.fmre.2024.06.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fmre.2024.06.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A growing body of evidence suggests that emotion regulation (ER) plays a crucial role in the decision-making (DM) process of suicide attempters (SA). Cognitive reappraisal (CR), an emotion regulation strategy that reinterprets emotional situations to alter physiological and emotional responses, has been studied widely. Whereas, its effect on SA is yet to be explored. The present study attempted to use CR to modulate ER in SA to improve their DM performance, and explore the physiological mechanisms underlying this process. Scale scores under natural responses and after using the CR strategy, as well as behavioral and electroencephalographic (EEG) data from subjects were recorded during the classical DM task - ultimatum game (UG) paradigm. 52 patients with psychiatric disorders (including 26 SA and 26 non-suicide attempters) and 22 healthy controls (HC) performed in UG. Scale results showed that negative emotional experience scores decreased in all three groups after CR, but SA showed less improvement compared to HC. The behavioral results showed that acceptance of SA significantly increased after CR in both fair and unfair alternatives in the UG task, suggesting that CR can improve DM performance of SA. Besides, we extracted the late-positive potential (LPP) and theta-gamma coupling (TGC) of EEG for analysis. The LPP of SA was significantly higher when facing unfair alternatives than in fair ones, reflecting the fact that SA showed stronger negative emotions in the face of unfair situations. In addition, SA exhibited TGC diminished in frontotemporal regions when facing unfair allocation schemes, which demonstrated the existence of cognitive impairment in SA. This study verified the feasibility of CR for the moderation of DM ability in SA and provided new ideas for early intervention of suicidal behavior.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34602,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental Research","volume":"5 1","pages":"Pages 115-123"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141715310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multimodal technologies for neural modulation and sensing","authors":"Xing Sheng ,&nbsp;Yanan Sui ,&nbsp;Luming Li ,&nbsp;John A. Rogers","doi":"10.1016/j.fmre.2024.11.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fmre.2024.11.011","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":34602,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental Research","volume":"5 1","pages":"Pages 1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143176699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Accurate measurements of the bond dissociation energies of 14N2, 14N15N and 15N2","authors":"Liya Lu ,&nbsp;Pan Jiang ,&nbsp;Hong Gao","doi":"10.1016/j.fmre.2022.08.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fmre.2022.08.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accurate determinations of bond dissociation energies (BDEs) and the corresponding enthalpies of formation derived from them are of fundamental importance, while on the other hand also very challenging in chemistry. In this study, we demonstrate a direct experimental scheme for measuring the BDEs of ¹⁴N₂, ¹⁴N¹⁵N and ¹⁵N₂ to an accuracy of a few wavenumbers. The high-resolution quantum-state-selected velocity-mapped ion images for several rotational levels with accurately known spectroscopic term energies slightly above the dissociation limit N(²D_{5/2, 3/2}) + N(²D_{5/2, 3/2}) were obtained for each of the dinitrogen isotopologue molecules. A linear fit between squares of the radii of the quantum-state-selected images and the spectroscopic term energies gives out an accurate measurement of the threshold <em>D</em>₀ for dissociating into the channel N(²D_{5/2, 3/2}) + N(²D_{5/2, 3/2}). The BDEs of ⁴N₂, ¹⁴N¹⁵N and ¹⁵N₂ into the lowest channel N(⁴S) + N(⁴S) are independently determined to be 78,688 ± 3, 78,705 ± 4 and 78,728 ± 4 cm⁻¹, respectively. These independently determined BDEs are found to give a consistent value of <em>D</em>_e after considering the zero-point energies for each of the isotopologues, implying the reliability of the present measurement. Comparisons with several previous measurements and theoretical calculations are discussed. The experimental scheme demonstrated in this study should be generally applicable for precisely determining the BDEs of many other diatomic molecules.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34602,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental Research","volume":"5 1","pages":"Pages 151-157"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45851366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An overview of fake news detection: From a new perspective","authors":"Bo Hu,&nbsp;Zhendong Mao,&nbsp;Yongdong Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.fmre.2024.01.017","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fmre.2024.01.017","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the rapid development and popularization of Internet technology, the propagation and diffusion of information become much easier and faster. While making life more convenient, the Internet also promotes the wide spread of fake news, which will have a great negative impact on countries, societies, and individuals. Therefore, a lot of research efforts have been made to combat fake news. Fake news detection is typically a classification problem aiming at verifying the veracity of news contents, which may include texts, images and videos. This article provides a comprehensive survey of fake news detection. We first summarize three intrinsic characteristics of fake news by analyzing its entire diffusion process, namely intentional creation, heteromorphic transmission, and controversial reception. The first refers to why users publish fake news, the second denotes how fake news propagates and distributes, and the last means what viewpoints different users may hold for fake news. We then discuss existing fake news detection approaches according to these characteristics. Thus, this review will enable readers to better understand this field from a new perspective. We finally discuss the trends of technological advances in this field and also outline some potential directions for future research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34602,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental Research","volume":"5 1","pages":"Pages 332-346"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140464185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A dynamic peripheral immune landscape during human pregnancy","authors":"Xiuxing Liu ,&nbsp;Lei Zhu ,&nbsp;Zhaohao Huang ,&nbsp;Zhaohuai Li ,&nbsp;Runping Duan ,&nbsp;He Li ,&nbsp;Lihui Xie ,&nbsp;Xiaozhen Chen ,&nbsp;Wen Ding ,&nbsp;Binyao Chen ,&nbsp;Yuehan Gao ,&nbsp;Juan Su ,&nbsp;Xianggui Wang ,&nbsp;Wenru Su","doi":"10.1016/j.fmre.2022.06.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fmre.2022.06.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Extensive immune adaptations occur during pregnancy to ensure successful delivery. However, these changes can increase the risk of disease in the mother. Here, we conducted single-cell RNA sequencing on peripheral blood mononuclear cells from pregnant women at different stages of pregnancy to elucidate the dynamic transcriptional changes in the maternal immune system. Gradual reduced cytotoxicity phenotype in highly variable cytotoxic T and natural killer cell types were observed during pregnancy. Reduced T- and B-cell response-related MHC-II and CD40 signaling as well as enhanced protolerance inducible costimulator and activin signaling may underlie the pregnancy-related weakening of adaptive immunity. Conversely, pro-inflammatory genes and pathways were upregulated in monocytes, possibly to compensate for the reduced T-cell response. Moreover, the transition from adaptive immune reduction to activation in late pregnancy in dendritic cells and CD4⁺ T cells was also detected. Notably, we proposed a novel view of the pro-aging effect of pregnancy from the perspective of immunity, and this effect may be restored postpartum. This work expands our knowledge of pregnancy immunity and may provide insights into the altered disease risks during pregnancy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34602,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental Research","volume":"5 1","pages":"Pages 391-406"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45855956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ozone exposure and cardiovascular disease: A narrative review of epidemiology evidence and underlying mechanisms","authors":"Qiaoyi Hua ,&nbsp;Xin Meng ,&nbsp;Jicheng Gong ,&nbsp;Xinghua Qiu ,&nbsp;Jing Shang ,&nbsp;Tao Xue ,&nbsp;Tong Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.fmre.2024.02.016","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fmre.2024.02.016","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ozone (O₃) poses a significant global public health concern as it exerts adverse effects on human cardiovascular health. Nevertheless, there remains a lack of comprehensive understanding regarding the relationships between O₃ exposure and the risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD), as well as the underlying biological mechanisms. To address this knowledge gap, this narrative review meticulously summarizes the existing epidemiological evidence, susceptibility, and potential underlying biological mechanisms linking O₃ exposure with CVD. An increasing body of epidemiological studies has demonstrated that O₃ exposure heightens the incidence and mortality of CVD, including specific subtypes such as ischemic heart disease, hypertension, and heart failure. Certain populations display heightened vulnerability to these effects, particularly children, the elderly, obese individuals, and those with pre-existing conditions. Proposed biological mechanisms suggest that O₃ exposure engenders respiratory and systemic inflammation, oxidative stress, disruption of autonomic nervous and neuroendocrine systems, as well as impairment of coagulation function, glucose, and lipid metabolism. Ultimately, these processes contribute to vascular dysfunction and the development of CVD. However, some studies have reported the absence of associations between O₃ and CVD, or even potentially protective effects of O₃. Inconsistencies among the literature may be attributed to inaccurate assessment of personal O₃ exposure levels in epidemiologic studies, as well as confounding effects stemming from co-pollutants and temperature. Consequently, our findings underscore the imperative for further research, including the development of reliable methodologies for assessing personal O₃ exposure, exploration of O₃ exposure's impact on cardiovascular health, and elucidation of its biological mechanisms. These endeavors will consolidate the causal relationship between O₃ and cardiovascular diseases, subsequently aiding efforts to mitigate the risks associated with O₃ exposure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34602,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental Research","volume":"5 1","pages":"Pages 249-263"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143174577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Profiles and natural drivers of antibiotic resistome in multiple environmental media in penguin-colonized area in Antarctica","authors":"Yongpeng Zhang ,&nbsp;Bo Zhang ,&nbsp;Imtiaz Ahmed ,&nbsp;Hanshu Zhang ,&nbsp;Yiliang He","doi":"10.1016/j.fmre.2022.11.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fmre.2022.11.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Profiles and driving mechanisms of antibiotic resistome in the polar region are important for exploring the natural evolution of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). Here, we evaluated the profiles of antibiotic resistome in multiple media on Inexpressible Island, Terra Nova Bay, Antarctica. Average concentrations of ARGs in intracellular DNA (iARGs) among water (3.98 × 10⁶ copies/L), soil (3.41 × 10⁷ copies/kg), and penguin guano (7.04 × 10⁷ copies/kg) were higher than those of ARGs in extracellular DNA (eARGs) among water (1.99 × 10⁴ copies/L), soil (1.75 × 10⁶ copies/kg), and penguin guano (8.02 × 10⁶ copies/kg). It was indicated that the transmission of ARGs across different media occurs with around 77.8% of iARGs from soil and 86.7% of iARGs from penguins observed in water, and 80.7% of iARGs and 56.7% of eARGs from penguins found in soil. Annual inputs of ARGs from Adélie penguins on Inexpressible Island have increased since 1983. Bacitracin, multidrug, and aminoglycoside resistance genes were the main ARGs among water, soil, and penguin guano. Primary medium-risk ARGs associated with human pathogenic bacteria were multidrug resistance genes, and main low-risk ARGs associated with mobile genetic elements (MGEs) were aminoglycoside resistance genes. Antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) from soil and penguins were more phylogenetically related to aquatic antibiotic-resistant mesophiles than aquatic antibiotic-resistant psychrophiles. MGEs, ARB, bacterial diversities, antibiotics, and metals could explain total ARGs between water and soil. Intracellular MGEs were the most significant in-situ driver of iARGs in water, reflecting that horizontal gene transfer could facilitate the spread of ARGs in water. Penguins were important ex-situ drivers of environmental antibiotic resistome, which was linked with risky ARGs between water and soil. These findings highlight the major roles of natural drivers (e.g., MGEs and penguins) in shaping environmental antibiotic resistome in polar areas, improving our understanding of the evolution of environmental microbiome.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34602,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental Research","volume":"5 1","pages":"Pages 269-281"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47034287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Out-of-phase relationship of Holocene moisture variations between the northeastern and southeastern Tibetan plateau and its societal impacts","authors":"Duo Wu,&nbsp;Minmin Ma,&nbsp;Yongxiu Lu,&nbsp;Shilong Guo,&nbsp;Tao Wang,&nbsp;Xuyi Ma,&nbsp;Guanghui Dong","doi":"10.1016/j.fmre.2023.02.014","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fmre.2023.02.014","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>It is widely accepted that Holocene climatic and environmental changes had major impacts on socioeconomic development and the evolution of civilization. The eastern margin of the Tibetan plateau (TP) has been an important passageway for south‒north migration of agricultural groups since the late Neolithic. Prehistoric farmers began to occupy the northeastern Tibetan plateau (NETP) and the area of modern Yunnan Province (YNP), on the southeastern margin of the TP, from ∼5200 BP and ∼4600 BP, respectively. This occupation was potentially closely linked to climatic and environmental changes; however, the spatiotemporal pattern of moisture variations between these two regions, and its possible impact on human settlement and the migration of farming communities along the eastern margin of the TP during the late Neolithic and Bronze Age, are unclear. In the present study, well-dated sedimentary records with unambiguous indicators of humidity variations from the NETP and YNP were integrated, along with radiocarbon dates from human and animal bones and the remains of crop plants from archaeological sites in this region. The results indicate a long-term, out-of-phase relationship of moisture variations between the NETP and YNP during the middle to late Holocene. A mid-late Holocene increase in humidity on the NETP facilitated the development of agropastoral societies during the period of ∼5200‒2200 BP. However, pronounced cooling from ∼5000 BP forced the southward dispersal of millet farming groups along the eastern margin of the TP during the fifth millennium BP. Decreasing moisture in YNP promoted the expansion of an open landscape, which affected the development of agriculture during the period of ∼4600‒2200 BP. Our results suggest that changes in moisture affected the development of prehistoric agriculture in the northeastern and southeastern marginal areas of the TP in different ways, implying that the development of prehistoric human society largely depended on the regional climatic conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34602,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental Research","volume":"5 1","pages":"Pages 241-248"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43215674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}