Fundamental Research最新文献

{"title":"The exactness of the ℓ1 penalty function for a class of mathematical programs with generalized complementarity constraints","authors":"Yukuan Hu ,&nbsp;Xin Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.fmre.2023.04.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fmre.2023.04.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In a mathematical program with generalized complementarity constraints (MPGCC), complementarity relation is imposed between each pair of variable blocks. MPGCC includes the traditional mathematical program with complementarity constraints (MPCC) as a special case. On account of the disjunctive feasible region, MPCC and MPGCC are generally difficult to handle. The <span><math><msub><mi>ℓ</mi><mn>1</mn></msub></math></span> penalty method, often adopted in computation, opens a way of circumventing the difficulty. Yet it remains unclear about the exactness of the <span><math><msub><mi>ℓ</mi><mn>1</mn></msub></math></span> penalty function, namely, whether there exists a sufficiently large penalty parameter so that the penalty problem shares the optimal solution set with the original one. In this paper, we consider a class of MPGCCs that are of multi-affine objective functions. This problem class finds applications in various fields, e.g., the multi-marginal optimal transport problems in many-body quantum physics and the pricing problems in network transportation. We first provide an instance from this class, the exactness of whose <span><math><msub><mi>ℓ</mi><mn>1</mn></msub></math></span> penalty function cannot be derived by existing tools. We then establish the exactness results under rather mild conditions. Our results cover those existing ones for MPCC and apply to multi-block contexts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34602,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental Research","volume":"4 6","pages":"Pages 1459-1464"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42409493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The photo-redox of chromium regulated by microplastics (MPs) and MPs-derived dissolved organic matter (MPs-DOM) and the CO2 emission of MPs-DOM","authors":"Enyao Zhang ,&nbsp;Yalan Chen ,&nbsp;Yang Li ,&nbsp;Ke Sun ,&nbsp;Yan Yang ,&nbsp;Bo Gao ,&nbsp;Baoshan Xing","doi":"10.1016/j.fmre.2022.08.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fmre.2022.08.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Microplastics (MPs) and chromium (Cr) are common pollutants in wastewater treatment plants, where ultraviolet disinfection processes may degrade MPs and photooxidize Cr(III) into more hazardous Cr(VI). In this study, the effects of MPs on the phototransformation of coexisting Cr, as well as the role and ecological effects of MPs-derived dissolved organic matter (MPs-DOM), were investigated. The photooxidation of MPs and Cr(III) was radical-driven reaction. The addition of MPs inhibited the photooxidation of Cr(III) and induced the photoreduction of Cr(VI) through surface adsorption. Both MPs and MPs-DOM generated comparable ROS at different irradiation moments, which can affect the photodegradation of MPs and MPs-DOM, as well as the phototransformation of Cr. The 56-day incubation showed a higher mineralization ratio of MPs-DOMs than riverine humic acid, indicating the vital contribution of MPs-DOMs to carbon emissions. In general, MPs-DOM lowered microbial abundance and diversity compared to the original inoculum. Bacterial and fungal succession was affected by both MPs-DOM and the original inoculum, with polyvinyl chloride-derived DOM possessing a stronger filtration impact on microbial communities than the other three MPs-DOMs. In this study, a win–win solution for Cr(VI) reduction and MPs treatment through photoirradiation was proposed, and the potential significant role of MPs-DOM in the transformation of coexisting contaminants, the carbon cycle, and microbial succession was highlighted.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34602,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental Research","volume":"4 6","pages":"Pages 1576-1585"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44266526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cortical plasticity differences in substance use disorders","authors":"Qing-Ming Liu ,&nbsp;Molly Lucas ,&nbsp;Faizan Badami ,&nbsp;Wei Wu ,&nbsp;Amit Etkin ,&nbsp;Ti-Fei Yuan","doi":"10.1016/j.fmre.2023.02.015","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fmre.2023.02.015","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Among substances, opiates and psychostimulants are responsible for the most significant public health problems, yet few studies have characterized their similarities or differences in the cortical plasticity of individuals with these substance related problems. This investigation utilized concurrent transcranial magnetic stimulation and electroencephalography (TMS-EEG) to examine cortical plasticity characteristics of individuals with heroin and methamphetamine related substance use disorder (SUD) relative to healthy controls. TMS-EEG data were collected from healthy control subjects (<em>N</em> = 35), subjects with heroin (<em>N</em> = 72) and methamphetamine (<em>N</em> = 69) use disorder. The data were analyzed using our fully-automated artifact rejection algorithm (ARTIST). Analyses were performed separately for F3, F4 and P3 stimulation sites. Linear mixed effects models were used to examine Group (heroin, methamphetamine, healthy control) x Time (pre, post single-session rTMS) interactions. To evaluate plasticity differences across groups, we observed the changes in single pulse TMS before and after single-session of rTMS. There was no change in alpha power after stimulation of the F3 or F4 sites across groups. The alpha power of the control group was significantly decreased when stimulating the P3 site, while there was no significant change in alpha power for either drug group during the same time window. The beta power of the healthy control group increased significantly when the F3 site was stimulated. In contrast, there was no significant change in either the methamphetamine or heroin group. Following a single-session of rTMS intervention, there was a significant difference in alpha-band power between the healthy control group and the two drug groups. Taking together, the study findings identified differential plasticity effects in the two types of SUD population, and highlighted the network effects of rTMS. The findings point to an exciting future path for using rTMS to test new plasticity-based interventions for treating drug addiction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34602,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental Research","volume":"4 6","pages":"Pages 1351-1356"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46045256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Peroxisome and pexophagy in neurological diseases","authors":"Weilin Xu ,&nbsp;Jun Yan ,&nbsp;Anwen Shao ,&nbsp;Cameron Lenahan ,&nbsp;Liansheng Gao ,&nbsp;Haijian Wu ,&nbsp;Jingwei Zheng ,&nbsp;Jianmin Zhang ,&nbsp;John H. Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.fmre.2023.04.016","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fmre.2023.04.016","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Peroxisomes and pexophagy have gained increasing attention in their role within the central nervous system (CNS) in recent years. In this review, we comprehensively discussed the physiological and pathological mechanisms of peroxisomes and pexophagy in neurological diseases. Peroxisomes communicate with mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, and lipid bodies. Their types, sizes, and shapes vary in different regions of the brain. Moreover, peroxisomes play an important role in oxidative homeostasis, lipid synthesis, and degradation in the CNS, whereas its dysfunction causes various neurological diseases. Therefore, selective removal of dysfunctional or superfluous peroxisomes (pexophagy) provides neuroprotective effects, which indicate a promising therapeutic target. However, pexophagy largely remains unexplored in neurological disorders. More studies are needed to explore the pexophagy's crosstalk mechanisms in neurological pathology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34602,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental Research","volume":"4 6","pages":"Pages 1389-1397"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48928316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Formation of reactive species via high power microwave induced DNA damage and promoted intrinsic pathway-mediated apoptosis in lung cancer cells: An in vitro investigation","authors":"Juie Nahushkumar Rana ,&nbsp;Sohail Mumtaz ,&nbsp;Ihn Han ,&nbsp;Eun Ha Choi","doi":"10.1016/j.fmre.2024.02.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fmre.2024.02.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lung cancer continues to be the second most common cancer diagnosed and the main cause of cancer-related death globally, which requires novel and effective treatment strategies. When considering treatment options, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remained a challenge, seeking new therapeutic strategies<strong>.</strong> High-power microwave (HPM) progressions have facilitated the advancement of new technologies as well as improvements to those already in use. The impact of HPM on NSCLC has not been investigated before. In this work, we uncovered the effect of pulsed HPM on NSCLC (H460 and A549) for the first time and the most likely underlying mechanisms. Two NSCLC (H460 and A549) cells and lung normal MRC5 were exposed to HPM (15, 30, 45, and 60) pulses (2.1 mJ/pulse). After exposure, the effects were observed at 12, 24, 48, and 72 h. HPM primarily increases the level of intracellular reactive species by a strong electric field of ∼27 kV/cm, which altered NSCLC viability, mitochondrial activity, and death rates. A model for the production of intracellular reactive species by HPM was also presented. NSCLC is found to be affected by HPM through DNA damage (upregulation of ATR/ATM, Chk1/Chk2, and P53) and increased expression of apoptotic markers. NAC scavenger and CPTIO-inhibitor confirm that the reactive species are mainly accountable for cellular effects. In order to ensure suitability for real-world usage, the skin depth was calculated as 30 mm. ROS played a main role in inducing cellular effects, with NO species possibly playing a contributing role. These findings clarify the cellular mechanisms underlying HPM-induced cell death, potentially advancing therapeutic approaches for treating NSCLC, and a useful first step for future investigations in this area. Moreover, this technique has the potential to serve as an adjunct to non-surgical methods in cancer therapy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34602,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental Research","volume":"4 6","pages":"Pages 1542-1556"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139873171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New technology and emerging theories driving progress in neuropsychiatric disorders","authors":"Zengliang Jin","doi":"10.1016/j.fmre.2024.09.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fmre.2024.09.008","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":34602,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental Research","volume":"4 6","pages":"Pages 1349-1350"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142744774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Solute-solvent dual engineering toward versatile electrolyte for high-voltage aqueous zinc-based energy storage devices","authors":"Mengke Peng ,&nbsp;Longbin Li ,&nbsp;Li Wang ,&nbsp;Xiannong Tang ,&nbsp;Kang Xiao ,&nbsp;Xuejiao J. Gao ,&nbsp;Ting Hu ,&nbsp;Kai Yuan ,&nbsp;Yiwang Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.fmre.2023.02.018","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fmre.2023.02.018","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Manufacturing cost-effective electrolytes featuring high (electro)chemical stability, high Zn anode reversibility, good ionic conductivity, and environmental benignity is highly desired for rechargeable aqueous zinc-based energy storage devices but remains a great challenge. Herein, a solute-solvent dual engineering strategy using lithium bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonimide (LiTFSI) and inexpensive poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG, <em>M</em>_n = 200) as a coadditive with an optimized ratio accomplished an all-round performance enhancement of electrolytes. Due to the synergistic inhibition of water activity and Zn²⁺ solvation structure reorganization by LiTFSI-PEG, as well as a stable F-rich interfacial layer and PEG adsorption on the Zn anode surface, dendrite-free Zn plating/stripping at nearly 100% Coulombic efficiency and stable cycling performance over 2000 h at 0.5 mA cm⁻² was achieved. Importantly, the integrated Zn-ion hybrid supercapacitors are endowed with a wide voltage window of 0–2.2 V, superb cycling stability up to 10,000 cycles, and excellent temperature adaptability from -40 °C to 50 °C. The highest cutoff voltage reached 2.1 V in Zn//LiMn₂O₄ and Zn//VOPO₄ full cells with a stable lifespan over 500 cycles. This work provides a promising strategy for the development of aqueous electrolytes with excellent comprehensive properties for zinc-based energy storage.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34602,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental Research","volume":"4 6","pages":"Pages 1488-1497"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41436918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prediction of novel tetravalent metal pentazolate salts with anharmonic effect","authors":"Jianan Yuan ,&nbsp;Ding Chi ,&nbsp;Beatriz H. Cogollo-Olivo ,&nbsp;Yunlong Wang ,&nbsp;Kang Xia ,&nbsp;Jian Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.fmre.2022.10.017","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fmre.2022.10.017","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In recent decades, pentazolate salts have gained considerable attention as high energy density materials (HEDMs). Using the machine-learning accelerated structure searching method, we predicted four pentazolate salts stabilized with tetravalent metals (Ti-N and Zr-N). Specifically, the ground state MN<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mn>20</mn></msub></math></span> (M = Ti, Zr) adopts the space-group <em>P</em>4/<em>mcc</em> under ambient conditions, transforming into the <em>I</em>-4 phase at higher pressure. Moreover, the <em>I</em>-4-MN<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mn>20</mn></msub></math></span> becomes energetically stable at moderate pressure (46.8 GPa for TiN<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mn>20</mn></msub></math></span>, 38.7 GPa for ZrN<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mn>20</mn></msub></math></span>). Anharmonic phonon spectrum calculations demonstrate the dynamic stabilities of these MN<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mn>20</mn></msub></math></span> phases. Among them, the <em>P</em>4/<em>mcc</em> phase can be quenched to 0 GPa. Further ab-initio molecular dynamic simulations suggest that the N<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mn>5</mn></msub></math></span> rings within these MN<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mn>20</mn></msub></math></span> systems can still maintain integrity at finite temperatures. Calculations of the projected crystal orbital Hamilton population and reduced density gradient revealed their covalent and noncovalent interactions, respectively. The aromaticity of the N<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mn>5</mn></msub></math></span> ring was investigated by molecular orbital theory. Finally, we predicted that these MN<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mn>20</mn></msub></math></span> compounds have very high energy densities and exhibit good detonation velocities and pressures, compared to the HMX explosive. These calculations enrich the family of pentazolate compounds and may also guide future experiments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34602,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental Research","volume":"4 6","pages":"Pages 1474-1479"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41489080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Digitalized analog integrated circuits","authors":"Zhangming Zhu,&nbsp;Shubin Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.fmre.2023.01.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fmre.2023.01.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Digital integrated circuits have significantly benefited from technology scaling down, while conventional analog integrated circuits suffer from more design constraints. In recent years, there has been strong research interest in replacing conventional analog blocks with digitally-friendly and digitally-intensive alternatives, while significant progress has been made. This paper reviews the existing digitalized analog integrated circuits, including amplifiers, analog-to-digital converters, phase-locked loops, and power supplies. Based on the review, the future development trends of the digitalized analog integrated circuits are derived.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34602,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental Research","volume":"4 6","pages":"Pages 1415-1430"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42233060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Peltier cell calorimetry “as an option” for commonplace cryostats: Application to the case of MnFe(P,Si,B) magnetocaloric materials","authors":"J.Y. Xu ,&nbsp;F. Guillou ,&nbsp;H. Yibole ,&nbsp;V. Hardy","doi":"10.1016/j.fmre.2022.09.020","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fmre.2022.09.020","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Peltier cell calorimetry is a powerful technique to record both the heat capacity and the latent heat, yet its availability is limited as it often requires homemade dedicated cryostats. Here, we describe the development of a Peltier cell differential scanning calorimeter facilitating the accessibility to the technique, since it is designed “as an option” for commonplace commercial cryostats equipped with high magnetic fields. This yields an apparatus well suited to detailed studies of magnetic transitions in general and of first-order magnetic transitions in particular. For magnetocaloric materials, our system can also be used to measure <em>directly</em> the isothermal entropy change Δ<em>S</em> induced by a magnetic field change; it even allows separating the cyclic (reversible) effect due to successive magnetization/demagnetization, which is the one relevant for applications, from the total magnetocaloric effect. To illustrate the versatility of this system, a thorough study of the ferromagnetic first-order transition of MnFe_0.95P_0.585Si_0.34B_0.075 is carried out. An exceptionally large cyclic entropy change at an intermediate field is observed in this compound, Δ<em>S</em>_cyclic = 13.2 J kg⁻¹ K⁻¹ for µ₀Δ<em>H</em> = 1 T. This confirms that MnFe(P,Si,B) shows one of the most promising giant magnetocaloric effects to be used in emergent green technologies such as magnetocaloric cooling, heating or thermomagnetic waste heat recovery.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34602,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental Research","volume":"4 6","pages":"Pages 1465-1473"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41995708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}