Fundamental Research最新文献

The dividend period of climate change–related mortality in China is coming to an end 中国气候变化相关死亡率的红利期即将结束

IF 6.3 3区综合性期刊

Fundamental Research Pub Date : 2026-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2025.01.007

Zhaobin Sun, Ling Han, Ziming Li, Xuemei Wang, Tianjun Zhou, Yinglin Liang, Jianxiong Hu, Shilu Tong, Xingqin An, Huizheng Che, Qiyong Liu, Tian Qin, Jun Yang

{"title":"The dividend period of climate change–related mortality in China is coming to an end","authors":"Zhaobin Sun, Ling Han, Ziming Li, Xuemei Wang, Tianjun Zhou, Yinglin Liang, Jianxiong Hu, Shilu Tong, Xingqin An, Huizheng Che, Qiyong Liu, Tian Qin, Jun Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.fmre.2025.01.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fmre.2025.01.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Health risks posed by temperature have aroused concern among scientists and the public. Previous studies have consistently projected a downward trend in the cold-related health burden and an upward trend in the heat-related burden under climate change. However, the temporal trend of the net effect of temperature and the existence of a descent phase for adaptation remain unclear. Here, we propose a new concept, the dividend period of climate change–related mortality, defined as the period when the net health effect of temperature exhibits a downward trend. We project a region-specific dividend period in China under climate change and adaptability scenarios. The results indicate that human adaptability substantially influences the temperature–mortality association and that the dividend period varies markedly by region and urbanization. After considering adaptability and population changes, the dividend period in the central and western regions has either ended or is coming to an end under most scenarios and will end before the 2050s in the northeastern region. In contrast, the dividend period in the eastern region will extend to the end of the 21st century but will soon end under certain scenarios. Our findings highlight the urgent need for more effective climate change mitigation and adaptation actions, particularly in regions at the end of the dividend period in the near future.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34602,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental Research","volume":"6 5","pages":"Pages 3086-3094"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149056050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Molecular bioindicators for assessing environmental impacts of emerging contaminants 评估新出现污染物环境影响的分子生物指标

IF 6.3 3区综合性期刊

Fundamental Research Pub Date : 2026-09-01 Epub Date: 2026-03-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2026.03.011

Han-Lin Cui, Yi-Jun Ren, Ke Shi, Li-Ying Zhang, Yan-Qing Zhang, Shu-Hao Du, Shu-Hong Gao, Ai-Jie Wang, Bin Liang

{"title":"Molecular bioindicators for assessing environmental impacts of emerging contaminants","authors":"Han-Lin Cui, Yi-Jun Ren, Ke Shi, Li-Ying Zhang, Yan-Qing Zhang, Shu-Hao Du, Shu-Hong Gao, Ai-Jie Wang, Bin Liang","doi":"10.1016/j.fmre.2026.03.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fmre.2026.03.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Emerging contaminants (ECs) exert subtle yet persistent pressures on environmental systems, often escaping detection by traditional chemical or ecological monitoring. Molecular bioindicators, i.e., genes, enzymes, or pathways whose presence, abundance, or expression reflects contaminant exposure or biological stress, offer a mechanistic basis to trace pollutant fate and functional disruption. These include degradation and transformation genes reflecting detoxification potential, resistance and adaptation genes such as antimicrobial resistance determinants, and toxicity-response genes indicating metabolic or physiological stress across microbial and higher organisms. Although numerous functional genes and pathways associated with ECs have been identified and increasingly explored in environmental studies, their interpretation as molecular bioindicators remains fragmented, with limited standardization in bioindicator selection, sensitivity evaluation, and cross-system validation. This review synthesizes current methodologies for molecular bioindicator discovery, spanning culture-dependent functional assays, strain-level genomics, and community-scale omics integration, and highlights how combining mechanistic verification with data-driven approaches can enhance interpretability and transferability. To facilitate consistent validation and reuse, we further propose a structured, community-curated database linking contaminants, molecular bioindicator types, ecological contexts, and evidence tiers. By linking molecular responses to contaminant stress with measurable ecological outcomes, molecular bioindicators can offer a mechanistically grounded basis for interpreting EC impacts and support more integrative and evidence-based environmental risk assessment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34602,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental Research","volume":"6 5","pages":"Pages 3188-3199"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149056057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Photochemistry and haze in chemically reducing terrestrial atmospheres 化学还原地球大气中的光化学和雾霾

IF 6.3 3区综合性期刊

Fundamental Research Pub Date : 2026-09-01 Epub Date: 2026-04-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2026.04.008

Lixiang Gu, Siteng Fan

引用次数: 0

Train operational state estimation: Technologies, challenges, and future directions 列车运行状态评估：技术、挑战和未来方向

IF 6.3 3区综合性期刊

Fundamental Research Pub Date : 2026-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2025.07.012

Tao Wen, Jincheng Wang, Ling Liu, Baigen Cai, Clive Roberts

{"title":"Train operational state estimation: Technologies, challenges, and future directions","authors":"Tao Wen, Jincheng Wang, Ling Liu, Baigen Cai, Clive Roberts","doi":"10.1016/j.fmre.2025.07.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fmre.2025.07.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As the demand for intelligent transportation systems grows, train operations are becoming increasingly complex, making state estimation critical for improving railway safety and operational efficiency. Existing state estimation methods face significant challenges, particularly in addressing complex dynamic environments and multi-train formation scenarios. This paper provides a comprehensive review of advancements in train state estimation, focusing on the application of Kalman filters while exploring nonlinear non-Gaussian filters, multi-sensor fusion, deep learning, and other advanced algorithms. Research is categorized into classical model-based methods, data-driven approaches, and hybrid models, summarizing key contributions. Challenges related to real-time performance, robustness, and accuracy, particularly in nonlinear systems, non-Gaussian environments, communication delays, and data loss, are discussed. Future research directions are proposed, emphasizing the need to improve estimation accuracy, address nonlinear dynamics, ensure robustness, enhance inter-train information sharing, mitigate delays and packet loss, and reduce real-time computational burdens.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34602,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental Research","volume":"6 5","pages":"Pages 3172-3187"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149056439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Evaluating the economic and social impact of coal mine phaseout in China 评估中国煤矿淘汰的经济和社会影响

IF 6.3 3区综合性期刊

Fundamental Research Pub Date : 2026-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2025.09.001

Bin Zhang, Niu Niu, Qingyao Xin, Yang Lu, Heran Zheng, Zhaohua Wang

{"title":"Evaluating the economic and social impact of coal mine phaseout in China","authors":"Bin Zhang, Niu Niu, Qingyao Xin, Yang Lu, Heran Zheng, Zhaohua Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.fmre.2025.09.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fmre.2025.09.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Systematic and widespread coal mine phaseouts are a crucial step in facilitating the transition from coal dependence in China. However, regional disparities in economic reliance on coal and environmental impacts exacerbate the uneven social costs of phaseouts. A fair and effective trajectory for coal mine phaseouts is needed, but remains unclear. This study develops an interdisciplinary framework, incorporating a coal mine-level inventory, to assess the economic costs, health benefits, and regional disparities of two phaseout strategies: the Efficiency Priority Strategy (EPS) and the Equitable Reduction Strategy (ERS). The EPS focuses on phasing out inefficient and heavily polluting coal mines, while the ERS distributes capacity reductions more evenly across all coal mines. The findings reveal a significant imbalance in the distribution of costs and benefits, particularly in core coal-producing regions, which are often economically underdeveloped. These regions bear a disproportionately high share of stranded asset costs while receiving comparatively lower health benefits. Under the ERS, stranded asset costs in core coal-producing regions rise by 25.8%, increasing their share of national costs from 67.9% to 92.1%. Meanwhile, health benefits dropped by 12.7%, reducing their national share from 10.6% to 9.8%. This study provides valuable insights for China and other coal-dependent nations to develop more equitable coal mine phaseout policies, striking a balance between economic costs and health benefits within carbon budget constraints.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34602,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental Research","volume":"6 5","pages":"Pages 3330-3339"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149056443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Hydrogen peroxide on Mars and icy moons: Implications for the search for extraterrestrial signatures of prebiotic chemistry 火星和冰冻卫星上的过氧化氢：对寻找外星生命前化学特征的启示

IF 6.3 3区综合性期刊

Fundamental Research Pub Date : 2026-09-01 Epub Date: 2026-07-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2026.07.007

Mang Lin, Ruiqin Yi, Albert C. Fahrenbach, Henderson James Cleaves II, Yi-Gang Xu

{"title":"Hydrogen peroxide on Mars and icy moons: Implications for the search for extraterrestrial signatures of prebiotic chemistry","authors":"Mang Lin, Ruiqin Yi, Albert C. Fahrenbach, Henderson James Cleaves II, Yi-Gang Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.fmre.2026.07.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fmre.2026.07.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hydrogen peroxide (H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>) is increasingly recognized as an important molecule in prebiotic chemistry that potentially had a large impact on life’s early evolution. We highlight recent examples of H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> in prebiotic syntheses that model potential protometabolic reactions. Recent discoveries have revealed multiple abiotic production mechanisms for H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>, suggesting its prevalence in prebiotic and extraterrestrial environments, an idea that is supported by the detection of H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> in the Martian atmosphere and on the surfaces of icy moons. Given that Earth’s active geological processes have erased records of the earliest prebiotic chemical processes, we hypothesize that extraterrestrial environments that produce H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> such as Mars and icy moons may still have similar types of chemistry occurring, and the discovery of such reactions by advanced space missions would offer invaluable insights into prebiotic chemistry. To test our hypothesis, experimental and theoretical studies aimed at modeling prebiotic chemistry in these H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>-producing environments are required. We propose the general principle of “Where There is Water, There is H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>” as an astrobiology guideline that supplements and refines the traditional “Follow the Water” approach used to plan space missions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34602,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental Research","volume":"6 5","pages":"Pages 2776-2780"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149056448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

ENSO-induced precipitation seasonality in the Chinese loess plateau during 1767–2050 CE 1767-2050年中国黄土高原enso降水季节特征

IF 6.3 3区综合性期刊

Fundamental Research Pub Date : 2026-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2025.04.010

Liang Yi, Liangcheng Tan

{"title":"ENSO-induced precipitation seasonality in the Chinese loess plateau during 1767–2050 CE","authors":"Liang Yi, Liangcheng Tan","doi":"10.1016/j.fmre.2025.04.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fmre.2025.04.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Climate change has not only altered the total amount of rainfall but also significantly impacted its seasonal distribution. This alteration is particularly critical in monsoonal regions, where the availability and timing of water resources are essential for agricultural activities and ecological sustainability. However, the understanding of precipitation seasonality was largely constrained by the limitations of observational data. In this study, we present a reconstruction of seasonal precipitation patterns derived from the magnetic properties of a stalagmite collected from the Chinese Loess Plateau, which serves as a proxy for precipitation seasonality from 1767 to CE 2006. Our results indicate that magnetic-based precipitation seasonality exhibits significant fluctuations characterized by quasiperiodic oscillations with periodicities of 2–7 and 14 years. We find an upward trend in precipitation seasonality since the 1980s, suggesting that North China may be entering a new phase of increased rainfall seasonality, and by applying a convolutional-neural-network forecasting model, this upward trend could be expected to extend till CE 2050. We then observe a strong correlation between changes in this seasonality proxy and El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) conditions, inferring that El Niño events amplify precipitation seasonality in North China on decadal timescales over the past three centuries and sustaining at least to CE 2050. Therefore, our reconstruction demonstrates the importance of considering ENSO forcing when assessing precipitation seasonality and, in turn, provides alternative ways to document ENSO variability in the past.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34602,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental Research","volume":"6 5","pages":"Pages 3104-3113"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149056460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Evaluating plasticity of rejuvenated metallic glasses by effective enthalpy 用有效焓评价回火金属玻璃的塑性

IF 6.3 3区综合性期刊

Fundamental Research Pub Date : 2026-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-03-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2025.03.008

Cheng Yang, Hong-Bo Zhou, Jun Duan, Song-Lin Cai, Gan Ding, Bing-Bing Zhang, Cai-Juan Shi, Lan-Hong Dai, Gerhard Wilde, Min-Qiang Jiang

{"title":"Evaluating plasticity of rejuvenated metallic glasses by effective enthalpy","authors":"Cheng Yang, Hong-Bo Zhou, Jun Duan, Song-Lin Cai, Gan Ding, Bing-Bing Zhang, Cai-Juan Shi, Lan-Hong Dai, Gerhard Wilde, Min-Qiang Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.fmre.2025.03.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fmre.2025.03.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Structural rejuvenation is a promising strategy to enhance the plasticity of metallic glasses, but quantitatively evaluating the rejuvenation-deformation relationship is challenging. In this work, we systematically investigate the compressive plasticity of a typical Zr-based metallic glass which is rejuvenated by elastostatic compression or cycled twists. Meanwhile, the thermodynamics and structural properties are carefully characterized for these rejuvenated glasses. An obvious gap in the plastic strain <em>ε</em><sub>p</sub> is observed between two sets of the rejuvenated glasses, although they have very close exothermic enthalpy ∆<em>H</em><sub>exo</sub> before glass transition. This plasticity gap is also reflected by the different modes of shear banding: straight for the elastostatic compression but deflected for the cycled twists. We use the concept of effective enthalpy Δ<em>H</em><sub>eff</sub> and find a linear relationship between Δ<em>H</em><sub>eff</sub> and <em>ε</em><sub>p</sub> for all rejuvenated glasses. This implies that the plastic deformability of glasses is determined not only by the existing free volume evaluated by ∆<em>H</em><sub>exo</sub> but also by the creating free volume required to enter the supercooled liquid state, as evaluated by the endothermic glass transition overshoot. Synchrotron high-energy X-ray diffraction reveals that the larger <em>ε</em><sub>p</sub> in glasses with higher Δ<em>H</em><sub>eff</sub> arises from the enhanced structural heterogeneity caused by the decoupling of medium-range orders.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34602,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental Research","volume":"6 5","pages":"Pages 2848-2855"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149056521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Recent progresses on artificial graphene quantum dots 人工石墨烯量子点研究进展

IF 6.3 3区综合性期刊

Fundamental Research Pub Date : 2026-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2025.03.020

Xiaofeng Zhou, Lin He

引用次数: 0

Breaking hydrogen bond network enhances oxygenic photosynthesis of photosystem II 破坏氢键网络增强光系统II的含氧光合作用

IF 6.3 3区综合性期刊

Fundamental Research Pub Date : 2026-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-03-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2025.03.011

Hui Wang, Hengwei Zhang, Jihang Zhai, Yingya Liu, Bo Song, Xiao He, Yifan Ge, Di Li

{"title":"Breaking hydrogen bond network enhances oxygenic photosynthesis of photosystem II","authors":"Hui Wang, Hengwei Zhang, Jihang Zhai, Yingya Liu, Bo Song, Xiao He, Yifan Ge, Di Li","doi":"10.1016/j.fmre.2025.03.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fmre.2025.03.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Protein hydration water plays a crucial role in maintaining protein structures and functions, yet it remains challenging to manipulate. In this study, we use photosystem II (PS II), a protein complex consisting of 25 membrane proteins, as a model to explore the regulation of protein functions by modifying the hydration water structure. Within PS II, two water molecules are transported from the bulk solution through water channels into the oxygen-evolving center (OEC), where they are oxidized into oxygen. However, the role of water—both in hydrating PS II proteins and in transporting water through channels to the OEC—has often been overlooked. By studying the effects of different ions, including structure-making ions (Na<sup>+</sup>) and breaking ions (K<sup>+</sup>), on photosynthesis performance, we revealed distinctive different catalytic effects induced by these ions. Molecular dynamics simulations and Terahertz spectroscopy demonstrated that K<sup>+</sup> disrupts the hydrogen-bond network of hydration water, thereby facilitating water transportation to the O1 channel near the OEC, which in turn boosts oxygen evolution. In contrast, Na<sup>+</sup> did not exhibit the same effect. These findings underscore the essential role of K<sup>+</sup> in plant photosynthesis and reveal previously unrecognized mechanisms by which ions influence protein function through hydration water structure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34602,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental Research","volume":"6 5","pages":"Pages 2959-2966"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147886931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0