Fundamental Research最新文献

{"title":"Selective oxidation by TS-1 coupled with in-situ synthesised H2O2","authors":"Dong Lin ,&nbsp;Richard J. Lewis ,&nbsp;Xiang Feng ,&nbsp;Graham J. Hutchings","doi":"10.1016/j.fmre.2024.03.023","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fmre.2024.03.023","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Feedstock valorisation with preformed H₂O₂ in conjunction with titanosilicate zeotypes is particularly attractive due to the increased selectivity, lower operating temperatures and improved process efficiency (particularly lower energy usage and enhanced atom economy) compared to aerobic pathways or alternative stoichiometric oxidants. However, numerous environmental and financial concerns associated with the application of commercial H₂O₂ remain. These concerns have led to a growing interest in the application of the in-situ synthesized oxidant for a range of chemical transformations. Herein, we provide an overview of the key contributions to this emerging field of oxidative catalysis, with a particular focus on propene epoxidation and ketone ammoximation, which are currently two crucial industrial-scale processes that utilise preformed H₂O₂ with the titanosilicate catalyst TS-1 for chemical synthesis. This contribution will highlight the potential for in-situ H₂O₂-mediated feedstock upgrading to replace existing technologies and contribute to the declared sustainability goals of the chemical synthesis sector.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34602,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental Research","volume":"6 2","pages":"Pages 740-744"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140797593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Building a global early-warning system for environmental risks with remote sensing","authors":"Libo Wang ,&nbsp;Yinglan A ,&nbsp;Guoqiang Wang ,&nbsp;Baolin Xue ,&nbsp;Jin Wu ,&nbsp;Yuntao Wang ,&nbsp;Qiao Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.fmre.2025.11.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fmre.2025.11.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Amid intensifying environmental risks, including climate change, biodiversity loss, and pollution, global ecosystems are under unprecedented pressure. Environmental monitoring forms the cornerstone of governance, as ecological risk events unfold through interconnected stages of occurrence, development, migration, and impact. However, current monitoring systems remain fragmented across platforms, regions, and data infrastructures, with inconsistent standards and poor interoperability limiting timely detection and coordinated response. In response to these limitations, we propose a global ecological risk monitoring framework that integrates satellite, aerial, terrestrial, and marine platforms into a hierarchically structured, multi-scale network. This framework supports continuous, cross-scale observation of atmospheric, terrestrial, and aquatic systems, enabling end-to-end lifecycle tracking of ecological and environmental hazards. By synthesizing the strengths of existing monitoring networks and promoting transboundary data interoperability, the system facilitates a transition from passive environmental response to proactive, real-time risk forecasting and decision-making.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34602,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental Research","volume":"6 2","pages":"Pages 580-582"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147620615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tumoral IL-10-activated SHP2 in macrophages promotes mammary carcinoma progression","authors":"Jian Gao ,&nbsp;Zhixiu Chen ,&nbsp;Yixuan Wang ,&nbsp;Lele Guo ,&nbsp;Minmin Fan ,&nbsp;Lin Zhou ,&nbsp;Liwei Wang ,&nbsp;Ying Huang ,&nbsp;Yang Sun ,&nbsp;Wenjie Guo ,&nbsp;Yan Shen ,&nbsp;Qiang Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.fmre.2024.03.026","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fmre.2024.03.026","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Src homology 2 domain-containing tyrosine phosphatase 2 (SHP2) is a non-receptor tyrosine phosphatase and acts as a convergent node for oncogenic cell-signaling cascades. SHP2 has been recognized as a breakthrough anti-tumor therapeutic target. However, it is still elusive for the role of SHP2 in manipulating tumor microenvironment for malignancy. Here, we found that SHP2 activation in tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) paralleled mammary carcinoma progression. Co-culture system and human breast cancer specimens also showed high levels of phosphorylated SHP2 in macrophages. Conditional SHP2 knockout or pharmacological SHP2 inhibition blocked mammary carcinoma growth and reduced metastasis. More importantly, tumor-derived IL-10 induced SHP2 phosphorylation in macrophages upon the tumor-macrophage interaction. SHP2 activation rendered macrophages an immunosuppressive phenotype and attenuated their responsiveness to type I interferon. IL-10 deficiency in mammary carcinoma cells caused tumor regression, which was accompanied by the reduction of SHP2 activation in TAMs. These findings suggest a protumorigenic role of SHP2 in the crosstalk between macrophages and mammary carcinoma cells in tumor microenvironments and reveal that targeting SHP2 in macrophages could be a therapeutic approach to improve anticancer therapy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34602,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental Research","volume":"6 2","pages":"Pages 1203-1214"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140792429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fast entangling quantum gates with almost-resonant modulated driving","authors":"Xiayang Fan ,&nbsp;Xin Wang ,&nbsp;Yuan Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.fmre.2024.07.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fmre.2024.07.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Recently, the method of using a special category of synthetic analytical pulses under off-resonant conditions has improved the experimental performance of two- and multi-qubit gates in the cold atom qubit platform. In order to explore more possibilities and wider ranges of options, we design and analyze the method of almost-resonant modulated driving (ARMD) in constructing fast-speed and high-fidelity quantum logic gates. Whilst the modulation forms the key concept of high-fidelity Rydberg blockade gates so far, the on-off resonance condition can lead to nontrivial nuances in the styles of dynamics, and the ARMD gate protocols have its different characteristic mechanisms in quantum physics compared with the off-resonant gate processes. In particular, ARMD gates usually have abrupt phase changes and at certain points during the time evolution. From a more fundamental point of view, both the resonant and off-resonant methods all together belong to the unitary operation family of fast modulated driving with respect to precisely characterized inter-qubit interactions, which usually allows the quantum logic gate to conclude within one continuous pulse. We anticipate the ARMD gates to work well with the Rydberg dipole-dipole interaction and will serve as a helpful tool in the future studies of the cold atom qubit platform.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34602,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental Research","volume":"6 2","pages":"Pages 685-690"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147620612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The plant microbiota: From theoretical advances to applications","authors":"Weidong Liu ,&nbsp;Haoran Xu ,&nbsp;Jinghang Zhou ,&nbsp;Yuhang He ,&nbsp;Di Zou ,&nbsp;Yang Bai ,&nbsp;Jingying Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.fmre.2024.04.016","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fmre.2024.04.016","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In nature, healthy plants harbor abundant and diverse microbes known as the plant microbiota. These taxonomically structured microbial assemblies contribute to plant growth and health, and extend the capacity of plants to adapt to their environment. Extensive characterization of plant microbiota has yielded valuable insights into the factors affecting microbial community assembly, consistently revealing that the host compartment, host genetic diversity, and environmental factors are the determinants of microbiota composition. Systematic culture of plant microbiota and reconstitution experiments using germ-free plants under laboratory conditions have indicated functions for the microbiota in disease and stress resistance, nutrient absorption, and morphological development. These preliminary endeavors have fueled interest in translating the benefits of microbial assemblies to agriculture. However, the gap between identifying beneficial strains and translating this knowledge into viable applications remains to be bridged.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34602,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental Research","volume":"6 2","pages":"Pages 868-878"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147620761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimizing the enterprise inclusion threshold setting of China's national carbon market","authors":"Ke Wang ,&nbsp;Siyang Li ,&nbsp;Yujiao Xian","doi":"10.1016/j.fmre.2025.01.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fmre.2025.01.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In July 2021, China launched its national carbon emission trading system (ETS), initially targeting thermal power plants with annual emissions exceeding 26,000 tons of carbon dioxide (CO₂). Optimizing the inclusion thresholds within the ETS is crucial for effective carbon market policy formulation. This study introduces a threshold optimization model for ETS that evaluates carbon market benefits across varied inclusion thresholds and identifies the optimal threshold based on the cost savings per unit of emission reduction. We applied this model to determine the optimal inclusion threshold for China's national ETS and to prioritize the order of industry inclusion under the adjusted threshold. Our simulation results indicate the following: (i) For the exclusive participation of the thermal power sector in the ETS, the optimal inclusion threshold is 19,000 tons of CO₂; however, this threshold decreases to 3,000 tons of CO₂ when all major sectors are included; (ii) In the expansion phases of the ETS, the optimal sequence for industry inclusion is cement manufacturing, steel smelting, basic chemical raw materials, and aluminum smelting, which maximizes ETS benefits and reduces abatement costs by 36%; (iii) Under the optimal threshold, large-scale enterprises benefit significantly more than small and medium-sized enterprises, capturing over 70% of total ETS advantages; (iv) There exists an \"inverted U-shaped\" correlation between ETS benefits and carbon reduction targets.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34602,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental Research","volume":"6 2","pages":"Pages 1149-1160"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147620852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel ABC family protein participates in the regulation of fitness cost caused by tet(X4)-bearing plasmids in Escherichia coli","authors":"Haijie Zhang ,&nbsp;Lijie Jiang ,&nbsp;Yurong Zhao ,&nbsp;Mengping He ,&nbsp;Zhiqiang Wang ,&nbsp;Yuan Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.fmre.2024.03.020","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fmre.2024.03.020","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The worldwide prevalence of the plasmid-mediated tigecycline resistance gene <em>tet</em>(X4) in diverse bacterial species challenges the clinical application of tigecycline and poses an increasing threat to global health. However, the underlying mechanisms by which <em>tet</em>(X4)-positive plasmids adapt to different host bacteria and maintain resistance genes remain elusive. Herein, we performed a systematic investigation of the fitness costs of <em>tet</em>(X4)-bearing plasmids in different host strains. We found that the combination of <em>tet</em>(X4) gene and <em>Escherichia coli</em> (<em>E. coli</em>) showed a minimal fitness cost. Meanwhile, <em>E. coli</em> harboring <em>tet</em>(X4)-bearing IncFII plasmid pC41 displayed high lethality in a <em>Galleria mellonella</em> (<em>G. mellonella</em>) infection model, superior conjugation frequency and great competitiveness in murine models. Furthermore, we investigated the regulatory mechanisms for controlling the fitness cost of <em>tet</em>(X4)-bearing pC41 in <em>E. coli</em>. A putative ABC transport family protein, designated as AtlR, balanced the <em>tet</em>(X4) expression and bacterial fitness cost by suppressing the plasmid copy number. It inhibited the plasmid replication by downregulating the expression of <em>repA</em>. Overall, these findings uncover a novel adaptative mechanism accounting for the persistence of <em>tet</em>(X4)-bearing plasmids.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34602,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental Research","volume":"6 2","pages":"Pages 895-905"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147620797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Joint effects of sleep behaviors and physical activity on brain structure and cognitive function","authors":"Yuanyuan Fang ,&nbsp;Chang Cheng ,&nbsp;Deng Ning ,&nbsp;Yao Yao ,&nbsp;Lusen Ran ,&nbsp;Yuqin He ,&nbsp;Hao Huang ,&nbsp;Di Yao ,&nbsp;Yanzhu Huang ,&nbsp;Dengji Pan ,&nbsp;Wei Wang ,&nbsp;Wenhua Liu ,&nbsp;Minghuan Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.fmre.2025.03.022","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fmre.2025.03.022","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sleep behaviors and physical activity (PA) are widely used to predict the risk of neurodegenerative disease. However, how sleep and PA interact to influence brain and cognitive health remains unknown. This study investigated independent, joint, and interacting associations of sleep behaviors and PA with brain structures and cognitive phenotypes using linear regression and generalized linear models among over 40,000 middle-aged and older participants in UK Biobank. We first found that unhealthy sleep patterns, abnormal sleep duration and high levels of PA were each associated with worse cognitive function and brain structure damage. Joint association analyses revealed that the group with long sleep duration and low levels of PA had the greatest prevalence of white matter hyperintensities (WMH; <em>β</em> = 0.131, <em>P</em>_FDR = 0.013), a key metric of brain structural changes. Interestingly, interaction analysis suggested that a high level of PA significantly mitigates brain damage in relation to long sleep duration (i.e., grey matter loss, <em>β</em>_{moderate-long} = -0.088, <em>β</em>_high-long = -0.013, <em>P</em>_interaction = 0.024). In terms of cognitive phenotypes, a combination of long sleep and low levels of PA was similarly associated with worse cognitive performance (i.e., symbol digit scores, <em>β</em> = -0.043, <em>P</em>_FDR = 0.018). Additionally, when stratified by PA levels, long sleep duration exhibited a negative impact on cognition compared to normal sleep duration among those with low PA, but this effect was smaller or insignificant for those engaging in moderate or high PA (i.e., symbol digit scores, <em>β</em>_low-long = -0.047, <em>P</em>_FDR = 0.029; <em>β</em>_{moderate-long} = -0.022, <em>P</em>_FDR = 0.025; <em>β</em>_high-long = -0.016, <em>P</em>_FDR = 0.239). Overall, maintaining a high PA level during late middle age could potentially mitigate the detrimental effects on brain structure associated with excessive sleep. Healthy sleep habits alongside an adequate PA level are essential for maintaining brain health during aging.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34602,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental Research","volume":"6 2","pages":"Pages 1222-1229"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147620881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simulated dust activity in typical time periods of the past 250 million years","authors":"Qifan Lin,&nbsp;Yonggang Liu,&nbsp;Jiaqi Guo,&nbsp;Xiang Li,&nbsp;Jiawenjing Lan,&nbsp;Haoyue Zuo,&nbsp;Ming Zhang,&nbsp;Jian Zhang,&nbsp;Zhouqiao Zhao,&nbsp;Shuai Yuan,&nbsp;Xiujuan Bao,&nbsp;Yongyun Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.fmre.2024.02.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fmre.2024.02.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The dust cycle in three typical time periods of the past 250 Myr, namely 240 Ma, 130 Ma and 80 Ma, is studied using the climate model CESM1.2.2 combined with the vegetation model BIOME4 and compared with that of the present day. The atmospheric dust loading obtained for these three periods is 35.9, 9.7 and 3.2 Tg, respectively. In comparison, the present-day dust loading is ∼24 Tg. It is found that the area of subtropical land is the major controlling factor in the variation of dust loading; the climate and the land plant evolution play a relatively minor role in these experiments where continental ice sheets are not considered and the reliability of BIOME4 in simulating vegetation of deep time is still uncertain. Although the simulated atmospheric dust loading in 240 Ma was much higher than that simulated for today, the fraction of dust deposited into the ocean (26%) was much lower due to its supercontinental configuration. Dust was able to cool the local annual mean surface temperature by a maximum of 2 °C in 240 Ma. A warming is obtained in the northern polar region in both 240 Ma and 130 Ma, likely due to strengthened meridional oceanic heat transport rather than due to snow darkening.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34602,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental Research","volume":"6 2","pages":"Pages 963-973"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139873185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The SoxE factor Sox9 is selectively expressed in indirect pathway striatal projection neurons and regulates synaptogenesis","authors":"Xiaolei Song ,&nbsp;Xin Li ,&nbsp;Xingru Pan ,&nbsp;Hongkun Yang ,&nbsp;Kun Wang ,&nbsp;Tao Yang ,&nbsp;Liyao Guo ,&nbsp;Xiaoming Xin ,&nbsp;Weidong Le ,&nbsp;Rongliang Guo ,&nbsp;Zhejun Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.fmre.2024.02.019","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fmre.2024.02.019","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Striatum, as the largest structure of the basal ganglia, serves as a center for information transmission and is critical for motor function and reward perception. However, the genetic mechanisms underlying its development require further exploration. Here, we found that <em>Sox9</em>, traditionally recognized as a glial marker, is uniquely expressed in striatal medium spiny neurons (MSNs), especially in <em>Drd2</em>-expressing indirect pathway MSNs (D2-MSNs). Intriguingly, <em>Sox9</em> expression in the striatum, which is conserved in humans, is a dynamic process. It maintains a high level during the perinatal stage, and exhibits low expression levels or vanishes at the embryonic and postnatal stages, respectively. The peak period of <em>Sox9</em> expression coincides with the transition from neurogenesis to synaptogenesis. Importantly, gene regulatory network analysis and gain-of-function experiments confirmed <em>Sox9</em> is strongly correlated with synaptogenesis. Moreover, we identified that <em>Sox9</em> regulates synaptogenesis by repressing <em>Foxp2</em>, a well-known synapse regulator. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the biased expression pattern of <em>Sox9</em> in D2-MSNs is, at least in part, regulated by another SoxE family member <em>Sox8</em>, which is specifically expressed in <em>Drd1</em>-expressing direct pathway MSNs (D1-MSNs). Taken together, our findings reveal a new marker of D2-MSNs and identify its distinctive function in striatal development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34602,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental Research","volume":"6 2","pages":"Pages 906-918"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140763924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}