Fundamental Research最新文献

{"title":"Seahorse‐exoskeleton‐inspired structure with linear‐to‐torsion transition property for low-frequency vibration isolation","authors":"Bo Yan ,&nbsp;Shangwen Wang ,&nbsp;Peng Ling ,&nbsp;Zhibo Yang ,&nbsp;Hongye Ma ,&nbsp;Qinchuan Li","doi":"10.1016/j.fmre.2025.02.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fmre.2025.02.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The square exoskeleton of seahorses can transit linear motion into torsion to dissipate energy and protect the vertebrate when subjected to external disturbances. Inspired by the self-protection mechanism of the linear-to-torsion transition of the square exoskeleton of seahorses, a novel seahorse-exoskeleton-inspired structure (SES) is designed, which consists of two oblique rods and springs, and a rotational disc. The geometric relationship and dynamic model are established to reveal the corresponding nonlinear stiffness, adjustable high carrying capacity and large working range characteristics. The dynamic equation of the SES is derived according to the Lagrange equation and the frequency response relationship is obtained with the harmonic balance method. Then the effects of structural parameters on the nonlinear restoring force, nonlinear inertia, nonlinear quadratic force, nonlinear damping and the vibration isolation performance are studied comprehensively to achieve the low-frequency isolation characteristics. A SES prototype was manufactured and the corresponding experiment was carried out to verify the low-frequency vibration isolation performance of SES. The tested peak frequency of the unloaded SES can be lower to 1.48 Hz due to the linear-to-torsion property, which can generate torsional inertia and anti-resonance phenomenon. Furthermore, the nonlinear damping is positively correlated with input displacement. SES has a better vibration isolation performance under large excitation amplitude. This paper provides a guideline for the design of low-frequency bio-inspired vibration isolators with the linear-to-torsion transition mechanism.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34602,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental Research","volume":"5 4","pages":"Pages 1505-1523"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144713402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PIAS4 regulates pluripotency exit and cell fate commitment in porcine embryonic stem cells","authors":"Wei Qin ,&nbsp;Yu Wang ,&nbsp;Hongfei Duan ,&nbsp;Qiao Li ,&nbsp;Dagang Tao ,&nbsp;Peng Su ,&nbsp;Linhui Wu ,&nbsp;Delong Li ,&nbsp;Tian Xu ,&nbsp;Shengsong Xie ,&nbsp;Xia Zhang ,&nbsp;Jilong Zhou ,&nbsp;Yi-Liang Miao","doi":"10.1016/j.fmre.2024.10.016","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fmre.2024.10.016","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Post-translational modifications (PTMs) are dynamic processes that regulate cell states by enhancing proteome diversity. However, the overall impact of PTMs on pluripotency exit in porcine embryonic stem cells (pESCs) remains largely unknown. Here, we present a systematic assay to identify E3 ubiquitin ligases for pluripotency exit by using CRISPR/Cas9 pooled screening and identified PIAS4 as a major regulator of pluripotency exit, as the cell differentiation was significantly impaired upon PIAS4 depletion in pESCs. PIAS4 shows a high degree of genomic occupation in promoter regions, particularly in key pluripotency maintenance genes. Moreover, we found that PIAS4 was recruited to the gene promoter marked by H3K4me3 and interacted with lysine demethylase KDM5B via SUMOylation, thereby affecting the stability of KDM5B and further facilitating the regulation of H3K4me3-mediated lineage-specific genes. Together, our findings reveal a regulatory mechanism by which PIAS4 modulates H3K4me3 modification on development-related genes, subsequently influencing pluripotency exit and cell fate commitment by interacting with KDM5B in pESCs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34602,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental Research","volume":"5 4","pages":"Pages 1556-1569"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144713403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CRISPR/Cas system-guided plasmid mutagenesis without sequence restriction","authors":"Fengjiao Zhao ,&nbsp;Feng Chen ,&nbsp;Huahang Yu ,&nbsp;Siyue Fan ,&nbsp;Min Bai ,&nbsp;Jing Xue ,&nbsp;Yue Zhao ,&nbsp;Xiaolei Zuo ,&nbsp;Chunhai Fan ,&nbsp;Yongxi Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.fmre.2022.06.017","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fmre.2022.06.017","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Plasmid mutagenesis is an essential step to engineer protein variants with desired properties. Direct generation of mutations on plasmids is a promising method compared to PCR-based methods and subcloning, yet it suffers from the sequence restriction in the generation of single-stranded circular plasmids. Here we demonstrate the CRISPR/Cas system-guided plasmid mutagenesis, a method using gRNA/Cas9 nickase complex to generate single-stranded circular plasmids as polymerization templates for mutagenesis. This method can directly create user-defined mutation libraries on the plasmid. It offers broad sequence programmability and even covers methylated plasmids. We further combine this method with rational design to engineer genome-editing protein FnCpf1. The FnCpf1 variants with mutations in the PAM-binding groove were generated. Several variants expanded the PAM range and exhibited lower off-target effect, which can loosen PAM constraint and enhance target specificity for genome editing. This work presents an effective tool for plasmid mutagenesis and protein engineering studies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34602,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental Research","volume":"5 4","pages":"Pages 1481-1487"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43113102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Moving transmission centers of embodied forage-livestock conflicts from non-pastoral provinces to pastoral provinces in China","authors":"Mingyue Yang ,&nbsp;Sai Liang ,&nbsp;Haifeng Zhou ,&nbsp;Ke Li ,&nbsp;Zhifeng Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.fmre.2023.04.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fmre.2023.04.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Forage-livestock conflict (FLC) causes rangeland degradation and poses a threat to climate change mitigation, food security, and sustainable development. Previous studies have investigated the hotspots of <em>in situ</em> FLCs. However, region-sectors of supply chains transferring embodied FLCs are overlooked. This study identifies transmission centers of embodied FLCs in China during 2005–2015 based on multi-regional input-output analysis. The results show that transmission centers are mostly light industries, such as the “agricultural and sideline products processing” sectors of Inner Mongolia and Shandong and the “textile industry” sector of Jiangsu. Moreover, the geographical distribution of transmission centers changed during 2005–2015. In particular, several transmission centers were moving from non-pastoral provinces to pastoral provinces. This is influenced by structural changes in supply chains. The findings of this study provide deep leverage points of interventions. They can support effective productivity improvement measures and intersectoral cooperation to control FLCs, and can therefore combat rangeland degradation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34602,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental Research","volume":"5 4","pages":"Pages 1622-1630"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49500083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-adaptability refrigeration under extreme temperatures in summer enabled by metal-organic framework","authors":"Shao-Fei Wu ,&nbsp;Li-Wei Wang ,&nbsp;Bing-Zhi Yuan","doi":"10.1016/j.fmre.2023.11.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fmre.2023.11.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Extreme global climates in summer and frequent energy crises have led to an increasing demand for sustainable refrigeration; however, low-grade-thermal-energy-driven refrigeration at high ambient temperatures (≥ 40 °C) has rarely been studied. In this paper, we report a solar-driven efficient sorption refrigeration scheme for extreme ambient temperature in summer enabled by metal-organic framework–ammonia working pairs. MIL-101(Cr) consistently achieves an ammonia sorption capacity of 0.59 g·g^-1 contributed by the multiple sorption behavior of the host–guest interaction even when operating under condensation and sorption temperatures as high as 40 °C and 45 ^oC, respectively. Based on these findings, we construct a proof-of-concept device based on an MIL-101(Cr)–ammonia working pair. An impressive coefficient of performance of 0.387 is achieved when the device is subjected to high condensation temperatures (40 °C), low evaporation temperatures (10 °C), and desorption temperatures (100 °C). These results highlight the adaptability of this working pair to high temperatures. Our research indicates that this innovative approach holds promise as a future sustainable energy technology for various practical applications, including ammonia-based fuel systems, and for addressing both cold and thermal energy demands.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34602,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental Research","volume":"5 4","pages":"Pages 1688-1697"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138612179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent progress of thermocatalytic ammonia synthesis via an associative mechanism","authors":"Yangyu Zhang ,&nbsp;Jiaxin Li ,&nbsp;Yanliang Zhou,&nbsp;Chak-tong Au,&nbsp;Xiuyun Wang,&nbsp;Lilong Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.fmre.2023.11.016","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fmre.2023.11.016","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ammonia is an important chemical and a carrier of hydrogen. Artificial nitrogen fixation mainly relies on the Haber−Bosch process driven by thermo-catalysis, where the activation of N₂ usually follows a dissociative route. Nonetheless, an associative route is common in electrocatalytic or biological nitrogen fixation under ambient conditions. Recently, it was reported that N₂ can be activated via an associative mechanism in thermocatalytic ammonia synthesis over some special catalytic materials or active sites, which exhibits enormous potential to realize efficient ammonia synthesis under relatively mild conditions (≤ 400 °C and ≤ 1 MPa). In this review, we focus on the recent progress of ammonia synthesis that follows an associative mechanism. Besides the hydride and nitride materials, the catalysts with highly dispersed active sites are included. We discuss the key factors that drive N₂ activation via an associative route and examine their correlation with catalytic performance. Finally, we delve into the perspectives of catalyst design tailored to facilitate an associative mechanism.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34602,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental Research","volume":"5 4","pages":"Pages 1464-1477"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139632151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A two-stage robust decision-making framework (2S-RDM) for flood risk adaptation under deep uncertainty","authors":"Jiacong Cai ,&nbsp;Yiding Wei ,&nbsp;Jianxun Yang ,&nbsp;Chenyi Ji ,&nbsp;Miaomiao Liu ,&nbsp;Wen Fang ,&nbsp;Zongwei Ma ,&nbsp;Jun Bi","doi":"10.1016/j.fmre.2024.05.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fmre.2024.05.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Flood is one of the major challenges facing human societies. Adapting to future flood risks involves deep uncertainty, especially when long-term projections of climate change are considered. This study proposed a Two-stage Robust Decision Making (2S-RDM) framework to help devise flexible and robust strategies capable of addressing the inherent deep uncertainty associated with managing flood risks. Taking the Yangtze River Basin in China as a case study, we simulated flood risks across ∼0.6 million scenarios until 2050. This analysis considered four types of uncertain factors, i.e., future climate change, socio-economic growth, industrial structure transformation, and population aging. We then examined the effectiveness of four adaptation measures and their combinations, i.e. building elevation, tunnel construction, people relocation, and river basin conservation. Our projections show that without immediate adaptation, an estimated 0.9 to 27.3 million people will be impacted by floods until 2050, accompanied with $33.8 to $198.5 billion economic losses in the entire basin. When defining the goal as limiting the affected population &lt; 0.05% and ensuring economic losses &lt; 0.02%, we identified 24 global robust strategies capable of meeting this criterion in &gt; 80% of scenarios. Then, we compared the 24 global robust strategies regarding their relative costs and performances in each of the future scenario pools. The final recommended solutions are hybrid strategies that integrate engineering-based measures with ‘soft’ adaptation options (e.g. Elevation++, Tunnel++, and Relocation). This study provides tools to design flood adaptation strategies not only robust across diverse scenarios but also flexible for decision-makers to customize and refine their strategies based on specific needs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34602,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental Research","volume":"5 4","pages":"Pages 1771-1780"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141141389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Targeted delivery and controlled release of polymeric nanomedicines for tumor therapy","authors":"Na Shen ,&nbsp;Weidong Zhao ,&nbsp;Hongyu Chu ,&nbsp;Haiyang Yu ,&nbsp;Hai Sun ,&nbsp;Zhaohui Tang ,&nbsp;Xuesi Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.fmre.2025.01.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fmre.2025.01.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Drug therapy, including chemotherapy and immunotherapy, remains a cornerstone of cancer treatment; however, significant toxic side effects are often unavoidable, inhibiting tumor growth while causing damage to multiple organ systems. Polymeric nanomedicines have shown substantial promise in addressing the limitations of small-molecule drugs, such as poor solubility, rapid clearance, low tumor retention, and adverse effects, thereby enhancing the therapeutic index. Despite these advances, clinical outcomes indicate that the overall survival rates of cancer patients post-treatment are often not significantly higher than those achieved with standard small-molecule drugs. This is largely due to the inadequate tumor targeting and limited tumor penetration of polymeric drugs despite their drug release and targeting capabilities. While actively tumor-targeted and selectively activated drug strategies can potentially improve drug targeting, traditional approaches have yielded unsatisfactory results due to insufficient differences in targets, such as markers and stimuli, between tumor and normal tissues. Recent innovations focus on utilizing drug or external stimuli, such as light, radiation, and ultrasound, to amplify tumor-associated markers or stimuli, enabling more precise tumor targeting and selective drug activation. Based on these innovations, actively targeted or selectively activated polymeric nanomedicines can further enhance drug accumulation within tumors and improve therapeutic outcomes. Moreover, the integration of actively tumor-targeting and tumor-selectively activated strategies represents a significant advancement, which achieves simultaneously enhanced drug accumulation and selective activation within the tumors. This review highlights the significant potential, challenges, and advanced strategies of polymeric nanomedicines in targeted tumor therapy, emphasizing the need for ongoing research to optimize their effectiveness and ultimately improve patient outcomes, paving the way for more effective and less toxic cancer treatment options.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34602,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental Research","volume":"5 4","pages":"Pages 1349-1368"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144713227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Symbiopersonal intelligence towards symbiotic and personalized digital medicine","authors":"Alfred Mensah ,&nbsp;Qiwen Bao ,&nbsp;Zhaonan Zhang ,&nbsp;Ya Chen ,&nbsp;Qing Jiang ,&nbsp;Pingqiang Cai","doi":"10.1016/j.fmre.2025.01.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fmre.2025.01.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this perspective, we introduce the concept of Symbiopersonal Intelligence (SymAI)—a specialized form of artificial intelligence designed to facilitate and optimize symbiotic interactions between individuals and intelligent devices in digital medicine. SymAI represents a new frontier in personalized intelligent systems, adaptively learning from and catering to individual needs and behaviors. We explore its emergence and potential implementation in both personal and public healthcare, encompassing telemedicine, precision medicine, surgical assistance, chronic disease management, and policy optimization. Key technological frameworks and hardware enablers are outlined, with a particular emphasis on multimodal data retrieval, transmission, and processing, as well as personalized interventions delivered via wearable and implantable devices. By integrating artificial intelligence into sensor technologies and addressing barriers in flexible electronics, SymAI holds the potential to revolutionize digital health, offering more responsive, tailored care and improved health outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34602,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental Research","volume":"5 4","pages":"Pages 1423-1428"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144713229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A new pathway for pyrite formation in low-sulfate sediments driven by mineralization of reduced organic sulfur","authors":"Chenhui Wei ,&nbsp;Shujun Yin ,&nbsp;Andreas Kappler ,&nbsp;Shu Tao ,&nbsp;Dongqiang Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.fmre.2023.08.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fmre.2023.08.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Although pyrite is the main sedimentary form of sulfur, an ample mechanistic comprehension of its formation in low-sulfate environments is lacking. Applying high depth-resolution multigeochemical and stable sulfur isotope composition (δ³⁴S) analysis of a sediment core recovered from a large shallow freshwater lake (Baiyangdian) in north China, we show that the pyrite forms dominantly in the top 4 cm layer and the participating sulfide stems primarily from mineralization of reduced organic sulfur in biomass. This mechanism was further verified by the formation of pyrite in anoxic incubation of biomass (<em>Ceratophyllum demersum</em> L. or <em>Spirulina</em>) with hematite in the absence of external sulfate. This finding reveals an alternative pathway other than microbial sulfate reduction (MSR) for producing sulfide to form pyrite in low-sulfate sediments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34602,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental Research","volume":"5 4","pages":"Pages 1607-1613"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135347942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}