Fundamental Research最新文献

{"title":"Single-cell transcriptome atlas of spontaneous dry age-related macular degeneration in macaques","authors":"Wenru Su ,&nbsp;Yuehan Gao ,&nbsp;Xu Jia ,&nbsp;Xiaohong Chen ,&nbsp;Jian Wu ,&nbsp;Yuwen Wen ,&nbsp;Yunhong Shi ,&nbsp;Yingting Zhu ,&nbsp;Yehong Zhuo","doi":"10.1016/j.fmre.2023.02.028","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fmre.2023.02.028","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Age-related macular degeneration is the leading cause of irreversible visual impairment in the elderly. It manifests in two forms, wet and dry. However, the mechanisms underlying spontaneous dry age-related macular degeneration (SD-AMD) remain unclear. Herein, we constructed a single-cell retinal transcription atlas in aged non-human primates with SD-AMD. Retinal tissues affected by SD-AMD exhibited a more degenerative and dysfunctional transcriptomic landscape, with global activation of the oxidative stress response and apoptotic signaling pathway. We found two distinct Müller glia subtypes in normal aged and SD-AMD macaques, one exhibiting a photoreceptor-like transcriptome and the other exhibiting a typical Müller glia transcriptome. As SD-AMD progressed, the proportion of photoreceptor-like Müller glial cells decreased, and photoreceptor-function-associated genes were downregulated, indicating weaker Müller glia potential to transit into photoreceptor-like functional states. Microglial cells showed activated features, and the complement system was activated during disease pathogenesis. We also found that the disruption of iron homeostasis and ferroptosis could promote SD-AMD pathogenesis in neural cells. Further experimentation revealed that a ferroptosis inhibitor exerted a profound rescuing effect in SD-AMD mouse models. Based on these results, our study introduces a path toward understanding the pathogenesis of SD-AMD in a non-human primate model at single-cell resolution.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34602,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental Research","volume":"5 3","pages":"Pages 1034-1046"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45924549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Engineered in-situ-forming biomimetic hydrogel with self-regulated immunostimulatory capacity promotes postoperative tumor treatment","authors":"Zhuo Cheng ,&nbsp;Yan Hu ,&nbsp;Yingqi Liu ,&nbsp;Xuan Wang ,&nbsp;Rui Xue ,&nbsp;Kaiyong Cai ,&nbsp;Liqi Li ,&nbsp;Menghuan Li ,&nbsp;Zhong Luo","doi":"10.1016/j.fmre.2023.02.029","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fmre.2023.02.029","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Post-resection tumors with microscopic foci and immunosuppressive microenvironments have high risk of recurrence and metastasis but respond poorly to various therapies. Herein, we propose a biomimetic hydrogel as a biocompatible, biodegradable and bioadhesive postoperative dressing that could be formed in situ by NaIO₄-initiated thiourea-catechol crosslinking after syringe-injection into the resection cavity. The thiourea or catechol-bearing hyaluronic acid precursors are also separately engineered with phenylboronic acid and β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) groups, potentiating the reversible immobilization of (1S, 3R) RAS-selective lethal 3 (RSL3) and glycosylated granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) without invasive chemical reactions. Meanwhile, the interconnected porous superstructure of the hydrogels allows the incorporation and self-regulated delivery of PD-L1 antibody (aPD-L1). RSL3-induced immunogenic ferroptosis and GM-CSF could cooperatively trigger robust adaptive tumor-specific immune responses, while aPD-L1 further alleviates the accumulated immunoresistance of tumor cells due to interferon γ-mediated PD-L1 upregulation, thus stimulating potent local and whole-body antitumor immunity to prevent postoperative tumor recurrence and metastasis. The biomimetic hydrogel may serve as a promising solution for the postoperative treatment of solid tumors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34602,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental Research","volume":"5 3","pages":"Pages 1047-1062"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49454790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ORT: Occlusion-robust for multi-object tracking","authors":"Shoudong Han ,&nbsp;Hongwei Wang ,&nbsp;En Yu ,&nbsp;Zhuo Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.fmre.2023.02.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fmre.2023.02.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Although the joint-detection-and-tracking paradigm has promoted the development of multi-object tracking (MOT) significantly, the long-term occlusion problem is still unsolved. After a period of trajectory inactivation due to occlusion, it is difficult to achieve trajectory reconnection with appearance features because they are no longer reliable. Although using motion cues does not suffer from occlusion, the commonly used Kalman Filter is also ineffective in its long-term inertia prediction in cases of no observation updates or wrong updates. Besides, occlusion is prone to cause multiple track-detection pairs to have close similarity scores during the data association phase. The direct use of the Hungarian algorithm to give the global optimal solution may generate the identity switching problem. In this paper, we propose the Long-term Spatio-Temporal Prediction (LSTP) module and the Ordered Association (OA) module to alleviate the occlusion problem in terms of motion prediction and data association, respectively. The LSTP module estimates the states of all tracked objects over time using a combination of spatial and temporal Transformers. The spatial Transformer models crowd interaction and learns the influence of neighbors, while the temporal Transformer models the temporal continuity of historical trajectories. Besides, the LSTP module also predicts the visibilities of the motion prediction boxes, which denote the occlusion attributes of trajectories. Based on the occlusion attribute and active state, the association priority is defined in the OA module to associate trajectories in order, which helps to alleviate the identity switching problem. Comprehensive experiments on the MOT17 and MOT20 benchmarks indicate the superiority of the proposed MOT framework, namely Occlusion-Robust Tracker (ORT). Without using any appearance information, our ORT can achieve competitive performance beyond other state-of-the-art trackers in terms of trajectory accuracy and purity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34602,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental Research","volume":"5 3","pages":"Pages 1214-1220"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42289711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"AI-aided power electronic converters automatic online real-time efficiency optimization method","authors":"Yuanhong Tang ,&nbsp;Di Cao ,&nbsp;Jian Xiao ,&nbsp;Chenying Jiang ,&nbsp;Qi Huang ,&nbsp;Yunwei Li ,&nbsp;Zhe Chen ,&nbsp;Frede Blaabjerg ,&nbsp;Weihao Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.fmre.2023.05.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fmre.2023.05.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Energy losses during the conversion and supply of electric power are considered a significant issue and cannot be estimated. Improvement in the efficiency of energy conversion systems is highly restricted because of their internal nonlinearity and complexity. Thus, inspired by the successful utilization of robotic chemists, we demonstrate a pioneering concept of artificial intelligence (AI)-aided automatic online real-time optimization of a power electronics converter using a dual active bridge (DAB) converter as an example. An optimal modulation strategy was obtained through repeated automatic exploration experiments on a practical DAB converter platform. Specifically, the DAB experimental platform operated autonomously around the clock for approximately 71 h. It performed 120,000 consecutive experiments (12,000 episodes) within a six-variable experimental space driven by a deep deterministic policy gradient (DDPG) algorithm. The proposed AI-aided automatic online real-time optimization method achieved significantly improved efficiency of power conversion and supply. Consequently, zero carbon emissions may be obtained in the future.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34602,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental Research","volume":"5 3","pages":"Pages 1111-1116"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48976996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamics of the climate-permafrost-vegetation coupling system at its southernmost zone in Eurasia under climate warming","authors":"Hongyan Liu ,&nbsp;Ying Cheng ,&nbsp;Oleg A. Anenkhonov ,&nbsp;Denis V. Sandanov ,&nbsp;Hongya Wang ,&nbsp;Mei Zhou ,&nbsp;Jiangsheng Wei ,&nbsp;Andrei Yu. Korolyuk","doi":"10.1016/j.fmre.2023.06.014","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fmre.2023.06.014","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Climate warming is suspected of causing notable degradation of permafrost at the regional and global levels, resulting in carbon release and substantially high carbon storage, which in turn, accelerates climate warming. However, analysis of Siberia's carbon dioxide and methane fluxes reveals that permafrost dynamics are more stable than previously estimated. We systematically reviewed previous studies on the climate-permafrost-vegetation coupling system in southern Siberia and the Russian Far East, the Greater Khingan and Smaller Khingan Mountains in northeast China and northern Mongolia, which is the southernmost distribution of the Eurasian zonal permafrost and is characterized by the largest ecosystem-protected permafrost area in the world. Climate warming in recent decades has strongly affected the species composition of vegetation in this permafrost region. It has also contributed to the expansion or contraction of vegetation patches on a local scale. The increasing number of days of shallow frozen soil thawing per year leads to the deepening of the active layer, resulting in the degradation of permafrost. Permafrost degradation has both direct and indirect impacts on plant species composition and community structure. Permafrost melting changes local water conditions, which directly affects vegetation and indirectly affects the composition and growth of plant species through the impact of soil moisture change on soil nutrients. The interception and redistribution of snow by vegetation complicate the distribution of solar radiation and surface water received by the ground, which also indirectly affects the permafrost environment. However, there is still a large knowledge gap about the interactions among climate, permafrost, and vegetation, particularly at the regional level, which requires additional study.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34602,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental Research","volume":"5 3","pages":"Pages 1077-1083"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135347941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatial data intelligence and city metaverse: A review","authors":"Xiaofeng Meng ,&nbsp;Yong Li ,&nbsp;Ke Liu ,&nbsp;Yu Liu ,&nbsp;Bin Yang ,&nbsp;Xuan Song ,&nbsp;Guoqiong Liao ,&nbsp;Senzhang Wang ,&nbsp;Ziqiang Yu ,&nbsp;Longbiao Chen ,&nbsp;Xiao Pan ,&nbsp;Yuming Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.fmre.2023.10.014","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fmre.2023.10.014","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Spatial Data Intelligence (SDI) encompasses acquiring, storing, analyzing, mining, and visualizing spatial data to gain insights into the physical world and uncover valuable knowledge. These understandings and knowledge play a crucial role in connecting physical and virtual realms, such as in developing a City Metaverse (CM) aimed at enhancing and optimizing modern urban environments. The advancement of CM holds immense potential to benefit urban dwellers, making research on SDI an increasingly prominent area of focus. This paper contributes significantly by organizing the relevant research and technologies within a coherent framework. Firstly, we identify SDI technologies capable of collecting real-world information to construct a virtual CM. Subsequently, we delve into the technologies that can be compositely integrated with SDI to facilitate interaction with and management of actual cities from the virtual perspective. Additionally, we emphasize the effectiveness and potential of these methods in practical applications. Lastly, we conclude our survey by discussing emerging challenges associated with technological progress, the industrial chain, legal and regulatory aspects, and ethical and moral considerations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34602,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental Research","volume":"5 3","pages":"Pages 1169-1193"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139194237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent advances in the chemical recycling of polyesters","authors":"Sheng Wang ,&nbsp;Jing Li ,&nbsp;Xiaohong Li ,&nbsp;Yingfeng Tu","doi":"10.1016/j.fmre.2024.05.014","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fmre.2024.05.014","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Whilst polymers have played a significant role in the development of modern society, a rapid growth of polymer waste is disadvantageously influencing communities and ecosystems across the world. Constructing a closed-loop life cycle of polymer materials is urgently in demand. Chemical recycling of polyesters, which can be recovered to the pristine monomers or transformed to other value-added products, has been considered as an appealing recycling approach to circular polymer economy and attracted enormous attention in the last several years. This review highlights some recent progress in the chemical recycling of diverse polyesters, including commercialized poly(lactic acid), poly(<em>ε</em>-caprolactone), poly(ethylene terephthalate), as well as various novel chemically recyclable polyesters and polycarbonates. Eventually, based on these technological developments, we discuss the remaining challenges and identify promising research opportunities, providing insights into future directions for achieving a genuine closed-loop polymer economy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34602,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental Research","volume":"5 3","pages":"Pages 935-950"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141407960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"LLM-assisted literature analysis for plastic upcycling","authors":"Yuchen Li,&nbsp;Meng Wang,&nbsp;Ding Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.fmre.2025.03.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fmre.2025.03.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Plastic waste poses a global challenge, driving interest in upcycling strategies to convert waste into value-added products. The interdisciplinary nature of plastic upcycling research—spanning fields such as chemistry, material science, and environmental science—has led to a surge in publications, making it challenging to synthesize key insights. Large language models (LLMs) offer transformative potential for literature analysis, enabling rapid, scalable, and consistent analysis across vast datasets. In this perspective, we evaluated the use of LLMs in 883 research articles about plastic upcycling, demonstrating their efficiency and accuracy in classifying plastics, identifying upcycling pathways, and visualizing trends. LLMs achieved performance comparable to human experts in well-defined tasks while completing analysis in a fraction of the time. We highlight the value of LLM-driven insights for guiding future research and propose a collaborative framework among researchers, publishers, and technology developers to optimize LLM applications. By integrating LLMs into workflows, the scientific community can accelerate innovation in tackling environmental challenges.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34602,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental Research","volume":"5 3","pages":"Pages 923-926"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144137857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Probabilistic energy flow analysis of the integrated electricity and gas system considering multiform uncertainties","authors":"Yanqiu Hou ,&nbsp;Minglei Bao ,&nbsp;Yi Ding ,&nbsp;Maosheng Sang ,&nbsp;Ziyang Liang ,&nbsp;Yonghua Song","doi":"10.1016/j.fmre.2023.03.020","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fmre.2023.03.020","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The coupling of electricity and gas systems has been ever-augmented with the wide deployment of gas-fired generators, which facilitates the conception of the integrated electricity and gas system (IEGS). Probabilistic energy flow (PEF) analysis is usually conducted to assess the operating status of the IEGS by calculating the probability distribution of state variables (e.g., gas pressure, gas flow, voltage, and power flow). However, multiform time-variant uncertainties can simultaneously reside in the IEGS, including discrete (e.g., the component failure or functioning) and continuous ones (e.g., renewable energy outputs). Existing PEF analysis works cannot completely deal with time-variant multiform uncertainties featured with different mathematical characteristics. This limitation hinders the estimation of potential operating risks of the IEGS. To address this, this paper proposes a generalized framework for analyzing the probabilistic energy flow of the IEGS considering multiform uncertainties. Firstly, both time-varying random working states and variable outputs of components are represented as probabilistic models utilizing the <span><math><msub><mi>L</mi><mi>z</mi></msub></math></span>- transform technique. The probabilistic model is composed of some representative states depicting possible realizations of the component's performance and corresponding probabilities. On this basis, the optimal energy flow (OEF) operator is defined to aggregate probabilistic models of different components to determine probabilistic models of energy flows in the IEGS. Furthermore, multidimensional indices are constructed to comprehensively explore the probabilistic features of energy flows and the impact of probabilistic energy flows on the system performance. In this paper, the system performance mainly refers to the energy-serving capability of the IEGS. Specifically, probabilistic distribution characteristics of energy flows are explicitly displayed by relevant expectations, standard deviations as well as skewnesses. Indices such as the nodal expected gas and electricity not supplied are adopted to evaluate the influence of the probabilistic energy flow on the system performance. Numerical studies reveal that energy flows through different pipelines or power lines present diversified statistical characteristics, which indicates that they are influenced by multiform uncertainties to different extents.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34602,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental Research","volume":"5 3","pages":"Pages 1117-1133"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45542639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EcoImprove: Revealing aquatic ecological effects of micropollutant discharge from municipal wastewater treatment plants","authors":"Yaohui Bai ,&nbsp;Qiaojuan Wang ,&nbsp;Hui Lin ,&nbsp;Weiwei Ben ,&nbsp;Zhimin Qiang ,&nbsp;Huijuan Liu ,&nbsp;Min Yang ,&nbsp;Jiuhui Qu","doi":"10.1016/j.fmre.2022.09.034","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fmre.2022.09.034","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Micropollutants (MPs) discharged from municipal wastewater treatment plants are of great environmental concern due to their toxicities to aquatic organisms. Given the knowledge gaps on how MPs affect receiving aquatic ecosystems, we initiated the EcoImprove project to unravel the causal relationship between MP discharge and variation in biocommunity (especially microbial community) composition and function in receiving aquatic ecosystems. After integrating laboratory studies, field investigations, and flume simulation experiments from 2014 to 2021, we investigated how different MPs affect the growth and metabolic function of microbial species, developed several microbial indicators to evaluate the effects of MP discharge on receiving rivers, and evaluated the ecological benefits of municipal wastewater treatment plant upgrade on receiving aquatic ecosystems. Here, we summarize the main outcomes of the EcoImprove project and propose future research plans to deepen our understanding of the ecological impacts of anthropogenic activity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34602,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental Research","volume":"5 3","pages":"Pages 1107-1110"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46137505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}