Fundamental Research最新文献

{"title":"Cross-modal communication technology: A survey","authors":"Xin Wei ,&nbsp;Dan Wu ,&nbsp;Liang Zhou ,&nbsp;Mohsen Guizani","doi":"10.1016/j.fmre.2023.08.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fmre.2023.08.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the 5G era and beyond, multi-modal services that integrate audio, visual, and haptic signals are expected to become dominant applications. To support multi-modal services, the concept of cross-modal communications, which involves collaborative audio-visual and haptic interactions, has emerged. Despite significant research about cross-modal communication technology being conducted, a comprehensive literature review on this topic is lacking. To fill this gap, this paper presents a detailed survey on cross-modal communication technology. First, it provides a highly summarized description of representative research attempts in audio-visual and haptic communications, which serve as the foundation for cross-modal communications. Then, it delves into various aspects of cross-modal communications, including architectural, cross-modal coding, cross-modal transmission, cross-modal signal reconstruction, the essence of semantics, and prototype systems. Finally, it discusses conclusions and future research directions. This paper is expected to promote the theoretical research and practical applications of cross-modal communications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34602,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental Research","volume":"5 5","pages":"Pages 2256-2267"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135248767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Under-reporting potential of inoxidizable nitrogenous organic compounds in assessing organic pollution of waters: Underlying mechanisms","authors":"Zhouyan Li ,&nbsp;Jinxing Ma ,&nbsp;Ruobin Dai ,&nbsp;Yuxiang He ,&nbsp;Wei Shi ,&nbsp;Zhiwei Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.fmre.2023.06.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fmre.2023.06.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accurate assessment of organic pollution plays a vital role in environmental protection, administration, and legislation. Methodology involving the evaluation of dichromate-based chemical oxygen demand (COD_Cr) has been widely used for assessing organic pollution in water due to convenience, simplicity, and repeatability. Some nitrogenous organic compounds exhibit very low COD_Cr / theoretical oxygen demand (ThOD) ratios, which are termed inoxidizable nitrogenous organic compounds (INOCs) in this study. However, not much attention has been paid to their ubiquitous presence and intrinsic properties. Here, we aimed to determine the under-reporting potential of INOCs when assessing organic water pollution via COD_Cr and reveal the mechanisms underlying such under-reporting. COD_Cr reported only 0%–20% of the theoretical values of short-chain organic amines and pyridine derivatives, thereby posing severe challenges to both the treatment and reclamation of wastewater. Density functional theory calculations revealed that the use of dichromate-based transformation of INOCs to highly stable protonated/ionic forms under acidic conditions may lead to incomplete reactions, resulting in a significant under-reporting potential of INOCs. Our results may serve as a basis for governments, industries, and other stakeholders to respond more effectively to challenges posed by INOCs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34602,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental Research","volume":"5 5","pages":"Pages 2180-2186"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"54681305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Progress in exosome-related research supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China","authors":"Yuanyi Wang ,&nbsp;Qiwei Yang ,&nbsp;Dong Fang ,&nbsp;Li Sun ,&nbsp;Lei Zheng ,&nbsp;Dou Dou","doi":"10.1016/j.fmre.2023.05.018","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fmre.2023.05.018","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Exosomes are characterized as extracellular vesicles (EVs) ranging from 30-150 nm in diameter that widely exist in body fluids, tissues and organs and are important intercellular communicators. Since their discovery in 1983, exosomes' unique properties have drawn undistracted attention for 40 years. Particularly during the past decade, exosomes have become a research hotspot worldwide. The National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) is one of the most important funding agencies for basic research in China. Since its first-ever application in 2008, the NSFC has launched 3,144 projects related to exosomes, which has contributed to elevating the research and cultivating talent in this field. Exosome research supported by the NSFC has diversified into several main research directions to meet the needs of different disciplines through basic and translational studies. In this study, we review exosome-related applications and funded projects of the NSFC to provide an outline of exosome research progress in China, aiming to increase awareness and inspire innovative research related to exosomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34602,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental Research","volume":"5 5","pages":"Pages 2318-2329"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41820107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global photosynthetic capacity jointly determined by enzyme kinetics and eco-evo-environmental drivers","authors":"Zhengbing Yan ,&nbsp;Matteo Detto ,&nbsp;Zhengfei Guo ,&nbsp;Nicholas G. Smith ,&nbsp;Han Wang ,&nbsp;Loren P. Albert ,&nbsp;Xiangtao Xu ,&nbsp;Ziyu Lin ,&nbsp;Shuwen Liu ,&nbsp;Yingyi Zhao ,&nbsp;Shuli Chen ,&nbsp;Timothy C. Bonebrake ,&nbsp;Jin Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.fmre.2023.12.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fmre.2023.12.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accurate understanding of global photosynthetic capacity (i.e. maximum RuBisCO carboxylation rate, <em>V</em>_{c, max}) variability is critical for improved simulations of terrestrial ecosystem photosynthesis metabolisms and carbon cycles with climate change, but a holistic understanding and assessment remains lacking. Here we hypothesized that <em>V</em>_{c, max} was dictated by both factors of temperature-associated enzyme kinetics (capturing instantaneous ecophysiological responses) and the amount of activated RuBisCO (indexed by <em>V</em>_{c, max} standardized at 25 ℃, <em>V</em>_{c, max25}), and compiled a comprehensive global dataset (<em>n</em> = 7339 observations from 428 sites) for hypothesis testing. The photosynthesis data were derived from leaf gas exchange measurements using portable gas exchange systems. We found that a semi-empirical statistical model considering both factors explained 78% of global <em>V</em>_{c, max} variability, followed by 55% explained by enzyme kinetics alone. This statistical model outperformed the current theoretical optimality model for predicting global <em>V</em>_{c, max} variability (67%), primarily due to its poor characterization on global <em>V</em>_{c, max25} variability (3%). Further, we demonstrated that, in addition to climatic variables, belowground resource constraint on photosynthetic machinery built-up that directly structures the biogeography of <em>V</em>_{c, max25} was a key missing mechanism for improving the theoretical modelling of global <em>V</em>_{c, max} variability. These findings improve the mechanistic understanding of global <em>V</em>_{c, max} variability and provide an important basis to benchmark process-based models of terrestrial photosynthesis and carbon cycling under climate change.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34602,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental Research","volume":"5 5","pages":"Pages 2062-2072"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145183446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparing vorticity and curvature Rossby numbers","authors":"Chuanyin Wang ,&nbsp;Rui Xin Huang ,&nbsp;Dake Chen ,&nbsp;Qinghua Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.fmre.2025.03.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fmre.2025.03.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In ocean dynamics, there is often a need to measure the point-by-point significance of the nonlinear term compared with the Coriolis term in the momentum equations. The bulk Rossby number (i.e., <span><math><mfrac><mi>U</mi><mrow><mi>f</mi><mi>L</mi></mrow></mfrac></math></span>) does not meet this need, which necessitates the proposal for the pointwise Rossby number. Conventionally, two different formulations are used to represent the pointwise Rossby number approximately. One is the vorticity Rossby number defined as the ratio of the relative vorticity to the planetary vorticity (i.e., <span><math><mfrac><mi>ζ</mi><mi>f</mi></mfrac></math></span>), and the other is the curvature Rossby number formulated as the ratio of the curvature vorticity to the planetary vorticity (i.e., <span><math><mfrac><msub><mi>ζ</mi><mrow><mi>c</mi><mi>u</mi><mi>r</mi><mi>v</mi></mrow></msub><mi>f</mi></mfrac></math></span>). It remains unknown which approximate representation is more accurate. Here we compare their accuracies on the basis of theoretical and data analysis. The vorticity Rossby number is found to overestimate the pointwise nonlinearity of oceanic flows due to its neglect of the spatial variation of the kinetic energy. The curvature Rossby number is shown to intrinsically consider the kinetic energy term; thus, it is more accurate and useful for diagnosing and understanding the nonlinearity of ocean circulation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34602,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental Research","volume":"5 5","pages":"Pages 2142-2148"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145183535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of resource availability and conformity effect on sustainability of common-pool resources","authors":"Chengyi Tu ,&nbsp;Renfei Chen ,&nbsp;Xuwei Pan ,&nbsp;Ying Fan ,&nbsp;Jianfeng Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.fmre.2024.10.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fmre.2024.10.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sustainability of common-pool resources hinges on the interplay between human and environmental systems. However, there is still a lack of a novel and comprehensive framework for modelling extraction of common-pool resources and cooperation of human agents that can account for different factors that shape the system behavior and outcomes. In particular, we still lack a critical value for ensuring resource sustainability under different scenarios. In this paper, we present a novel framework for studying resource extraction and cooperation in human-environmental systems for common-pool resources. We use microscopic update based on agent-based modelling and macroscopic ordinary differential equation based on game theory to explore how different factors influence the players’ decisions and the resource outcomes. These factors include resource availability, which accounts the environmental condition and the collective actions of the players; conformity effect, which captures for the social influence and peer pressure that the players experience; and their balance, which reflects a trade-off between environmental condition and social influence. We identify critical values for ensuring resource sustainability under various scenarios and parameter configurations. We demonstrate the observed phenomena are robust to the complexity and assumptions of the models and discuss implications of our study for policy and practice, as well as the limitations and directions for future research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34602,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental Research","volume":"5 5","pages":"Pages 2309-2317"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145183684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intranasal delivery of rotigotine to the brain for treating Parkinson’s disease","authors":"Dandan Kou ,&nbsp;Keyang Xu ,&nbsp;Jiahui Yin ,&nbsp;Ning Wang ,&nbsp;Ruru Zhang ,&nbsp;Jianfeng Zeng ,&nbsp;Mingyuan Gao","doi":"10.1016/j.fmre.2025.02.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fmre.2025.02.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The development of sustainable and non-invasive method for delivering drugs to the brain is crucial for the effective treatment of Parkinson’s disease (PD). In this study, nanoparticles were formulated by using poly (ethylene glycol)-block-poly (propylene glycol)-block-poly (ethylene glycol) (PEG-<em>b</em>-PPG-<em>b</em>-PEG) to facilitate an efficient intranasal delivery of rotigotine directly into the brain. It was found that the intranasal route enabled more effective accumulation of rotigotine in the brain than conventional intravenous administration, demonstrating its feasibility as an innovative delivery approach for PD treatment. Furthermore, the behavioral test, brain histology and immunochemistry analyses demonstrated a significant improvement in the symptoms of PD-like neurodegeneration in mice treated with intranasally delivered rotigotine-loaded nanoparticles. These outcomes affirm an outstanding therapeutic efficacy of the nano-formulation for intranasal delivery, highlighting its potential for the effective treatment of neurodegenerative disorders, particularly PD.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34602,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental Research","volume":"5 5","pages":"Pages 1911-1919"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145183915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nonreciprocal entanglement in cavity magnomechanics exploiting chiral cavity-magnon coupling","authors":"Zhiyuan Fan,&nbsp;Xuan Zuo,&nbsp;Haotian Li,&nbsp;Jie Li","doi":"10.1016/j.fmre.2025.02.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fmre.2025.02.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We propose a new mechanism to achieve nonreciprocal quantum entanglement in a cavity magnomechanical system by exploiting the chiral cavity-magnon coupling. The system consists of a magnon mode, a mechanical vibration mode, and two degenerate counter-propagating microwave cavity modes in a torus-shaped cavity. We show that nonreciprocal stationary microwave-magnon and -phonon bipartite entanglements and photon-magnon-phonon tripartite entanglement can be achieved by respectively driving different circulating cavity modes that hold a chiral coupling to the magnon mode. The nonreciprocal entanglements are shown to be robust against various experimental imperfections. We specifically show how such nonreciprocal entanglement can realize the channel multiplexing quantum teleportation from a microwave field to a solid-state magnon mode. The work may find promising applications of the cavity magnomechanical systems in noise-tolerant quantum processing, channel multiplexing quantum teleportation, and chiral magnonic quantum networks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34602,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental Research","volume":"5 5","pages":"Pages 1958-1965"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145183918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detection of the characteristic magnetic signal of paclitaxel and its application in the inhibition of glioma cells","authors":"Yinhui Deng ,&nbsp;Quan Tao ,&nbsp;Qisheng Tang ,&nbsp;Yinlong Liu ,&nbsp;Hui Dong ,&nbsp;Zhifeng Shi ,&nbsp;Xiaoming Xie ,&nbsp;Weiqi Wang ,&nbsp;Liangfu Zhou ,&nbsp;Jinhua Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.fmre.2022.09.036","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fmre.2022.09.036","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Glioma, a type of brain tumor, is one of the most challenging cancers for human beings due to its genetic heterogeneity, high recurrence rate and difficulty of effective treatment. To explore a novel treatment method for glioma, a scientific hypothesis was proposed that a chemical substance or biological agent may generate a characteristic magnetic signal, and this signal is the fundamental reason that the chemical substance or biological agent works for cancer treatment. Based on this hypothesis, a superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) using the stochastic resonance (SR) method was established, and the characteristic magnetic signal of paclitaxel was detected and clearly visualized for the first time. Then, cell experimental results demonstrated that the detected characteristic magnetic signal of paclitaxel was as effective as paclitaxel for the inhibition of glioma cells. Our study suggested that the application of paclitaxel's characteristic magnetic signal might provide an ideal treatment direction for glioma patients due to its lack of side effects, high focusable penetration and effectiveness.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34602,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental Research","volume":"5 5","pages":"Pages 2361-2367"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46651520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inferring scalable productivity-related grassland functional diversity in combination with in-situ leaf spectra and Sentinel-2 data","authors":"Yujin Zhao ,&nbsp;Zhisheng Wu ,&nbsp;Yanping Zhao ,&nbsp;Zhaoju Zheng ,&nbsp;Xiaoming Lu ,&nbsp;Weicheng Sun ,&nbsp;Yang Wang ,&nbsp;Yongfei Bai","doi":"10.1016/j.fmre.2024.01.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fmre.2024.01.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The positive relationships between biodiversity and ecosystem productivity have been broadly recognized in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems, such as grasslands. However, remotely sensed assessment of functional diversity (FD) and its relationships with productivity across large regions are less studied in grasslands. In this study, we first examined the potential of spectral retrieval of 13 leaf functional traits from a species spectra-trait library to complement field measurements across three types of grassland communities in the Xinlingol grassland located in northern China. We then pre-selected the key traits out of 13 functional traits from 1664 plant individuals of 112 species to calculate in-situ productivity-related FD, and explored the multi-scale relationships of single-trait community weighed mean (CWM) and FD index (Rao's quadratic entropy, RaoQ) with ecosystem productivity at plot level (1 m × 1 m) and site level (30 m × 30 m), respectively. Finally, we applied Sentinel-2 satellite data to infer regional FD through statistical relationships with direct spectral association using partial least squares regression (PLSR). With the leaf spectral prediction (cross-validation <em>R</em>²cv = 0.48–0.81) and in-situ measurement, CWM of organic acid detergent fiber (ADF), phosphorus (P), specific leaf area (SLA), chlorophyll (Chl), lignin (Lig) and carbon (C) together with RaoQ of ADF, C, N, Chl, SLA, and calcium (Ca) were selected to explain changes in ecosystem productivity (80%) at the plot level, while CWM of Car, Chl, Lig, NDF, NSC, P, and SLA together with RaoQ of C, SLA and non-structural carbohydrates (NSC) were selected to indicate productivity (94%) at site level. Furthermore, we found the combination of single-trait CWM (60%) outperformed that of RaoQ (34%) in determining ecosystem productivity at the site level compared with their almost equal contributions at plot level. At the regional scale, Sentinel-2 data could be used to infer these selected single-trait CWM and RaoQ values (<em>R</em>²cv = 0.32–0.82) and biomass (<em>R</em>²cv = 0.76), except for CWM and RaoQ of C (<em>R</em>²cv = 0.12–0.18). This study underscores the potential of Sentinel-2 satellite with leaf spectral measurements to monitor grassland functional diversity, informing the linkages between functional diversity and ecosystem functioning at regional scale.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34602,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental Research","volume":"5 5","pages":"Pages 2073-2083"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139825598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}