Fundamental Research最新文献

{"title":"Dynamic interface printing: An innovative acoustically-driven 3D printing technology","authors":"Yue Zheng , Liuyi Lu , Ling Zhu , Xinming Su , Jinwu Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.fmre.2025.02.019","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fmre.2025.02.019","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":34602,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental Research","volume":"6 2","pages":"Pages 1005-1007"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147620807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Harmine ameliorates steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head by modulating metabolism and ferroptosis via HIF1-α","authors":"Wenming Li ,&nbsp;Wei Zhang ,&nbsp;Houyi Sun ,&nbsp;Wenhao Li ,&nbsp;Yi Qin ,&nbsp;Liangliang Wang ,&nbsp;Jiaxiang Bai ,&nbsp;Dechun Geng","doi":"10.1016/j.fmre.2023.08.015","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fmre.2023.08.015","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head (SONFH) often leads to disability in the terminal stage, and there are still no effective drugs for prevention. Harmine (Hm), which is extracted from Peganum harmala L., is a β-carboline alkaloid with a number of biological and pharmacological properties. In this study, we discovered the protective effect of Hm on SONFH in rats. In vitro studies showed that Hm could ameliorate oxidative stress and facilitate osteogenic differentiation in bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), which play an important role in bone development and repair. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that ferroptosis and the HIF1-α pathway played an important role in SONFH pathogenesis. Mechanistically, Hm treatment alleviated ferroptosis by promoting HIF1-α expression in BMSCs. When shHif1a was used to inhibit HIF1-α expression, the protective effects of Hm disappeared. Meanwhile, we further found that Hm intervention promoted HIF1-α expression to increase GSH production and the GSH/GSSG ratio, which further promoted the scavenging of free radicals. In summary, Hm may be a promising candidate for the treatment of SONFH.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34602,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental Research","volume":"6 2","pages":"Pages 797-809"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139025854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Altered soil nitrogen retention by grassland acidification from near-neutral to acidic conditions: A plant-soil-microbe perspective","authors":"Baitao Gu ,&nbsp;Ruzhen Wang ,&nbsp;Jordi Sardans ,&nbsp;Josep Peñuelas ,&nbsp;Xingguo Han ,&nbsp;Yong Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.fmre.2023.10.025","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fmre.2023.10.025","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Grassland ecosystems are facing soil acidification, occurring either rapidly or gradually, alongside the persistent threats of acid deposition and nitrogen (N) pollution. However, the understanding of how grassland soils retain N in response to acidification remains limited, despite its critical importance in providing essential services in these ecosystems. Considering the prevalence of near-neutral or weak-acidic (e.g., pH 6) soils in grasslands worldwide, we aim to predict the pathways through which grassland acidification alters soil N retention. Firstly, as soil fungal proportions increase, the carbon:nitrogen ratios of the microbial community also rise, leading to a downregulation of microbial N uptake and retention. Secondly, grassland acidification weakens the stability of soil organic matter (SOM) by physically and chemically dissolving its components, but also conserves SOM by hindering biological mineralization, thereby enhancing N retention. Thirdly, acidification damages 2:1 clay minerals and causes occupation of exchangeable positions by H⁺, liberating fixed ammonium and subsequently attenuating grassland soil N retention. Fourthly, acidification leads to the breakup of macroaggregates, exposing SOM to microbial attack but also compromising microbial habitats and activity, resulting in uncertainty in grassland N retention. Fifthly, dominant plant stress-tolerators allocate more N aboveground as less decomposable defensive metabolites, reducing the risk of N loss during grassland litter degradation. Overall, in future research, it is crucial to focus on anticipating the changes in soil N retention under acidification, highlighting the synergistic or antagonistic interactions among the reviewed grassland modulators/processes, and quantifying the impacts of declined N deposition on grassland soil N retention and cycling, given the current and recent past stable or even declined atmospheric N deposition in many regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34602,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental Research","volume":"6 2","pages":"Pages 944-955"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139634334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microscopic magnetic-field imaging of a single lunar dust grain","authors":"Yibo Yang ,&nbsp;Lin Xing ,&nbsp;Zengrong Zhou ,&nbsp;Yunze Zhou ,&nbsp;Kelei Zhu ,&nbsp;Shiyang Lyu ,&nbsp;Yuqin Wang ,&nbsp;Xu Tang ,&nbsp;Jinhua Li ,&nbsp;Jiandong Feng","doi":"10.1016/j.fmre.2025.12.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fmre.2025.12.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The origin of lunar magnetic anomalies—whether remnants of an ancient core dynamo or impact-induced magnetizations—remains debated due to a critical observational gap linking microscopic magnetic carriers to macroscopic orbital measurements. Conventional measurements lack sufficient spatial resolution or vector information at the sub-particle scales, obscuring the detailed micromagnetic signatures of formative geological events. Here, we report the first microscopic magnetic imaging (MMI) of individual lunar dust grain returned by the Chang’e-5 mission using a custom-designed quantum-sensing-based high-resolution microscopy, which simultaneously satisfies optimized sensitivity at 2.09–3.39 µT·Hz^−1/2, spatial resolution of 2.2 µm and field of view at 1 × 1 mm². Leveraging this, we precisely resolve magnetic field distributions with individual carriers, revealing magnetization processes linked to potential geological events at the sub-particle level. Preliminary quantitative magnetic analyses across these heterogeneous rock types further elucidate the possible historical events occurring at the task sampling site. Our approach enables imaging-based analysis of the magnetism of a single lunar dust grain and offers direct magnetism insights into the historical events from a microscopic perspective.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34602,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental Research","volume":"6 2","pages":"Pages 827-833"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147620758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design strategies for dual-atom and multi-atom catalysts: Unlocking synergistic interactions in carbon-based electrocatalysis","authors":"Xuanni Lin ,&nbsp;Zhengfei Chen ,&nbsp;Zhongjian Li ,&nbsp;Bin Yang ,&nbsp;Qinghua Zhang ,&nbsp;Jianguo Lv ,&nbsp;Lecheng Lei ,&nbsp;Yuanyuan Li ,&nbsp;Raul D. Rodriguez ,&nbsp;Yang Hou","doi":"10.1016/j.fmre.2025.09.016","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fmre.2025.09.016","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Carbon-based heteronuclear diatomic and multi-atomic catalysts (e.g., tri-atomic, quadri-atomic, and penta-atomic systems) have emerged as a promising class of materials capable of overcoming the scaling relationship limitations inherent to single-atom catalysts. These advanced catalysts exhibit unique advantages in catalyzing complex reactions involving multi-intermediate processes and proton-coupled electron transfer, offering enhanced activity, selectivity, and tunability. However, the fundamental interaction mechanisms between heteronuclear sites in dual-atom and multi-atom systems remain poorly understood, hindering their rational design. Moreover, conventional synthesis methods often lead to the aggregation of heteronuclear metal atoms, posing significant challenges for the precise structural control required for electrocatalytic applications in the future. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of recent breakthroughs in the field, focusing on the synergistic coupling interactions between diatomic and multi-atomic sites, emerging catalytic mechanism research methods, innovative synthesis strategies for heteronuclear catalysts, and the integration of high-throughput screening and machine learning with theoretical calculations to accelerate catalyst discovery. By elucidating the underlying principles governing these systems, we aim to establish robust design guidelines for heteronuclear diatomic and multi-atomic catalysts in energy conversion and environmental remediation. Furthermore, this review highlights future directions for unraveling catalytic mechanisms and developing scalable fabrication methods, paving the way for the next generation of advanced electrocatalysts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34602,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental Research","volume":"6 2","pages":"Pages 765-789"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147620762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New opportunities and challenges for nonshedder tumors","authors":"Zifan Li ,&nbsp;Yue He ,&nbsp;Jing Bai ,&nbsp;Hongke Wang ,&nbsp;Kezhong Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.fmre.2025.12.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fmre.2025.12.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cancer remains a leading cause of mortality worldwide. While surgical resection effectively controls localized tumors, postoperative recurrence remains a significant challenge. Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), a key biomarker in liquid biopsy, has garnered considerable attention for its non-invasive nature and high specificity in monitoring cancer recurrence. However, some patients exhibit ctDNA nonshedding characteristics before surgery, and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This review examines the distinctive features of nonshedder tumors, highlighting the influence of tumor stage, metabolic activity, genetic variation, and the tumor microenvironment on ctDNA shedding. Based on these insights, we discuss emerging opportunities and challenges associated with nonshedder tumors and propose directions for future research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34602,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental Research","volume":"6 2","pages":"Pages 1181-1186"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147620878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advancing the science of systemic environmental risk in an era of global change","authors":"Guoqiang Wang ,&nbsp;Shijie Cao ,&nbsp;Jin Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.fmre.2026.01.013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fmre.2026.01.013","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":34602,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental Research","volume":"6 2","pages":"Pages 575-576"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147620613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced surface water-energy coupling on the Tibetan Plateau over the past six decades (1960–2020)","authors":"Kun Yang ,&nbsp;Jing Sun ,&nbsp;Hui Lu ,&nbsp;Kaighin A. McColl ,&nbsp;Yaozhi Jiang ,&nbsp;Qing He","doi":"10.1016/j.fmre.2023.12.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fmre.2023.12.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Long-term changes in surface water and energy budgets on the Tibetan Plateau (TP) are essential for understanding the variability of the Asian summer monsoon and water resources. The water budget and energy budget are inherently coupled, and in this study evaporative fraction (EF, the proportion of the surface available energy used for evapotranspiration) is used to quantify their coupling strength and simultaneously study its response to climate change in the TP. A so-called ‘surface flux equilibrium’ (SFE) method that uses only air temperature and humidity as inputs to estimate EF is evaluated and adopted for understanding EF variability in the TP during the warm season of the past six decades (1960–2020). The results show an overall increase in EF of the TP, but this increase is not uniform, instead comprising three distinct stages of change, i.e., little change until the 1980s, a significant increase in the next two decades, and a slight but insignificant decrease in the last two decades. Accordingly, evapotranspiration has undergone similar decadal changes over this period. More importantly, there is a spatial pattern of the response to climate change, showing a stronger enhancement of EF in the west TP than in the east TP during 1979–2020. This response pattern shows a weakened contrast in the surface water cycle between the dry west and the wet east TP. The enhanced coupling and diminished spatial contrast may provide a perspective for understanding spatiotemporal changes in environment and ecology. Finally, it is worth pointing out that given the simplicity of the SFE method, it is expected that it can be applied in climate-sensitive regions outside the TP.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34602,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental Research","volume":"6 2","pages":"Pages 956-962"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139395750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Shedding light on the role of extracellular vesicles in renal fibrosis","authors":"Tao-Tao Tang ,&nbsp;Yi-Lin Zhang ,&nbsp;Steven D. Crowley ,&nbsp;Lin-Li Lv ,&nbsp;Bi-Cheng Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.fmre.2023.12.022","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fmre.2023.12.022","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Renal fibrosis is the final common pathway of chronic kidney disease (CKD); thus, preventing the fibrotic process is essential to retarding CKD progression. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are cell-derived membranous particles comprising exosomes and microvesicles. They carry unique biomolecular cargo from donor to recipient cells and are recognized as a novel mechanism for intercellular communication. There is evidence that EV-mediated cellular crosstalk across the glomerular and tubulointerstitial regions potently participates in the pathogenesis of renal fibrosis. Moreover, due to their outstanding stability and delivery capacity in the body, EVs also show tremendous promise in the diagnosis and treatment of kidney diseases, ushering in a new era of precision theranostics. In this review, we discuss the pathological functions of EVs and highlight the applications of EVs as biomarkers, standalone therapeutics, and novel drug delivery systems for renal fibrosis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34602,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental Research","volume":"6 2","pages":"Pages 1161-1170"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139879003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Incoherent feedforward loop dominates the robustness and tunability of necroptosis biphasic, emergent, and coexistent dynamics","authors":"Fei Xu ,&nbsp;Xiang Li ,&nbsp;Rui Wu ,&nbsp;Hong Qi ,&nbsp;Jun Jin ,&nbsp;Zhilong Liu ,&nbsp;Yuning Wu ,&nbsp;Hai Lin ,&nbsp;Chuansheng Shen ,&nbsp;Jianwei Shuai","doi":"10.1016/j.fmre.2024.02.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fmre.2024.02.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Biphasic dynamics, the variable-dependent ability to enhance or restrain biological function, is prevalent in natural systems. Accompanied by biphasic dynamics, necroptosis signaling also appears emergent and coexistent dynamics. However, it remains elusive how the properties of these dynamics are characterized by specific circuit structures and components. Starting with necroptosis circuit modeling, we systematically analyzed the network topology for achieving RIP1-dependent biphasic, emergent, and coexistent (BEC) dynamics. RIP1-RIP3-Caspase-8 (C8) incoherent feedforward loop embedded with positive feedback of RIP3 to RIP1 is identified as the core topology. The peak value of RIP3 phosphorylation is determined to present a scale-invariant feature, dictating BEC dynamics and the bell-shaped regulation of necroptosis biphasic dynamics. To quantitatively determine the uncertainty of necroptosis coexistent dynamics, potential landscape and Shannon entropy that measure entropy production during cell death are introduced for the first time. Further random necroptosis circuit analysis identifies the bell-shaped regulation of necroptosis biphasic dynamics by RIP3 auto-phosphorylation, which acts as a complementary process for robustly attaining BEC dynamics. Finally, we searched all possible two- and three-node circuit topologies to screen those that could perform BEC dynamics. A complete atlas of three-node circuit BEC dynamics is generated and only three minimal circuits emerge as robust solutions, confirming incoherent feedforward loop is the core topology. Analysis of the association between the minimal circuit structure and robustness proves that the identified optimal functional achievement structure is highly consistent with the experimental observed RIP1-RIP3-C8 topology. Overall, through highlighting a finite set of circuits, this study yields guiding principles that enable the mapping, modulation, and design of circuits for BEC dynamics in diverse synthetic biology applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34602,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental Research","volume":"6 2","pages":"Pages 691-704"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140092810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}