Fundamental Research最新文献

{"title":"How a healthy lifestyle mediates socioeconomic inequities in healthy ageing and life expectancies: A 20-year cohort of older adults","authors":"Jinhui Zhou,&nbsp;Haibin Li,&nbsp;Changfa Xia,&nbsp;Wenhui Shi,&nbsp;Jun Wang,&nbsp;Chen Chen,&nbsp;Virginia Byers Kraus,&nbsp;John S. Ji,&nbsp;Yuebin Lv,&nbsp;Wanqing Chen,&nbsp;Xiaoming Shi","doi":"10.1016/j.fmre.2025.10.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fmre.2025.10.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lower socioeconomic status (SES) is associated with various adverse health outcomes, but its association with healthy ageing is less known, and whether adherence to a healthy lifestyle at late-life years can reduce socioeconomic disparities in health requires further investigation. In a 20-year cohort of 33,541 older adults aged ≥65 years across 23 provinces in China, we investigated socioeconomic disparities in mortality and unhealthy ageing considering physical, cognitive, mental, visual, and hearing functions, and evaluated whether adherence to a healthy lifestyle at late-life years can reduce these health disparities. We categorized SES into low, medium, or high using latent class analysis based on education level, financial status, and occupation, and established the healthy lifestyle score by never smoking, no heavy alcohol consumption, regular physical and leisure activity, and a healthy diet. Compared with older adults of high SES, those of low SES had increased risks of all-cause mortality and unhealthy ageing, with adjusted hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of 1.25 (1.17, 1.33) and 1.46 (1.33, 1.60), respectively. Overall, a healthy lifestyle mediated 20.5% (16.4, 24.7) and 16.4% (12.0, 20.9) of socioeconomic inequity in all-cause mortality and unhealthy ageing, respectively. In low, medium, and high SES subpopulations, the healthiest lifestyle group had 3.18 (2.69, 3.67), 3.76 (2.85, 4.67), and 5.65 (3.75, 7.55) more years of total life expectancy, and 1.40 (1.06, 1.74), 2.73 (2.09, 3.37), and 3.90 (2.64, 5.16) more years of healthy life expectancy at age 65, respectively, compared to the least healthy group. The findings underscored the urgent need for tailored, accessible interventions in low-SES populations to mitigate health inequities and reinforced the importance of healthy lifestyle promotion, even at late-life years, for healthy ageing and longevity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34602,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental Research","volume":"6 5","pages":"Pages 3479-3490"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149056458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modulation of nociceptive nerve activity as a novel therapeutic strategy in acute myeloid leukemia","authors":"Honglin Duan,&nbsp;Pujiao Li,&nbsp;Linmin Zhang,&nbsp;Yanling Lv,&nbsp;Meng Yang,&nbsp;Yicheng He,&nbsp;Shangda Yang,&nbsp;Shihong Lu,&nbsp;Tao Cheng,&nbsp;Hui Cheng","doi":"10.1016/j.fmre.2026.03.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fmre.2026.03.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Emerging evidence has highlighted a critical role of the neuro-microenvironment in regulating hematopoiesis and hematologic malignancies. However, how malignant cells remodel the neural compartment and how these neural changes in turn influence disease progression remain poorly understood. In this study, we mapped the spatial distribution of sympathetic (TH⁺) and nociceptive (CGRP⁺) nerve fibers in the bone marrow and spleen under steady-state conditions and during acute myeloid leukemia (AML) using immunofluorescence imaging. We found that AML induces a reduction of nerve fiber density at the early stage of AML and that leukemic cells preferentially accumulate in neural-sparse regions. Functional investigations revealed that pharmacological ablation of nociceptive nerves via capsaicin accelerated leukemic progression and disrupted stressed hematopoiesis. Conversely, activation of nociceptive nerves by dietary capsaicin delayed AML onset and improved overall survival. Further mechanistic investigation revealed that the CGRP–RAMP1 axis inhibits leukemia progression by suppressing the TNF-α pathway in AML cells. These findings highlight the anti-leukemic role of nociceptive nerves and suggest therapeutic potential for neural modulation in AML.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34602,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental Research","volume":"6 5","pages":"Pages 3507-3518"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149056552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Extraterrestrial amino acids evolve differently in asteroid Bennu and Ryugu: Possible mechanisms and future perspectives","authors":"Yamei Li,&nbsp;Norio Kitadai,&nbsp;Jinfei Yu,&nbsp;Pengfei Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.fmre.2026.05.016","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fmre.2026.05.016","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":34602,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental Research","volume":"6 5","pages":"Pages 2767-2771"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149056519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A review of systematic environmental risks across the life cycle of lithium resources: Identification, assessment, and sustainable governance strategies","authors":"Canyang Chen,&nbsp;Mengyu Zhai,&nbsp;Wei Huan,&nbsp;Jianghao Ding,&nbsp;Yufeng Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.fmre.2026.04.021","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fmre.2026.04.021","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Driven by the global energy transition, lithium demand has surged dramatically, yet the full life cycle of this critical resource embodies a fundamental green paradox: decarbonization technologies rely on extraction and processing activities associated with severe and interconnected environmental burdens. Through systemic bibliometric analysis of 389 peer-reviewed studies, this review identifies three core systemic risk characteristics: upstream path dependency (hydrological stress in brine extraction; high carbon intensity and solid waste in hard-rock mining); downstream recycling system failure (secondary pollution from mainstream technologies and the proliferation of informal recycling); and cross-regional spatial transfer of environmental costs along the global supply chain. In response to these interconnected challenges, this study constructs a coordinated governance framework integrating technology, policy, and management dimensions. The framework proposes differentiated governance paths tailored to specific lithium sources and life cycle stages, coupled with market-based instruments to internalize environmental and social costs. This research aims to provide a pragmatic, systems-level resolution to the “green paradox,” ensuring that the global energy transition rests on a genuinely sustainable foundation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34602,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental Research","volume":"6 5","pages":"Pages 3200-3213"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149056054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding the regulatory mechanisms of nanomaterials on carbon metabolism in plants","authors":"Xing Zhang,&nbsp;Xuejiao Zhang,&nbsp;Zhan Ban,&nbsp;Jason C. White,&nbsp;Yuze Xu,&nbsp;Jingjing Yang,&nbsp;Xinran Hou,&nbsp;Fengchang Wu,&nbsp;Baoshan Xing,&nbsp;Qing Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.fmre.2026.04.023","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fmre.2026.04.023","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Agricultural nanotechnology offers innovative strategies to enhance crop productivity by modulating fundamental physiological processes in plants. Despite growing evidence that nanomaterials (NMs) can significantly promote crop growth, a standardized theoretical framework explaining the underlying mechanisms remains elusive. This review proposes a systematic framework to elucidate how NMs positively regulate plant carbon assimilation and partitioning to ultimately enhance crop yield. We categorize internal carbon flow into three interconnected modules:(1) inorganic-organic carbon inter-conversion (photosynthesis and respiration), (2) organic carbon intra-conversion (sucrose and starch metabolism, alongside amino acid and fatty acid metabolism), and (3) supporting metabolic processes (nitrogen and secondary metabolism) that supply essential substrates and energy. To enhance carbon assimilation, NMs must be strategically selected to improve photosynthetic light conversion efficiency, electron transport, and enzyme activities, promote fatty acid metabolism, and bolster the glutamine synthetase-glutamate synthase (GS-GOGAT) cycle in nitrogen metabolism. Furthermore, NMs can modulate root exudates and reshape the structure and function of the rhizosphere microbiome, which in turn establishes a feedback loop that influences plant carbon assimilation and partitioning. This review also addresses the critical trade-offs between the economic potential and environmental risks of NMs, providing essential insights for their sustainable implementation in agriculture. Collectively, it provides a mechanistic framework for understanding NMs-plant interactions, paving the way for the rational design of nano-agricultural tools for sustainable yield improvement.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34602,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental Research","volume":"6 5","pages":"Pages 2974-2985"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149056437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interfacial spin configurations and the microscopic origin of exchange bias at the IrMn/CoFeB interface","authors":"Jiahao Liu,&nbsp;Xingtai Chen,&nbsp;Jiaqi Lu,&nbsp;Weixiang Li,&nbsp;Zhaochun Liu,&nbsp;Yongzhuo Zhang,&nbsp;Peter Bencok,&nbsp;Paul Steadman,&nbsp;Wenqing Liu,&nbsp;Weisheng Zhao,&nbsp;Shouzhong Peng","doi":"10.1016/j.fmre.2026.01.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fmre.2026.01.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Exchange bias fields at antiferromagnet/ferromagnet (AFM/FM) interfaces play a crucial role in the performance of spintronic devices. Despite extensive research, the physical origin of exchange bias remains incompletely understood. In this study, we conduct a detailed investigation of a prototype AFM/FM interface widely used in spintronic applications, i.e., the IrMn/CoFeB interface. High-resolution synchrotron X-ray measurements reveal the existence of uncompensated Mn spins at the interface. While most of these spins are strongly coupled to the adjacent CoFeB layer, a small fraction remains pinned to the underlying IrMn underlayer. Element-specific X-ray magnetic circular dichroism hysteresis loops show that these pinned spins can be switched by increasing the annealing magnetic field. Furthermore, micromagnetic simulations indicate that an imbalance in the quantity of antiparallel pinned spins contributes to the observed variation in exchange bias. Overall, these findings offer important insights into the microscopic mechanisms governing exchange bias and its tunability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34602,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental Research","volume":"6 5","pages":"Pages 2891-2897"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149056445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intraoperative temporal interference (TI)-noninvasive brain stimulation prevents postoperative delirium in mice","authors":"Lei Liu,&nbsp;Ye Wang,&nbsp;Hui Wang,&nbsp;Huimin Wu,&nbsp;Rou Xue,&nbsp;Xinxin Zhang,&nbsp;Jingsheng Tang,&nbsp;Zhouwei Wang,&nbsp;Tingting Gu,&nbsp;Dan Wang,&nbsp;Jiannan Li,&nbsp;Huiming Li,&nbsp;Sa Wang,&nbsp;Jinghao Wang,&nbsp;Yi Zeng,&nbsp;Haixing Zhong,&nbsp;Guangchao Zhao,&nbsp;Hailong Dong","doi":"10.1016/j.fmre.2025.08.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fmre.2025.08.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Postoperative delirium (POD), a common neurocognitive complication in the early postoperative period associated with high morbidity in elderly and high-risk surgical patients, faces fundamental research constraints due to the lack of quantitative rodent behavioral assessment tools, hindering therapeutic innovation. Herein, we employed a 3D-AI animal behavior analysis system to evaluate spontaneous behaviors in mice post laparotomy surgery with isoflurane anesthesia. Mice exhibited apathy, bradykinesia, inflexible motion, and abnormal behavioral transitions at the 3-day after surgery. Based on unsupervised clustering and manifold analysis, we then quantized the dynamic alteration of comprehensive behavioral phenotypes in fear conditioning test. The cued memory, cognitive flexibility, and cognitive robustness were also impaired after surgery. Furthermore, we developed a novel intraoperative temporal interference-noninvasive brain stimulation (TI-NIBS), inducing a stereo-focusing electric field targeting the dentate gyrus of dorsal hippocampus, which significantly mitigated POD symptoms by restoring hippocampal neural activity and neurotransmitter homeostasis. This study elucidates a comprehensive behavioral profile of POD symptoms and provides a therapeutic non-invasive neuro-modulatory strategy to prevent POD by restoring hippocampal function.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34602,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental Research","volume":"6 5","pages":"Pages 3395-3407"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149056457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Self-powered technologies for smart bearings","authors":"Likun Gong,&nbsp;Zhi Zhang,&nbsp;Ruifei Luan,&nbsp;Yuan Feng,&nbsp;Mang Gao,&nbsp;Chi Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.fmre.2025.04.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fmre.2025.04.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As industrial equipment becomes increasingly complex and efficient, smart bearings play a crucial role in monitoring the operating status of mechanical devices, improving efficiency, and extending service life. To achieve long-term stable operation of smart bearings and avoid the issues associated with replacing and maintaining traditional batteries, self-powered technologies have become a research hotspot in recent years. Self-powered smart bearings collect mechanical energy, vibrational energy, thermal energy, and other forms of energy from the surrounding environment and convert them into electrical energy, driving embedded sensors or functioning as self-powered sensors themselves. This enables real-time monitoring of bearing conditions and data transmission. Although significant progress has been made in self-powered technologies, comprehensive reviews that summarize self-powered technologies in the field of smart bearings and provide guidance for future development are still scarce. To fill this gap, this review summarizes five main energy harvesting methods for self-powered smart bearings: electromagnetic generation, piezoelectric generation, thermoelectric generation, triboelectric generation, and tribovoltaic generation technologies. By analyzing the principles, structures, and performances of each technology, this paper explores their applicability and potential in smart bearings and forecasts the future development direction of self-powered technologies for smart bearings. This review provides a reference for the design and application of smart bearings and promotes the widespread use of self-powered smart bearings in industrial equipment health management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34602,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental Research","volume":"6 5","pages":"Pages 3129-3146"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149056544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An aerogel-based light-driven knudsen pump approaching complete passive capturing of airborne particles in wide size ranges","authors":"Yi-Bo Zhao,&nbsp;Tingting Wu,&nbsp;Céline Heimhofer,&nbsp;Natascha Heppeler,&nbsp;Min Gao,&nbsp;Tianyu Cen,&nbsp;Fabian Weyand,&nbsp;Christian Ludwig,&nbsp;Shanyu Zhao,&nbsp;Jing Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.fmre.2025.04.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fmre.2025.04.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Aerosol sampling stands as an essential step in air quality monitoring and characterization. Active sampling provides accurate aerosol determination, while passive sampling offers cost-effective and power supply-free design. However, passive sampling is subject to sampling conditions and brings about uncertainties concerning particle sizes and flow rates, and collection efficiencies, which requires calibration assisted by active samplings. In this work, we presented a polyimide (PI) aerogel-based passive sampler operating in a flow-through and active-sampling mode without artificial power supply, generating a gas flow rate in the range of mL min^-1 cm^-2 (volume flow rate/surface area of PI aerogel) or cm min^-1, induced by light-driven thermal transpiration effects. It demonstrated a remarkably high collection efficiency of airborne particles approaching 100% in the particle range of 10 nm–10 µm, enabling the calibration-free sampling of airborne particles without requiring an additional power supply. We explored the effects of light intensity and pore size on the sampling performance, establishing a relationship between temperature gradient and flow rate. An analysis of the distribution and penetration of NaCl particles and real-world particles was conducted at the micrometer level, which exhibits a main penetration depth of &lt; 100 µm. With further modifications and scaling-up of the PI aerogel passive sampler for ambient applications, it holds great potential to function independently for sampling and analysis of water-soluble airborne compounds (e.g. Mg and Fe) and promote the extensive and cost-effective air quality monitoring and control.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34602,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental Research","volume":"6 5","pages":"Pages 3241-3250"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149056549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Triton as an archetype for icy ocean worlds: Key scientific drivers for future exploration","authors":"Chi Wang,&nbsp;Hui Li,&nbsp;Yuxian Wang,&nbsp;Jiansen He,&nbsp;Jihua Hao,&nbsp;Ranran Liu,&nbsp;Jiaqi Li,&nbsp;Bingkun Yu,&nbsp;Hui Huang,&nbsp;Weiyi Zheng","doi":"10.1016/j.fmre.2026.07.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fmre.2026.07.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ocean worlds (a subset of icy satellites) are among the most promising targets in the search for extraterrestrial habitability and biosignatures. Triton stands out due to its capture from the Kuiper Belt, geological activity, and potential subsurface ocean. This article reviews global efforts in icy satellite exploration and identifies three key scientific themes for Triton: Subsurface Ocean and Habitability, Extent of Interior-Surface-Atmosphere Coupling, and Dynamic Space Environment. We assess the current state of knowledge and highlight critical unresolved questions for future missions. By analyzing the Neptune-Triton system and emerging trends in planetary exploration, we propose scientific investigations and recommendations for future exploration of Triton. Payload requirements are outlined to investigate Triton’s potential habitability, subsurface ocean, atmosphere, and surrounding space environment. A comprehensive, multi-instrument, and potentially multi-platform approach is essential to achieve transformative discoveries. This synthesis provides a scientific framework to guide future exploration, particularly informing the planning of China’s upcoming deep space missions to ocean worlds.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34602,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental Research","volume":"6 5","pages":"Pages 2803-2811"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149056550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}