Fundamental Research最新文献

{"title":"Direct monitoring of reaction intermediates through in situ characterization to promote the selectivity of N-integrated electrocatalytic CO2 reduction","authors":"Zhixuan Chen ,&nbsp;Ying Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.fmre.2023.03.019","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fmre.2023.03.019","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Energy-intensive chemical manufacturing is one of the largest contributors to global CO₂ emissions. With the vigorous development of renewable energy, the electrocatalytic CO₂ reduction reaction (CO₂RR) has become a sustainable technology for recycling. To broaden the variety of products, the N-integrated electrocatalytic CO₂RR (N<img>CO₂RR) constructs a new element conversion pathway by introducing nitrogen upon CO₂RR. However, the product selectivity of N<img>CO₂RR is still very low, which seriously restricts its practical application. In recent years, an increasing amount of research has focused on upgrading the performance of N<img>CO₂RR. Accurate understanding of its catalytic mechanism, that is, obtaining online information about reaction intermediates by in situ characterization techniques, can guide the optimization of electrocatalytic systems. Currently, this method makes great contributions in the field of electrocatalysis, including N<img>CO₂RR mechanism research. This review briefly summarizes the research status and existing reaction intermediates of N<img>CO₂RR and explains how the investigation of intermediates can improve electrocatalytic selectivity. Meanwhile, the application of in situ characterization techniques for analyzing different types of intermediates in N<img>CO₂RR and its related fields are emphasized in this review. The significant value of these technologies in revealing electrocatalytic mechanisms can help improve electrocatalytic selectivity, allowing for future optimization of N<img>CO₂RR.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34602,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental Research","volume":"5 4","pages":"Pages 1451-1463"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44619936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stem cell-derived small extracellular vesicles containing miR-27b-3p attenuated osteoarthritis through inhibition of leukaemia inhibitory factor","authors":"Xiaoguang Zhang ,&nbsp;Wei Chen ,&nbsp;Shenghui Lan ,&nbsp;Yuxiang Hu ,&nbsp;Hongxin Pei ,&nbsp;Zhili He ,&nbsp;Zhipeng Dai ,&nbsp;Yulong Wei ,&nbsp;Zhenxing Wang ,&nbsp;Qinyu Ma ,&nbsp;Fenfei Zhao ,&nbsp;Juan Wang ,&nbsp;Zengwu Shao ,&nbsp;Yong Liu ,&nbsp;Shuhua Yang ,&nbsp;Hongtao Tian ,&nbsp;Wei Tong","doi":"10.1016/j.fmre.2023.02.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fmre.2023.02.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) have been demonstrated to be an effective Cell-Free Therapy in the treatment of OA, but the precise target cells and response mechanisms are not well characterised. In this study, first, we found that intra-articular injection of human umbilical cord MSC (UCMSC)-derived sEVs (U-sEVs) significantly alleviated mouse OA. Then, U-sEVs were taken up rapidly and preferentially by fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs) as well as cartilage superficial layer cells (SFCs) in a mouse model. Furthermore, significant increase in miR-27b-3p in those two cell types after U-sEV treatment was found by miRNA sequencing, identifying miR-27b-3p as a key cargo of U-sEVs. Bioinformatics and luciferase reporter found that leukaemia inhibitory factor (LIF) is the target gene of miR-27b-3p. Later, single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) and RNA-sequencing revealed that LIF could directly induce synovitis and cartilage erosion, possibly by promoting proinflammatory cytokine and MMPs expression. Based on this, miR-27b-3p-overexpressing U-sEVs inhibit the expression of LIF in both FLSs and SFCs, and accordingly exhibited stronger effects in mitigating synovitis, cartilage degeneration and OA progression compared to control U-sEVs. In conclusion, our results revealed that U-sEVs containing miR-27b-3p play a dominant role in relieving OA, largely by targeting LIF expression in FLSs and SFCs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34602,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental Research","volume":"5 4","pages":"Pages 1804-1821"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45786218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A multiscale perspective on cluster-based layered materials: Design and function optimization toward catalytic and energy storage applications","authors":"Binbin Qian ,&nbsp;Ke Xu ,&nbsp;Dantong Zhang ,&nbsp;Sridhar Komarneni ,&nbsp;Dongfeng Xue","doi":"10.1016/j.fmre.2023.12.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fmre.2023.12.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Layered materials have become one of the focuses in chemistry and materials science due to their unique structural characteristics and highly tunable properties. Clusters with mesoscale dynamic structures can be introduced into layered materials as structural units or guests, endowing cluster-based layered materials with enhanced or emerging new properties different from those of the individual components. This review starts with a summary of the design and assembly strategies of typical cluster-based layered materials from a multiscale perspective, and then introduces the multiscale characterization and simulation platform. Additionally, we discuss the recent progress in the catalytic and energy storage application of cluster-based layered materials and summarize the current challenges and future directions in this field.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34602,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental Research","volume":"5 4","pages":"Pages 1668-1682"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139394085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-scale variations and future projections of dry-wet conditions over the monsoon transitional zone in East Asia: A review","authors":"Wen Chen ,&nbsp;Jinling Piao ,&nbsp;Shangfeng Chen ,&nbsp;Lin Wang ,&nbsp;Wei Zhao ,&nbsp;Zhikai Wang ,&nbsp;Qiulin Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.fmre.2024.01.023","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fmre.2024.01.023","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The East Asian monsoon transitional zone (MTZ) is a northeast-southwest oriented belt between the wet monsoon areas and the northwestern dry areas of China with a fragile ecology and high climate sensitivity. The climate in the MTZ is characterized by strong instability and large variability, resulting in frequent occurrence of extreme weather and climate events. A number of studies have focused on the dry-wet characteristics from different perspectives, taking into account the increasing problems of water scarcity and ecological risks. This study reviews the multi-scale variations, underlying mechanisms and future projections of dry-wet conditions over the MTZ under global warming. The main findings over the last few decades are summarized as follows: 1) the interannual variability of summer precipitation is under the combined impacts of oceanic forcings and internal atmospheric teleconnection patterns at mid-high latitudes; 2) an interdecadal decrease in summer precipitation amount in the MTZ was observed in the late 1990s due to a Silk-Road pattern-like wave train triggered by the combined impacts of the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation-like SST warming over the North Atlantic and positive-to-negative phase shift of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO); 3) a pronounced drying trend has been observed during 1951–2005, which is mainly attributed to human activities and internal atmospheric variability, including increased aerosols, land-use changes, thermal forcing over the Tibetan Plateau, and the phase shift of the PDO; and 4) the summer precipitation in the MTZ is projected to increase under global warming with considerable uncertainties mainly due to internal atmospheric variability, including the Arctic Oscillation and the Polar-Eurasian pattern. This review attempts to provide a clear and systematic picture on the distinctive changing features of dry-wet conditions over the MTZ, and to attract the interest of the scientific community in climate change over this unique “transition” domain.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34602,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental Research","volume":"5 4","pages":"Pages 1597-1606"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140275111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lensless camera: Unraveling the breakthroughs and prospects","authors":"Shuowen Li ,&nbsp;Yunhui Gao ,&nbsp;Jiachen Wu ,&nbsp;Mingjie Wang ,&nbsp;Zhangcheng Huang ,&nbsp;Shumei Chen ,&nbsp;Liangcai Cao","doi":"10.1016/j.fmre.2024.03.019","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fmre.2024.03.019","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lensless imaging is an innovative and swiftly advancing technology at the intersection of optics, imaging technology, and computational science. It captures scene by directly recording the interference or diffraction patterns of light, subsequently utilizing algorithms to reconstruct the original image from these patterns. Lensless imaging transforms traditional imaging paradigms, offering newfound design flexibility and the capacity to seamlessly integrate within diverse imaging ecosystems. This paper aims to provide an overview of significant developments in optical modulation elements, image sensors, and reconstruction algorithms. The novel application scenarios that benefit from lensless computational imaging are presented. The opportunities and challenges associated with lensless camera are discussed for further improving its performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34602,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental Research","volume":"5 4","pages":"Pages 1725-1736"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140399661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The cause and consequence of robot adoption in China: Minimum wages and firms’ responses","authors":"Richard B. Freeman ,&nbsp;Xueyue Liu ,&nbsp;Zhikuo Liu ,&nbsp;Ran Song ,&nbsp;Ruixiang Xiong","doi":"10.1016/j.fmre.2022.07.016","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fmre.2022.07.016","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We study the cause and consequence of firms’ robot adoption in China using novel panel data related to robots imported by firms in China from 2001 to 2012, when more than 80% of China’s robots were imported. We find that the rising minimum wages affect firms’ robot adoption and the effect is more significant for routine-intensive, labor-intensive and large firms. Moreover, employing robots significantly increases firms’ productivity, labor employment, average wages, and market share. These findings suggest that productivity gains from automation are partially passed on to workers in the form of more employment and higher labor income.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34602,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental Research","volume":"5 4","pages":"Pages 1759-1770"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140467783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Targeted delivery of liposomal senolytics to alleviate cellular senescence-induced bone loss","authors":"Rong Li ,&nbsp;Yaohua Wei ,&nbsp;Changhao Xiong ,&nbsp;Jingwei Wang ,&nbsp;Yixuan Lin ,&nbsp;Ronghui Deng ,&nbsp;Hao Qin ,&nbsp;Yang Chen ,&nbsp;Nan Li ,&nbsp;Guyu Zheng ,&nbsp;Yuanyuan Lv ,&nbsp;Jian Shi ,&nbsp;Tingting Yu ,&nbsp;Yiye Li ,&nbsp;Jing Wang ,&nbsp;Ruifang Zhao ,&nbsp;Changsheng Liu ,&nbsp;Guangjun Nie","doi":"10.1016/j.fmre.2024.12.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fmre.2024.12.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The senescence of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells is involved in osteoporosis. The combination of dasatinib and quercetin has been explored to alleviate bone loss by efficiently reducing senescent cell populations. However, senolytic therapy by dasatinib and quercetin requires a precise ratio for better therapeutic effects, which is hard to achieve by oral administration. Meanwhile, the poor water solubility of these compounds limits their bioavailability, and their non-specific action could hamper effective penetration and targeting within relevant tissues. Herein, we developed alendronate-functionalized liposomes carrying dasatinib and quercetin (Aln-Lipo-DQ), focusing mainly on senescence-associated osteoporosis induced by chemotherapy or radiotherapy. Alendronate helps liposomes deliver dasatinib and quercetin to the femur and tibias, effectively removing senescent cells from bone tissue and increasing bone volume fraction from 5.05% to 11.95% in the chemotherapy-induced osteoporosis mouse model. We also found a 2.91-fold increase in bone volume fraction in Aln-Lipo-DQ treated groups compared to the control in radiotherapy models. This selectively targeting bone and reducing senescent cells holds great promise for cancer treatment-related and senescence-associated bone disorders.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34602,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental Research","volume":"5 4","pages":"Pages 1429-1439"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144713230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multinuclear metal-organic coordination structures containing metal-cluster nodes studied by scanning tunneling microscopy","authors":"Yansong Wang ,&nbsp;Xin Li ,&nbsp;Qianxi Yang ,&nbsp;Qian Shen ,&nbsp;Yang He ,&nbsp;Yajie Zhang ,&nbsp;Yongfeng Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.fmre.2023.09.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fmre.2023.09.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Embedding metal clusters in surface-supported metal-organic frameworks gives rise to multinuclear metal-organic coordination structures (MMOCs). The controllable configurations, exposed clusters, and multilevel interactions of MMOCs imply numerous potential applications, such as in catalysis, light-energy conversion, spintronics, and molecular electronics. Thus, the fabrication of MMOCs has been investigated extensively. According to the formation mechanism of metal clusters, we summarize five types of MMOCs. Attractive properties, e.g., magnetism, charge transfer and chirality, emerge in these systems. The surface-supported feature enables researchers to detect these properties via surface-sensitive techniques, such as scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, noncontact atomic force microscopy and local contact potential difference measurement. In addition, the results obtained from density functional theory calculations can be mutually verified with experiments. These studies pave the way for further applications of MMOCs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34602,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental Research","volume":"5 4","pages":"Pages 1524-1537"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135809632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Over-the-air federated learning: Status quo, open challenges, and future directions","authors":"Bingnan Xiao ,&nbsp;Xichen Yu ,&nbsp;Wei Ni ,&nbsp;Xin Wang ,&nbsp;H. Vincent Poor","doi":"10.1016/j.fmre.2024.01.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fmre.2024.01.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The development of applications based on artificial intelligence and implemented over wireless networks is increasingly rapidly and is expected to grow dramatically in the future. The resulting demand for the aggregation of large amounts of data has caused serious communication bottlenecks in wireless networks and particularly at the network edge. Over-the-air federated learning (OTA-FL), leveraging the superposition feature of multi-access channels, enables users at the network edge to share spectrum resources and achieves efficient and low-latency global model aggregation. This paper provides a holistic review of progress in OTA-FL and points to potential future research directions. Specifically, we classify OTA-FL from the perspective of system settings, including single-antenna OTA-FL, multi-antenna OTA-FL, and OTA-FL with the aid of the emerging reconfigurable intelligent surface technology, and the contributions of existing works in these areas are summarized. Moreover, we discuss the trust, security and privacy aspects of OTA-FL, and highlight concerns arising from security and privacy. Finally, challenges and potential research directions are discussed to promote the future development of OTA-FL in terms of improving system performance, reliability, and trustworthiness. Specifical challenges to be addressed include model distortion under channel fading, the ineffective OTA aggregation of local models trained on substantially unbalanced data, and the limited accessibility and verifiability of individual local models.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34602,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental Research","volume":"5 4","pages":"Pages 1710-1724"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144713236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Applications of magnetic nanoparticles for boundarics in biomedicine","authors":"Fang Yang ,&nbsp;Juan Li ,&nbsp;Tianxiang Chen ,&nbsp;Wenzhi Ren ,&nbsp;Changyong Gao ,&nbsp;Jie Lin ,&nbsp;Chen Xu ,&nbsp;Xuehua Ma ,&nbsp;Jie Xing ,&nbsp;Hongying Bao ,&nbsp;Bo Jiang ,&nbsp;Lingchao Xiang ,&nbsp;Aiguo Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.fmre.2024.12.017","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fmre.2024.12.017","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accurate mapping of boundarics in biomedicine is crucial for improving early diagnosis, crafting individualized medical regimens, and evaluating therapeutic efficacy. Magnetic nanomaterials have attracted considerable attention in the diagnosis and treatment of disease lesions, due to their unique physicochemical properties (e.g., magnetically responsive performance and superparamagnetism). In recent years, the application of magnetic nanoparticles in disease imaging has advanced rapidly, showing significant advantages in the detection of tumors and other major diseases. Leveraging their strong magnetic properties, magnetic nanoparticles not only enable high-precision real-time detection of lesions but also possess potential for long-term monitoring. In this article, key aspects of magnetic nanomaterials applied for boundarics in biomedicine are discussed, including controllable material preparation, material performance optimization, and lesion boundary imaging. Furthermore, the prevailing strategies for magnetic nanomaterials and their successful implementation in multimodal imaging techniques are summarized, with particular emphasis on their significance in defining the boundaries of tumors and other major diseases. Ultimately, the challenges that persist in boundarics in biomedicine and the corresponding approaches are presented, providing insights to advance boundary imaging techniques.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34602,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental Research","volume":"5 4","pages":"Pages 1401-1422"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144713404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}