高分子纳米药物在肿瘤治疗中的靶向递送与控释

IF 6.2 3区 综合性期刊 Q1 Multidisciplinary
Na Shen , Weidong Zhao , Hongyu Chu , Haiyang Yu , Hai Sun , Zhaohui Tang , Xuesi Chen
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引用次数: 0

摘要

药物治疗,包括化学疗法和免疫疗法,仍然是癌症治疗的基石;然而,明显的毒副作用往往不可避免,抑制肿瘤生长,同时造成多器官系统损伤。聚合物纳米药物在解决小分子药物的局限性方面显示出巨大的希望,例如溶解度差、清除速度快、肿瘤残留低和不良反应,从而提高了治疗指数。尽管取得了这些进展,但临床结果表明,治疗后癌症患者的总体生存率通常并不比使用标准小分子药物的患者高。这在很大程度上是由于聚合物药物尽管具有药物释放和靶向能力,但其肿瘤靶向性不足,穿透肿瘤的能力有限。虽然积极靶向肿瘤和选择性激活药物策略可以潜在地改善药物靶向性,但由于肿瘤和正常组织之间的靶标(如标记物和刺激物)差异不足,传统方法的结果并不令人满意。最近的创新集中在利用药物或外部刺激,如光、辐射和超声,来放大肿瘤相关标记物或刺激,从而实现更精确的肿瘤靶向和选择性药物激活。基于这些创新,主动靶向或选择性活化的聚合物纳米药物可以进一步增强肿瘤内的药物积累,改善治疗效果。此外,肿瘤主动靶向和肿瘤选择性激活策略的整合是一项重大进展,可以同时增强肿瘤内的药物积累和选择性激活。这篇综述强调了聚合物纳米药物在靶向肿瘤治疗中的巨大潜力、挑战和先进的策略,强调需要进行持续的研究来优化其有效性,最终改善患者的预后,为更有效、更低毒性的癌症治疗选择铺平道路。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Targeted delivery and controlled release of polymeric nanomedicines for tumor therapy
Drug therapy, including chemotherapy and immunotherapy, remains a cornerstone of cancer treatment; however, significant toxic side effects are often unavoidable, inhibiting tumor growth while causing damage to multiple organ systems. Polymeric nanomedicines have shown substantial promise in addressing the limitations of small-molecule drugs, such as poor solubility, rapid clearance, low tumor retention, and adverse effects, thereby enhancing the therapeutic index. Despite these advances, clinical outcomes indicate that the overall survival rates of cancer patients post-treatment are often not significantly higher than those achieved with standard small-molecule drugs. This is largely due to the inadequate tumor targeting and limited tumor penetration of polymeric drugs despite their drug release and targeting capabilities. While actively tumor-targeted and selectively activated drug strategies can potentially improve drug targeting, traditional approaches have yielded unsatisfactory results due to insufficient differences in targets, such as markers and stimuli, between tumor and normal tissues. Recent innovations focus on utilizing drug or external stimuli, such as light, radiation, and ultrasound, to amplify tumor-associated markers or stimuli, enabling more precise tumor targeting and selective drug activation. Based on these innovations, actively targeted or selectively activated polymeric nanomedicines can further enhance drug accumulation within tumors and improve therapeutic outcomes. Moreover, the integration of actively tumor-targeting and tumor-selectively activated strategies represents a significant advancement, which achieves simultaneously enhanced drug accumulation and selective activation within the tumors. This review highlights the significant potential, challenges, and advanced strategies of polymeric nanomedicines in targeted tumor therapy, emphasizing the need for ongoing research to optimize their effectiveness and ultimately improve patient outcomes, paving the way for more effective and less toxic cancer treatment options.
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来源期刊
Fundamental Research
Fundamental Research Multidisciplinary-Multidisciplinary
CiteScore
4.00
自引率
1.60%
发文量
294
审稿时长
79 days
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