Fundamental Research最新文献

{"title":"Optical demodulation and multi-dimensional identification via a monolithic perovskite heterojunction","authors":"Siyang Guo,&nbsp;Jihong Liu,&nbsp;Haoxuan Sun,&nbsp;Juan Wang,&nbsp;Jinfang Fan,&nbsp;Jingzhao Yu,&nbsp;Zicai Zhang,&nbsp;Shufang Wang,&nbsp;Liang Li,&nbsp;Shuang Qiao","doi":"10.1016/j.fmre.2025.09.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fmre.2025.09.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Position sensitive detectors (PSDs) based on the lateral photovoltaic effect (LPE) are distinguished by their non-contact sensing capabilities and exceptional self-powered properties, showcasing significant potential for diverse applications. However, the development of high-performance detectors that meet the demands of intelligent perception, particularly those capable of acquiring complex information from optical fields, remains a significant challenge. In this work, we propose a PSD utilizing an ITO/MAPbI₃:P(VDF-TrFE)/Si heterojunction, which successfully achieves a broadband self-powered response ranging from 405 to 1064 nm. The modulation of the pyroelectric field enables a position sensitivity (PS) of 688.10 mV/mm, representing a substantial enhancement of 144.13 %. Simultaneously, the pyroelectric effect is found to significantly enhance the wavelength resolution. The device effectively decodes the digital information encoded with position-related ASCII code by directly evaluating the lateral photovoltage (LPV) values of the PSD across the visible to near-infrared spectrum, facilitating position and wavelength-resolved photoelectric demodulation. Furthermore, the PSD can mutually distinguish the wavelength, position, and intensity of incident light based on the LPV values and their enhancement ratios, without the need for additional systems, thus enabling the identification and coding of multi-dimensional optical information.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34602,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental Research","volume":"6 5","pages":"Pages 3302-3310"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147909588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stimulating the non-ARG harbored microbes with a specific carbon source can suppress the rebound of soil ARB after calcium peroxide application","authors":"Guoqing Niu,&nbsp;Shuiying Zhu,&nbsp;Xiaohang Yuan,&nbsp;Wenyi Yang,&nbsp;Zhexu Ding,&nbsp;Penghao Xie,&nbsp;Tao Wen,&nbsp;Qirong Shen,&nbsp;Jun Yuan","doi":"10.1016/j.fmre.2025.02.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fmre.2025.02.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The spread of antibiotic resistance genes poses a significant global environmental risk. Soil antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) are a critical reservoir for antibiotic resistance genes in the environment, making them a focal point of concern. Traditional abatement techniques are not suitable for field applications at present. In this study, we investigated the removal of soil ARB using a combination of calcium peroxide and D-mannitol. Treatment with 2% CaO₂ alone effectively reduced the populations of sulfonamide-resistant bacteria, beta-lactam-resistant bacteria, macrolide-resistant bacteria, and tetracycline-resistant bacteria by over 90% under a soil water holding capacity of 90%. However, this reduction decreased significantly after 40 days due to CaO₂ depletion. To sustain the removal effect, we screened carbon sources and found that adding 1 mM D-mannitol 10 days after applying CaO₂ could maintain removal rates of 78.41%, 91.44%, 86.81%, and 90.39% after 40 days. Sequencing results revealed that while CaO₂ alone initially reduced ARB, it led to a rebound in genera such as <em>Ochrobactrum</em> and <em>Lysinibacillus</em>. In contrast, D-mannitol addition prevented this rebound and enriched non-ARB genera like <em>Nitrososphaera</em>, enhancing the overall removal effect. This study demonstrates that combining CaO₂ with D-mannitol is a promising strategy for efficient and sustained removal of soil ARB.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34602,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental Research","volume":"6 5","pages":"Pages 3095-3103"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149056058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From searching for extraterrestrial biosignatures to exploring the origins of life: A prebiotic chemistry perspective","authors":"Fude Chen,&nbsp;Yufen Zhao,&nbsp;Jianxi Ying","doi":"10.1016/j.fmre.2026.01.017","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fmre.2026.01.017","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The search for extraterrestrial life represents one of humanity’s most profound scientific endeavors. This review examines the role of prebiotic chemistry in our quest to detect extraterrestrial life. Analyzing diverse chemical pathways, including the Strecker synthesis, cyanide polymerization, and Fischer–Tropsch-type reactions, outlines how simple inorganic precursors may evolve into complex chemical reaction networks under non-biological conditions. While compounds such as amino acids are common in both abiotic and biotic contexts, discerning their origins requires an understanding of reaction mechanisms, environmental contexts, and the thermodynamic challenges of polymerization. Moreover, this review addresses the emergence of homochirality and the development of genetic systems, proposing that these phenomena may arise from dynamic prebiotic processes. Laboratory simulations of extraterrestrial environments are crucial in testing these hypotheses, providing insights into the potential trajectories from simple monomers to complex macromolecules under planetary surface and interstellar conditions. Ultimately, this review advocates for reassessing biosignature interpretation methods, underscoring the need for integrated, multifaceted approaches that consider both prebiotic chemical evolution and environmental context when evaluating the potential for life beyond Earth.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34602,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental Research","volume":"6 5","pages":"Pages 2792-2802"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149056059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Large-scale evidence for highly coupled soil multi-elements in permafrost ecosystems","authors":"Shuqi Qin,&nbsp;Yingjie Chen,&nbsp;Yuanhe Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.fmre.2025.08.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fmre.2025.08.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The coupled soil element cycles are the foundation of many crucial ecosystem functions such as primary production and climate regulation. However, whether and how multiple soil elements are coupled in permafrost regions remains unclear. Here, we collected and analyzed 240 soil samples from the active layer (0–10 cm) and permafrost deposits (top 50 cm) at 24 sites along a 1000-km transect on the Tibetan Plateau. We found that a high degree of soil element coupling, defined as the mean Spearman rank correlation among 19 measured elements, was maintained in the two soil layers. Nutrient elements were more likely to be coupled than non-nutrient elements, with 19 and 11 sites revealing robust coupling of nutrient and non-nutrient elements, respectively. Furthermore, atomic properties, including atomic mass and electronegativity, affected element coupling in the active layer, but had no effect in the permafrost deposits. These findings advance our understanding of terrestrial biogeochemistry in permafrost regions and inspire further research to explore the linkage of soil element coupling with ecosystem functioning.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34602,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental Research","volume":"6 5","pages":"Pages 3066-3074"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149056434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced soil health and greenhouse gas mitigation potential are linked to microbial network restructuring under long-term organic farming","authors":"Zhaoqiang Han,&nbsp;Ziheng Zou,&nbsp;Yubing Dong,&nbsp;Yi Leng,&nbsp;Shumin Guo,&nbsp;Zhe Xu,&nbsp;Longping Tu,&nbsp;Huacheng Yin,&nbsp;Yang Ruan,&nbsp;Shuwei Liu,&nbsp;Jinyang Wang,&nbsp;Jianwen Zou","doi":"10.1016/j.fmre.2026.04.014","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fmre.2026.04.014","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Understanding how agricultural management reshapes soil microbial organization to regulate ecosystem functions and greenhouse gas (GHG) dynamics is essential for developing climate-resilient farming systems. Here, we investigated how long-term (15 years) organic farming integrating rice–duck co-culture and hairy vetch rotation affects economic profit, soil health, and GHG emissions. This assessment combined ¹⁵N site preference analysis of nitrous oxide (N₂O), ¹³C-labeled and DNA-based stable isotope probing, and microbial co-occurrence network modeling. Compared with the conventional rice–wheat rotation system, the organic farming system achieved a 2.5-fold increase in net economic profit. Long-term organic management enhanced soil health by restructuring cross-domain microbial networks and altering the abundance of keystone taxa. Microbial network complexity was negatively correlated with soil health, indicating that simplified microbial interaction structures may promote soil functioning. Organic farming reduced N₂O emissions by 65%, which was associated with a lower nitrifier-to-denitrifier gene ratio and increased <em>nos</em>Z gene abundance. Methane emissions decreased by 12%, driven by a fivefold increase in active methanotrophs. Together, these results provide trait-based evidence linking microbial community organization to soil health improvement and GHG mitigation. Our findings advance fundamental understanding of the ecological mechanisms underlying organic management effects on soil biogeochemistry and offer a theoretical basis for designing low-emission, resilient agricultural systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34602,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental Research","volume":"6 5","pages":"Pages 2986-2998"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149056440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Magnetic catheter robot with dynamic force feedback for stiffness identification and abnormality detection","authors":"Haolan Shen,&nbsp;Zhengwei Li,&nbsp;Shixiong Fu,&nbsp;Mingguo Jiang,&nbsp;Mingxue Cai,&nbsp;Zhiqiang Chen,&nbsp;Hongwei Wang,&nbsp;Long Cheng,&nbsp;Tiantian Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.fmre.2026.03.014","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fmre.2026.03.014","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Magnetic continuum robots offer unique advantages for minimally invasive surgery owing to their flexibility, miniaturization, and remote actuation. However, the absence of reliable real-time force feedback in existing magnetically actuated catheters severely constrains safe interaction, and quantitative identification of tissue mechanical properties. To address this limitation, this work presents a magnetic catheter robot with integrated dynamic force feedback. The proposed system integrates an axial optical force sensor, a miniaturized endoscope, and annular permanent magnets within a compact distal architecture. This design achieves sub-0.01 N force resolution while remaining robust under large bending deformations and varying deflection angles. System performance is quantitatively evaluated through force-controlled planar writing, 3D curved-surface palpation with shape perception and stiffness mapping, and endoscope-guided bronchial palpation, demonstrating reliable stiffness-based abnormality detection in complex luminal environments. These results demonstrate the feasibility of force-aware magnetic catheterization for quantitative assessment of local tissue mechanics, providing a clinically relevant platform for minimally invasive diagnostics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34602,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental Research","volume":"6 5","pages":"Pages 3544-3554"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149056442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent advances in integrated biophysical and biochemical microfluidic methods for circulating tumor cells isolation and analysis","authors":"Ruiju Shi,&nbsp;Yuyan Yue,&nbsp;Ziqi Liu,&nbsp;Hua Chai,&nbsp;Peng Miao","doi":"10.1016/j.fmre.2024.09.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fmre.2024.09.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cancer is a worldwide public health problem. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are one of the most significant tumor biomarkers, reflecting critical information of disease transcriptome, genome, and proteome. Various microfluidic methods have been proposed to separate, detect and analyze CTCs, involving multiple processes. In this work, we aim to give a comprehensive overview on recent advances in integrated biophysical and biochemical microfluidic methods for CTCs separation and detection. First, early label-free biophysical methods are introduced and discussed, including basic passive and active approaches as well as active-passive integrated assays. Next, we summarize labelled methods with different biochemical reactions based on their unique working principles, such as immune affinity-based methods and magnetic nanoparticle-assisted methods. Moreover, the most dominating approaches combining biochemical and biophysical methods are discussed. Their applicability and unique features are compared. Finally, we offer the perspectives on integrated microfluidic approaches for CTCs biosensing and cancer diagnostics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34602,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental Research","volume":"6 5","pages":"Pages 2898-2910"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149056453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regret Bound for Multi-Armed Bandits with Discounting: A Robust Stochastic Control Approach","authors":"Zhou Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.fmre.2025.10.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fmre.2025.10.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We investigate the exact regret bound for stochastic multi-armed bandit problems with discounting, by formulating the regret bound as the value of a robust stochastic control problem. We first show that the regret bound coincides with the value associated with the Bayesian optimization problem under the worst prior. However, a solution to this Bayesian optimization may not be an optimal strategy for the robust control problem. To resolve this dilemma, we introduce an entropy regularization term into the cost function. In this way, we prove the existence of a saddle point for the entropy-regularized robust control. Moreover, the unique optimal strategy for the Bayesian optimization under the worst prior is also an (almost) optimal strategy for the original robust stochastic control problem.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34602,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental Research","volume":"6 5","pages":"Pages 2823-2833"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149056542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Healthy lifestyle attenuates the clonal hematopoiesis-associated coronary artery disease risk","authors":"Yuxin Yang,&nbsp;Xuxiang Shen,&nbsp;Keyong Huang,&nbsp;Hongwei Liu,&nbsp;Jianxin Li,&nbsp;Fangchao Liu,&nbsp;Shufeng Chen,&nbsp;Jie Cao,&nbsp;Hongfan Li,&nbsp;Xiaoqing Liu,&nbsp;Chong Shen,&nbsp;Ling Yu,&nbsp;Dongsheng Hu,&nbsp;Jianfeng Huang,&nbsp;Tong Wang,&nbsp;Wenjing Tian,&nbsp;Dongfeng Gu,&nbsp;Xiangfeng Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.fmre.2025.09.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fmre.2025.09.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lifestyle factors and clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP) both contribute to the risk of developing coronary artery disease (CAD), but whether a healthy lifestyle could attenuate CHIP-related CAD risk is unknown. A total of 6113 participants from the Prediction for Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Risk in China project were included. Lifestyle was categorized as unfavorable, intermediate, and favorable according to the number of healthy lifestyle factors (body mass index, smoking, sleep, physical activity, and diet). CHIP mutations were detected by targeted deep sequencing (mean depth, 916 ×). After a median follow-up of 12.1 years, 760 cases of CAD were recorded. A favorable lifestyle and CHIP were associated with 53% lower (HR (hazard ratio) = 0.47; 95% CI (confidence interval): 0.36–0.61) and 41% higher (HR = 1.41; 95% CI: 1.17–1.72) CAD risk, respectively. Of note, the elevated CAD risk attributed to CHIP was found in the intermediate (HR = 1.48; 95% CI: 1.03–2.11) and unfavorable (HR = 1.57; 95% CI: 1.22–2.01) lifestyle groups, but not in the favorable (HR = 0.71; 95% CI: 0.36–1.42) group. Unfavorable lifestyle and CHIP jointly contributed to a 2.78-fold increased risk of CAD (95% CI: 1.95–3.97) compared with non-CHIP carriers with a favorable lifestyle, indicating a significant additive interaction between CHIP and lifestyle (RERI (relative excess risk due to interaction) = 1.08; 95% CI: 0.40–1.77). Specifically, the protective effect of lifestyle depends on the size of cell fractions, with an intermediate lifestyle mitigating CAD risk in small clone carriers (VAF (variant allele fraction): 0.5%-2%), and a favorable lifestyle being necessary for common clone carriers (VAF ≥ 2%). In summary, CHIP carriers exhibited a higher risk of CAD, while a favorable lifestyle could attenuate the excess risk related to CHIP. Efforts should be made to promote intensive behavioral interventions among CHIP carriers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34602,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental Research","volume":"6 5","pages":"Pages 3471-3478"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149056020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent advances in customizing the electrostatic potential pore environments of metal-organic frameworks for C2H2 and C2H4 purification","authors":"Jingwen Chen,&nbsp;Zhenyu Zhou,&nbsp;Shuangqing Shang,&nbsp;Hao Wang,&nbsp;Shixia Chen,&nbsp;Shuguang Deng,&nbsp;Jun Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.fmre.2025.03.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fmre.2025.03.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>High-purity acetylene (C₂H₂) and ethylene (C₂H₄) are valuable and critical chemicals, whereas the impurities with closely similar structures and properties pose significant challenges for their purifications. Inspired by biological recognition systems, adsorptive separation based on the discrimination of electrostatic potential (ESP) differences among gas molecules has emerged as a promising approach for gas-mixture separation. Compared to traditional kinetic and thermodynamic mechanisms, ESP-driven separations demonstrate advantages such as high separation selectivity, fast diffusion rate, and facile regeneration. This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent advancements in the rational design of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) with tailored ESP pore environments, highlighting their applications in ESP-driven separation processes for producing high-purity C₂H₂ and C₂H₄. Furthermore, we summarize and discuss the strategies for modifying MOF adsorbents and the characterization techniques employed to elucidate their underlying separation mechanisms. Lastly, this review outlines current challenges and future prospects in this field, aiming to provide valuable insights into ongoing research for achieving efficient ESP-driven separation for complex gas-mixtures in a single step.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34602,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental Research","volume":"6 5","pages":"Pages 2911-2932"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149056461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}